如何在求職過程中增加就業機會?

University graduation has come and gone and despite all the talk of it being the hottest job market in years for new graduates, you're still on the sideLines. You've sent out dozens of CVs and submitted countless applications. Still, nothing.

大學畢業生來來往往，儘管人們都說，對於應屆畢業生而言這是這麼多年來就業市場最火熱的一年，而你仍然只是個旁觀者。你發了很多簡歷，提交了無數申請，仍然一無所獲。

Panic sets in. You start to think all that study was for nothing.

你開始慌了，開始考慮是不是上了那麼多年學什麼用都沒有。

With little real experience on your resume, what can you do to increase your odds of landing your dream position and to make yourself more attractive to employers?

在簡歷沒什麼工作經驗可寫的情況下，你能夠做什麼來增加自己獲得夢寐以求工作的機會，來使自己在僱主面前更具吸引力呢？

Treat it like a job

把它當作一份工作

"The best advice is simple, but job seekers rarely follow it," said Ginger Porter, managing director of the Dallas and Atlanta offices at global communications firm Golin, in an email. "Start every day like it's your work day."

"最佳建議很簡單，但是求職者很少遵循。"全球公關公司Golin在達拉斯和亞特蘭大辦事處的總經理金傑波特在郵件中寫道。"像工作日那樣開始你的每一天。"

Don't lounge around in your PJs all day while binge-watching your favourite shows. Get dressed in the morning with the idea that you have somewhere you need to be: looking for a job.

不要成天穿着睡衣閒逛還刷你最愛的劇。早上穿好衣服，腦子裏想着你有地方要去：找工作。

Porter suggests writing a list of every person you know, or can think of in your chosen field. These should be people you can approach who might be able to help with your job search. Ask each one of them for short coffee dates, or even a brief phone chat or email response. Don't ask for a job.

波特建議可以列一張清單，寫下在你求職領域裏認識的或能想到的所有人。這些應當是你能夠接觸到並且有可能幫你找工作的人。和每個人約個短暫的喝咖啡時間，或者甚至打一通簡單的電話或郵件回覆也可以。不要開口要工作。

"Talk to each of them about what you're looking for, and be specific: 'I'm looking for a position with this kind of employer where I can use my skills in XYZ. Do you have any advice for me?'" said Porter. "People will make the time to give advice, and it's better than booking their time to ask for a job."

"和他們每個人談論你在尋求什麼，注意要具體化：'我在找一個這種類型的公司職位，這樣我可以用到我的XYZ技能。請問能否給我一些建議？'"波特說。"人們會花時間給你提建議，這比佔用他人時間開口要工作好得多。"

If you're meeting in person, present yourself professionally — after all, you're asking for help and possibly a personal referral. Arrive prepared with examples of how you've successfully used your skills in the past, whether it was for a school project or an internship. Your aim is to impress. Before you leave, ask the person if there is anyone to whom they might be able introduce you. Follow the same process with those people.

如果你約對方當面談，那麼要表現地很專業--畢竟，你是在尋求幫助以及可能的推薦人。提前準備好你以前如何成功利用自己的技能完成學校項目或者實習任務的案例。你的目標是給對方留下深刻印象。臨走前，詢問對方是否可以把你推薦給他人。接下來每個人都如法照辦。

"It's an exponential effect," said Porter. "You could potentially talk to 100 people this way, and I guarantee that out of that group of people, someone has the perfect job that fits your skills."

"這是一種指數效應。"波特說。"你可以用這種方式和100個人交談，我敢保證在這些人裏一定有人能爲你提供適合你的完美工作。"

Outside your comfort zone

走出舒適區

If you are getting interviews but they are outside the field you studied and not really of any interest to you, take time to gain more work experience in your field, according to Prague-based Oliver Donoghue, managing director of the Nonstop Recruitment Schweiz AG talent agency. And that may mean taking a position slightly different than you hoped for.

招聘直通車瑞士股份公司人才機構總經理、在布拉格工作的奧利弗·多諾霍表示，如果你去面試，但發現它不是你的專業範圍而且你也不是很感興趣，那麼花時間在你的領域多積累些工作經驗。而這可能意味着你得做一份與你的預期略有不同的工作。

"It doesn't have to be anything game-changing. Even a brief stint at a relevant organisation will be enough to show employers that you're serious about your career and want to gain some professional experience," he said.

他說道："它不一定是全新的。在相關公司待過哪怕是很短的一段時間也足夠向僱主證明你對你的事業是嚴肅認真的，想要獲得一些工作經驗。"

Presenting yourself on paper

以書面形式展示自己

If you did any internships while in school that were related to your field of interest, don't just list them. Instead, showcase them through a portfolio of the work you did while at the job, suggested Payal Vasudeva, a managing director in Accenture's Strategy division in the London office.

埃森哲諮詢公司戰略部倫敦辦總經理帕耶爾·瓦蘇德瓦建議，如果你在校期間有過任何和你感興趣的工作領域相關的實習經歷，不要僅僅羅列出來，而是通過一系列工作中的成果展示出來。

"Being able to demonstrate specific job skills, whether through an internship, volunteer work or extracurricular activities, increases your chances of landing that job," she said in an email.

她在郵件中寫道："有能力展示出具體的工作技能，不論是實習期間、志願工作或課外活動的工作技能，都能夠增加你獲得該職位的機會。"

If you need to improve your CV, consider volunteering or taking vocational courses that boost your skill set to match the demands of the jobs you're applying for. "Employers will be looking for any signs that you've gone above and beyond the call of duty to improve your skill set, and gaining additional experience can make a world of difference," said Donoghue.

如果你需要提升自己的簡歷，不妨考慮做些志願工作或報名職業課程來增加你的技能，以滿足你所申請的工作崗位的要求。多諾霍說："僱主方會仔細尋找任何能夠證明你超越職位要求努力提升工作技能的線索，而有額外的經驗則大不相同。"

Once you've done so, show them off when it comes to your own online presence. "You are the digital natives who turn to smartphones and social media for everything, from talking to friends to shopping," said Accenture's Vasudeva. "As you enter this next chapter of your life in the professional world, check out job listings on career board apps. Use LinkedIn and other social channels to network and show off your expertise and industry knowledge."

一旦你這麼做了，當談到你的個人線上表現時就可以向對方炫耀一番。"你是個數字原住民，任何事都可以向智能手機和社交媒體求助，從和朋友聊天到網上購物。"埃森哲諮詢公司的瓦蘇德瓦說。"當你進入人生下一個篇章--職業領域時，你在求職app裏搜索職位信息。利用LinkedIn和其他網絡社交渠道來展現你的專業性和對行業知識的瞭解。"

Lots of skills, little experience

技能多，經驗少

If you don't have any real work experience, consider switching to a skills-based CV, suggested UK-based Sally Walker, an international career coach with SW Career Coaching, in an email. Use the first page to lay out up to five transferable job skill headings relevant to the role for which you are applying. Under these headings, create bullet-pointed achievement statements which provide evidence of the skill.

來自英國SW職業指導的國際職業教練莎莉沃克在郵件中建議稱，如果你真的沒有任何實際工作經驗，那麼考慮轉向以技能爲主的簡歷，簡歷第一頁列出至少五點與你申請的職位相關的可遷移職業技能標題。在這些標題下，重點陳述能夠證明該技能的成就和證據。

"Try to include the key action that you took as well as quantifying the results wherever possible," said Walker. For example, under "Organisation and Planning," you could include organising a charity event during university. Describe it in a way that highlights your achievements. For example: "Initiated and set up all of the organisation for （title of event） for 35 participants, which raised over ?5,000 for charity. Involved preparing advertising materials, liaising with university grounds staff and arranging marshals."

"試着涵蓋你所做的關鍵行爲，並儘可能將結果量化呈現。"沃克說道。例如，在"組織和計劃"標題下，你可以例舉在大學組織的慈善活動。用一種能夠突出你個人成就的方式組織語言。例如："爲活動名稱發起並創建了組織機構，召集了35位參與者，爲慈善機構籌款達5000英鎊。期間參與廣告材料準備、與大學工作人員保持聯絡以及會場安排調度等工作。"

Networking never out of style

社交永遠不過時

Networking is still a great way to get on the radar of potential employers, said Donoghue. But if you don't have the time — or inclination — to attend in-person events, it can also be done online through platforms such as LinkedIn and Xing.

多諾霍表示，社交仍然是找到潛在僱主的好方法。但如果你沒時間，或不喜歡參加面對面的活動，也可以通過LinkedIn和Xing等網絡平臺參加。

But, be warned that there is no substitute for meeting someone face-to-face and you'll have to get out there at some point. If you do go the online route, ensure your digital presence matches across the board, from LinkedIn to your online CV.

然而要注意，沒什麼能夠替代面對面和他人交流，某個時間節點你還是得出去和對方碰面。如果你確實希望在網上完成，要確保你的線上表現，從LinkedIn到你的個人簡歷各方面都保持一致。

Expand your horizons

擴展眼界

If you are still coming up empty after applying for jobs, consider careers that are on the "fringe" of your area of study. For example, at NonStop where Donoghue works, there are now team members with Master's degrees who recruit in their fields of expertise, and there have also been recruiters with PhDs.

如果四處求職後仍然一無所獲，那麼就把職業當作你學習領域的"邊緣"。比如，在多諾霍就職的NonStop公司，現在就有碩士學位的員工專門招聘他們專業知識領域的人才，也有獲得博士學位的招聘人員。

"The opportunities won't always be directly connected to what you studied, and sometimes you need to take a step in a different direction to get ahead in your career," he said.

他表示："機會並不總是直接與你的專業相連，有時候你需要換一個不同的方向才能在事業上有所前進。"