天才養成6條攻略雙語
天才是怎麼樣養成的呢?你我都不知道，接下來，小編給大家準備了天才養成6條攻略雙語,歡迎大家參考與借鑑。
Lesson one: New challenges require new ways of thinking
1.面對新挑戰，要有新思路
Part car, part jet fighter, part spaceship, Bloodhound SSC aims to be the first land vehicle to break the 1,000mph barrier. One of the key challenges has been to design the wheels. How do you create the fastest wheels in history, make them stable and reliable at supersonic speeds, and with limited resources?
部分汽車、部分噴氣式飛機、部分宇宙飛船，獵犬號超級汽車的目標是做世界上第一輛時速突破1000英里的汽車。而這面臨的一項關鍵挑戰是車輪的設計。如果換做是你，你會如何在有限的資源下發明出超音速汽車上用的輪子呢?
After much deliberation, and devising ideas that pushed the boundaries of material technology, Mark Chapman, chief engineer of the Bloodhound project said the team decided to take a step back and change the way they were trying to solve problems. “There’s very little we’ve actually developed that’s new,” he says, “what’s unique is how we apply technologies.”
獵犬號項目的總工程師馬克·查普曼思來想去，覺得材料還是不夠好。最後他和他的團隊決定退回一步、換個角度看有沒有別的辦法。“我們實際創新的東西並不多”，馬克說：“我們的獨特之處在於應用技術的方式別具一格。”
They adopted an approach called the design of experiments – a mathematical technique of problem solving through doing lots of little experiments and then looking at the statistics all glued together. “All of a sudden, where we’d been knocking our head against the wall for maybe two, three, four months, we came up with a wheel design that would hold together and was strong enough,” he says.
他們採用實驗設計的方法做了很多的小實驗，綜合所得的數據再得出精確設計。“花了三四個月絞盡腦汁做盡各種實驗之後，很突然地我們做出了一個大膽的設計：把各種可用的(飛機、飛船所用的)技術都融合在一輛車上，從而使它足夠強大。”馬克說。
Lesson two: Let evidence shape your opinion
2.觀點要用證據來證明
Like his peers, geophysicist Steven Jacobsen from Northwestern University believed that water on Earth originated from comets. But by studying rocks, which allow scientists to peer back in time, he discovered water hidden inside ringwoodite, which lies in the Earth’s mantle, and which suggests that the oceans gradually made its way out of the planet’s interior many centuries ago.
美國西北大學地球物理學家史蒂文·雅各布森曾認爲，地球上的水源於彗星。但通過對岩石的研究，他發現地幔的林伍德石裏面也藏有水，這一發現表明或許在N個世紀之前，海洋是從地球內部自己慢慢溢出來的。
“I had a pretty hard time convincing others,” he admits. Yet two key pieces of evidence uncovered this year seem to support his point of view. Time will tell whether the new theories are true, and there may be further twists to the tale. “But thinking about the fact that you may be the first person to see something for the first time doesn’t happen very often,” he says. “When it does it’s thrilling.”
“那時候我難說服別的學者相信這個。”史蒂文說。但是今年新發現的兩個關鍵證據似乎支持了他的理論。所以，一個新理論的正確與否可能需要時間來慢慢印證，在被世人接受前可能會經歷很多曲折。“但是如果你發現你是第一個發現這個規律的人，且時間又證明你是對的之後，你會倍受鼓舞的。”史蒂文說。
Lesson three: It really is 99% perspiration
3.天才的99%確實是汗水
Sheila Nirenberg at Cornell University is trying to develop a new prosthetic device for treating blindness. Key to this was cracking the code that transmits information from the eye to the brain. “Once I realised this, I couldn’t eat, I couldn’t sleep – all I wanted to do was work,” says Nirenberg.
康奈爾大學希拉·尼倫伯格正在研究治療失明的新型假體，其中眼睛與大腦的信息交流密碼是最關鍵的。“我意識到這一點之後，就吃不下飯、睡不着覺，只想全身心投入工作。”尼倫伯格說。
“Sometimes I’m exhausted and I get burnt out,” she adds. “But then I get an email from somebody in crisis or somebody who’s getting macular degeneration, and they can’t see their own children’s faces, and it is like, ‘How can I possibly complain?’ It gives me the energy to just go back and keep doing it.”
“每次覺得筋疲力盡、江郎才盡的時候，我都會收到一些到正處於危險狀態馬上要失明的、或是患有黃斑部退化症的病人的郵件，這些人將沒辦法看清自己孩子的長相、無法看這五顏六色的世界。每當這個時候，我就跟自己說‘我怎麼能夠抱怨呢’，然後就又動力十足的繼續工作。”
Lesson four: The answer isn’t always what you expect
4.結果並不總是和預想的一樣
Sylvia Earle has spent decades trying to see the ocean with new eyes. Her “dream machine” is a submarine that could take scientists all the way to the bottom of the deepest ocean floor. What sort of material could best withstand the types of pressure you would encounter thousands of miles below the ocean surface? “It could be steel, it could be titanium, it could be some sort of ceramic, or some kind of aluminium system,” says Earle. “But glass is the ultimate material.” By her estimates, a glass sphere about four-to-six inches (10-15cm) thick should be able safely explore the ocean depths she dreams of exploring.
西爾維亞·厄爾花了幾十年的時間試圖讓人們用新的方式親近海底，她的“夢想號”潛艇可以讓科學家潛入到最深的海底。那種材料才能夠承受住深海的巨大壓力呢?厄爾說：“我想過用鋼、鈦、陶瓷等，但最終發現其實玻璃纔是終極王者。”根據她的預計，一塊10-15釐米厚的玻璃板就能讓她進入夢寐以求的那片深海世界。
Glass is the oldest material known to man and one of the least understood, says Tony Lawson, Earle’s engineering director at Deep Ocean and Exploration Research Marine. “It has a higgledy-piggledy molecular structure a bit like a liquid, rather than the ordered lattices often found in other solids. As a result, when glass is evenly squeezed from all sides – as it would be under the ocean – the molecules cram closer together and form a tighter structure.
厄爾的項目技術總監稱，雖然玻璃是人類已知的最古老材料，但是我們對它的瞭解卻甚少。“玻璃的分子結構有點像是液體，排列方式沒有一般固體的有規律。因此，當玻璃被海洋裏的壓力從四面八方壓迫時，它的分子會被壓在一起，形成更緊密的結構。”
Lesson five: A little luck goes a long way
5.偶爾的一點好運也可以維持很久
It was hailed as one of the biggest success stories in the history of space exploration – 20 years of planning ended earlier this year with the Philae lander rendezvousing with Comet 67P over 300 million miles (480 million kilometres) away from Earth.
菲萊探測器被譽爲太空探索史上最大跨越之一，歷經20年的策劃期終於在年初發射併成功在離地球四億八千萬公里的67P彗星上着陸。
The biggest challenge, says Stephan Ulamec, manager of the Philae lander programme, was how to design a probe to land on a body whose makeup they had little knowledge about. “We had no idea of the size, we had no idea of the day-night cycle, which influences the thermal design, we had no idea of the gravity, so how fast would the lander impact, we had no idea how the surface looked,” he says.
據菲萊項目的負責人斯蒂芬介紹，在這20年裏遇到的最大挑戰是對彗星構造瞭解較少，不知道該如何設計這個探測器。“我們不知道彗星的晝夜循環情況會影響保熱設計，不知道彗星的重力也無法預測探測器着陸後對轉速的影響，甚至不清楚彗星表面的樣子。”
They needed to create design parameters that could cope with an extremely wide range of possible comet structures – but banked on the comet being a relatively even potato shape with enough flat surfaces for the probe to land on. Even then, not everything went to plan, and two decades of meticulous planning could have failed within minutes at touchdown. Philae's anchoring harpoons didn't fire as planned, and it bounced off the comet before settling onto its icy surface and successfully beaming data back to its relieved creators.
科學家們需要建立儘可能符合多種彗星結構的設計參數，但是還是得寄希望於彗星的表面要夠平坦。可即便是花了20年設計、縝密計劃過的菲萊還是在着陸的幾分鐘裏有點小失敗：“魚叉”系統未如計劃打開，無法準確釘入彗星表面。不過幸運的是，菲萊還是成功地把數據發回了地球。
Lesson six: Genius is indefinable
6.“天才”定義不明
“It’s a funny word: the word ‘genius’,” says Nirenberg. “I just sort of ignore it and just go on with life. You just do what you do independent of whatever label’s attached to you. I don’t know really how else to explain it.”
“天才這個詞很有趣”，尼倫伯格說，“我常常忽略這個標籤繼續走自己的路。只需要拋掉別人在你身上貼的各種標籤做自己想做到的事就好了。因爲所謂天才真是判斷標準不一、無法解釋的事情。”
