個人理財入門，你需要先做到這5步

Learning to set investment goals is one of the most important things you can do as a new investor because it helps you keep track of where you have been, where you are, and where you are going as it pertains to your personal finances and your journey to financial independence.

作爲一名投資新手，學會設定投資目標是你能做的最重要的事情之一，因爲這有助於你追蹤去過哪裏、現在在哪裏以及將來會去哪裏，這關係到你的個人財務狀況和你通往財務自由之旅。 

Here are the first 5 questions you need to ask yourself when setting investment goals for financial independence.

以下是在設定財務獨立性的投資目標時你首先需要問自己的5個問題：

1．What is “your number”? 

“你的數字”是多少？

In order to reach financial independence from your portfolio, how much monthly passive income would it require if you were to withdraw no more than 3 percent to 4 percent of the principal value each year? 

爲了從你的投資組合中實現財務獨立，如果你每年提取不超過本金價值的3 %到4 %，每月需要多少被動收入？

That is the amount of money it would take if you wanted to live off your capital without having to sell your time to someone else while enjoying your desired standard of living.

這就是如果你想要靠自己的資本生活，而且是在沒有把時間賣給別人的同時享受你想要的生活水平時所需要的金額。

2． What is your risk tolerance?

你的風險承受能力如何？

No matter how successful you are or how much money you amass, some people are wired in a way that fluctuations in their portfolio’s market value leads to enormous levels of emotional misery. [/en

無論多麼成功或積攢了多少錢，有些人總會因爲他們投資組合市場價值的波動而導致巨大的情緒痛苦。

[en]They’d rather end up with less money in the future, and enjoy a lower rate of compounding, but have a smoother ride. 

他們寧願將來少賺一點錢，享受更低的複利率，但是生活更平穩。

Learning to be honest with yourself about where you fall on that spectrum is a big part of fiscal maturity. For example, though it can put you at a significant disadvantage under most circumstances, you don’t have to own stocks to build wealth. 

學會誠實地面對自己的處境是財務成熟的重要組成部分。例如，雖然在大多數情況下，低風險的理財方式可能使你處於明顯的劣勢，但你不必因爲通過持有股票來積累財富而膽戰心驚。

3．How do your moral and ethical values influence your portfolio management strategy? 

你的道德和倫理價值觀如何影響你的投資組合管理戰略？

Do you plan on spending all of your capital during your lifetime or do you desire to leave behind a financial legacy for your heirs and beneficiaries? 

你是打算在有生之年花掉所有的財產，還是想爲你的繼承人和受益人留下一筆遺產？

If you spend through your capital, it means you’ll be able to enjoy a higher withdrawal rate than you could support otherwise. 

如果你把你所有的資金都用在理財上，這意味着你可以享受比你能所需的更高的提現率。

If you don’t, you’ll get to take a small cut of the stream of passive income from your holdings but the principal should grow over time, provided it is prudently managed, serving as what effectively amounts to an endowment. 

如果不這麼做，你可以從所持有的被動收入中抽取一小部分，但是隻要管理得當，本金應該隨着時間增長，也可以用來作爲有效的養老金。

4. Will you limit your investments to your home country or expand globally? 

你會把投資限制在國內，還是在擴大至全球？

Despite the uptick in nationalism that has occurred beginning in the year 2016, the forces of globalization are real, they are powerful, and they mean than anyone with access to a brokerage account can become an owner of firms throughout the world.

儘管從2016年開始，民族主義有所上升，但全球化的力量是真實而強大的，這意味着任何擁有經紀賬戶的人都能成爲全世界公司的所有者。

You can be a teacher in California and watch money come in from your holdings in Canada and France. 

你可以在加利福尼亞當一名教師，看着錢從你加拿大和法國的股份中入賬。

While this introduces additional risks of permanent capital loss, as well as other risks such as currency risk and political risk, it also offers greater diversification and potential exposure to market performance that may turn out to be better on a risk-adjusted basis than that which would have been available from a domestic portfolio alone.

雖然這可能會引起永久性資本損失的額外風險，以及貨幣、政治等其他方面的風險，但它也提供了更大的多樣化以及潛在的市場表現，如此一來，在風險調整基礎上可能就比單獨投資於國內要好。

5．What is motivating you to achieve financial independence? 

是什麼促使你實現財務獨立？

While some people are natural savers—they tend to accumulate without really needing a reason to do so as they live below their means and don’t really know what to do with the difference—most people are driven by some primary or secondary motivation that causes them to pile up capital. 

有些人是天生的儲蓄者——他們往往不需要任何理由就能積累起財富來，因爲他們的生活綽綽有餘，他們也不知道該如何處理這種差異。但是大多數人都是在一些主要或次要動機的驅使下而積累了大量資本。 

It is extraordinarily important that you look within yourself and honestly answer the question, “Why?”. 

重要的是，你要審視自己並誠實地回答這個問題：“爲什麼？”。

Why are you compelled to save? 

你爲什麼必須要存錢?

What makes you want to invest rather than spending or donating the money that is flowing through your hands? 

是什麼讓你想投資，而不是花掉或捐出你手中的錢？

Often, by getting to the heart of that question, you can better design your portfolio to achieve whatever it is you are really pursuing.

通常，通過深入瞭解問題的核心，你就可以更好地設計你的投資組合，以實現你真正追求的目標。

（翻譯：雅蘭）