英語美文摘抄帶翻譯欣賞

美文的朗讀不僅能讓學生培養良好的語言表達技能,還能在更深入地理解文本的過程中受到思想品德以及審美的教育。小編精心收集了英語美文摘抄帶翻譯，供大家欣賞學習!

　　英語美文摘抄帶翻譯：Archaeology

Archaeology is a source of history, not just a humble auxiliary discipline. Archaeological data are historical documents in their own right, not mere illustrations to written texts. Just as much as any other historian, an archaeologist studies and tries to reconstitute the process that has created the human world in which we live -- and us ourselves in so far as we are each creatures of our age and social environment. Archaeological data are all changes in the material world resulting from human action or, more succinctly, the fossilized results of human behavior. The sum total of these constitutes what may be called the archaeological record. This record exhibits certain peculiarities and deficiencies the consequences of which produce a rather superficial contrast between archaeological history and the more familiar kind based upon written records.

Not all human behavior fossilizes. The words I utter and you hear as vibrations in the air are certainly human changes in the material world and may be of great historical significance. Yet they leave no sort of trace in the archaeological records unless they are captured by a dictaphone or written down by a clerk. The movement of troops on the battlefield may "change the course of history," but this is equally ephemeral from the archaeologist's standpoint. What is perhaps worse, most organic materials are perishable. Everything made of wood, hide, wool, linen, grass, hair, and similar materials will decay and vanish in dust in a few years or centuries, save under very exceptional conditions. In a relatively brief period the archaeological record is reduced to mere scraps of stone, bone, glass, metal, and earthenware. Still modern archaeology, by applying appropriate techniques and comparative methods, aided by a few lucky finds from peat-bogs, deserts, and frozen soils, is able to fill up a good deal of the gap.

考古學

考古學是歷史學的一個來源，而不是地位卑微的輔助學科。 考古學資料本身也是一種歷史文獻，而不僅僅是文字資料的例證。 正象任何一位歷史學家那樣，考古學家研究調查並盡力去重構一個過程。 這個過程創造了我們生活的人類世界，也創造了我們自身，因爲我們都是我們所處的時代和社會環境的產物。 考古學的資料就是人類行爲所造成的物質變化。 更簡潔地說，是石化了的人類行爲。 這些變化的總和構成了我們所說的考古學記錄。

這些記錄自有其獨特和不足之處，因而導致人們對考古歷史和更熟悉的文字記載歷史進行相當膚淺的對比。並不是所有的人類行爲都留下化石。 我說的話，你通過空氣振動聽見，這當然是人類造成的物質變化，也可能有重大的歷史意義，但這些話在考古學中未留下絲毫痕跡，除非有人用錄音機錄下來或文書把這些話寫了下來。 戰場上軍隊的行動可能"改變歷史的進程"，但從考古學的觀點來看，這同樣是難以捕捉的;可能更糟的是，多數有機物質會腐爛。 任何由木頭、生皮、絨線、亞麻、草、毛髮以及相似物質做成的東西除非在一些非常特殊的條件下，幾年或幾個世紀以後，會在塵土中腐爛並消失。 在短時期內，能留下考古記錄的東西也都會退化爲石頭、骨頭、玻璃、金屬和陶器的碎片。 然而，現代考古學通過運用適當的技術和比較的方法，在從泥炭、沙漠和凍土中所獲得的一些幸運發現的輔助下，能夠填充這個空缺的很大部分。

　　英語美文摘抄帶翻譯：Bacteria

Bacteria are extremely small living things. While we measure our own sizes in inches orcentimeters, bacterial size is measured in microns. One micron is a thousandth of a millimeter:a pinhead is about a millimeter across. Rod-shaped bacteria are usually from two to fourmicrons long, while rounded ones are generally one micron in diameter. Thus if you enlarged arounded bacterium a thousand times, it would be just about the size of a pinhead. An adulthuman magnified by the same amount would be over a mile (1.6 kilometers) tall.

Even with an ordinary microscope, you must look closely to see bacteria. Using amagnification of 100 times, one finds that bacteria are barely visible as tiny rods or cannot make out anything of their structure. Using special stains, one can see that somebacteria have attached to them wavy-looking "hairs" called flagella. Others have only oneflagellum. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria through the water. Many bacteria lackflagella and cannot move about by their own power, while others can glide along over surfacesby some little-understood mechanism.

From the bacterial point of view, the world is a very different place from what it is to a bacterium water is as thick as molasses is to us. Bacteria are so small that they areinfluenced by the movements of the chemical molecules around them. Bacteria under themicroscope, even those with no flagella, often bounce about in the water. This is because theycollide with the water molecules and are pushed this way and that. Molecules move so rapidlythat within a tenth of a second the molecules around a bacterium have all been replaced bynew ones; even bacteria without flagella are thus constantly exposed to a changingenvironment.

細菌

細菌是極其微小的生物體。 我們用英寸或釐米來測量自己的大小，而測量細菌卻要用微米。 一微米等於千分之一毫米。 針頭直徑大約一毫米。 棒狀細菌通常有2～4 微米長，而圓形細菌的直徑一般只有 1 微米。 因此，即使你把一個圓形細菌放大1000 倍，它也不過一個針頭那麼大。 可是如果把一個成年人放大 1000 倍，就會變成 1 英里(或 1.6 公里) 多高。 用一般的顯微鏡觀察細菌時，你必須仔細觀察才能看見它們。 使用 100 倍的顯微鏡時，你會發現細菌不過是隱約可見的小細棒或小點點，而它們的結構你卻根本看不出來。使 用特殊的着色劑後，你會發現有的細菌上長着不少波狀的"毛髮"即鞭毛，而有的細菌只有一根鞭毛。 鞭毛的旋轉可以推動細菌在水中行進。 不少細菌沒有鞭毛，因而不能自己行進。還有些細菌卻能通過某些鮮爲人知的機制沿物體表面滑動。 我們所熟知的世界在細菌眼中完全是另一個樣子。 對於細菌來說，水就同糖漿之於人類一樣稠密。 細菌是如此的微小，周圍化學分子的一舉一動都會對它們產生影響。 在顯微鏡下，細菌，甚至包括那些沒有鞭毛的細菌，經常在水中跳來跳去。 這是因爲它們與水分子相撞後，被彈向各個方向。 分子移動很迅速，僅 0.1 秒之隔，一個細菌周圍的分子就會完全更新。 因此，即使是沒有鞭毛的細菌也暴露在一個不斷變化的環境中。

　　英語美文摘抄帶翻譯：Folk Cultures

A folk culture is a small isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly self-sufficient group that ishomogeneous in custom and race with a strong family or clan structure and highly developedrituals. Order is maintained through sanctions based in the religion or family and interpersonalrelationships are strong. Tradition is paramount, and change comes infrequently and slowly.

There is relatively little division of labor into specialized duties. Rather, each person is expectedto perform a great variety of tasks, though duties may differ between the sexes. Most goodsare handmade and subsistence economy prevails. Individualism is weakly developed in folkcultures as are social classes. Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized countriessuch as the United States and Canada. Perhaps the nearest modern equivalent in AngloAmerica is the Amish, a German American farming sect that largely renounces the products andlabor saving devices of the industrial age. In Amish areas, horse drawn buggies still serve as alocal transportation device and the faithful are not permitted to own automobiles. TheAmish's central religious concept of Demut "humility", clearly reflects the weakness ofindividualism and social class so typical of folk cultures and there is a corresponding strengthof Amish group identity. Rarely do the Amish marry outside their religion, a variety ofthe Mennonite faith, provides the principal mechanism for maintaining orders.

By contrast a popular culture is a large heterogeneous group often highly individualistic andconstantly changing. Relationships tend to be impersonal and a pronounced division oflabor exists, leading to the establishment of many specialized professions. Secularinstitutions of control such as the police and army take the place of religion and family inmaintaining order, and a money-based economy prevails. Because of these contrasts, "popular" may be viewed as clearly different from "folk". The popular is replacing the folk inindustrialized countries and in many developing nations. Folk-made objects give way to theirpopular equivalent, usually because the popular item is more quickly or cheaply produced, iseasier or time saving to use or leads more prestige to the owner.

民間文化

民間文化是小型的、孤立的、緊密的、保守的、近乎自給自足的羣體，具有同樣的習俗、同樣的人種和強有力的家庭或部族結構以及高度發展的宗教儀式。 秩序由宗教或家庭的約束來維持，成員間的關係非常緊密，傳統至高無上，很少有變動且變動緩慢。 勞動專業分工相對較少。 每個人都要做各類活計，儘管男女兩性分工不同。 絕大多數物品是手工製造的，經濟一般爲自給自足型。 個人主義和社會階層在民間文化羣體中的發展十分薄弱。在象美國和加拿大這樣的工業化國家裏，一成不變的民間文化羣體已不復存在了。在當代美洲的英語區，與民間文化最相似的羣體也許算是 Amish 。 Amish 是美國的德裔農耕部落，他們基本上拒絕接受工業時代的大多數產品和節省勞力的設施。 在Amish 地區，輕便馬車仍是當地的交通工具，信徒們不允許擁有汽車。 Amish 宗教中的核心觀念Demut 即謙卑典型地反映了在民間文化羣中個人主義和階級的不發達。 而與此同時，Amish 對羣體的認同性卻十分強。 Amish 人很少和他們宗派以外的人通婚。 其宗教，作爲Mennonite 信仰的一種，提供了維護秩序的主要機制。 相反，大衆文化是包含不同種族的大羣體，通常高度個性化而且不斷在變化。 人際關係冷漠，勞動分工明確，由此產生了許多專門的職業。

世俗的控制機構，比如警察和軍隊，取代了宗教和家庭來維持秩序，而且實行的是貨幣經濟。由於存在着這些差異，"大衆的"與"民間的"可謂大相徑庭。 在工業化國家以及許多發展中國家裏，大衆文化正在取代民間文化。 民間製造的物品正讓位於大衆化產品，這通常是因爲大衆化的物品製造起來更快、更便宜，用起來更容易、更方便或者是能給其所有者帶來更多的威望。

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