求職如何跨越"沒有行業經驗"的障礙

Lack of industry-specific experience is going to make it tough to get hired, even though you're highly regarded in the previous field. I know people do manage to move from one industry to another, but how do they do it?
如果沒有行業經驗，要跨行找到工作可能很困難，即使你在原來的工作領域擁有較高的聲譽。我知道有人成功從一個行業跳到了另外一個行業，但他們是如何做到的？

In face, your lack of industry experience isn't insurmountable. Finding a job is just going to take a lot more focused effort than it would if you weren't making the switch. Augustine recommends a three-step approach:
事實上，缺乏從業經驗並不是難以克服的障礙。只不過相比繼續從事之前的行業，你需要付出更多的努力。奧古斯丁建議採取“三步走”的策略：

1. Tap your network. Of course, every job seeker has to do this, but you need to cast the widest possible net. "Reach out to anyone you know on LinkedIn, or from your college fraternity or alumni association, or former vendors, clients, and colleagues," Augustine says. Don't discount relatives, neighbors, or anyone else you meet in your new city: "Even if they don't work in the industry you're trying to get into, you never know who they know."
1. 充分利用自己的人脈。誠然，每一位求職者都會這麼做，但你需要撒出儘可能多的網。奧古斯丁說：“聯繫你在LinkedIn上面認識的所有人，或者大學兄弟會或校友會裏的朋友，或者之前的供應商、客戶和同事。”別忘了自己的親戚、鄰居或你在新城市遇到的其他任何人。“就算他們並不在你打算求職的行業內工作，可誰知道他們還會認識什麼樣的人呢？”

The goal is to find people with whom you can do informational interviews -- not asking for a job, but finding out as much as you can about what's happening in your target industry and where your skills might fit. If you can wow one or two of these folks with your talents, it may get you in the door: Our research has shown that you're 10 times more likely to be hired without industry experience if you have a referral from someone on the inside who will be in your corner.
目標是找到你可以進行信息性面試的人，而不是請求一份工作。要通過他們儘可能瞭解你的目標行業，以及你的能力會否有用武之地等。如果你能用自己的才能打動其中的一兩位，或許就能爲你打開進入這個行業的大門。我們的調查顯示，如果有業內知情人士願意當你的推薦人，那麼沒有從業經驗被聘用的可能性要提高十倍以上。

2. Research, research, research. "Often, you can sell your achievements based on what a given company is going through at the moment," says Augustine. "For instance, if a potential employer is doing a major restructuring, and you have experience with making that work, say so in your cover letter and, on your resume, emphasize your role in a similar restructuring. The point is to find common ground between your past successes and what an employer needs right now."
2. 調查研究。奧古斯丁表示：“通常情況下，你可以根據一家公司當前的現狀來宣傳自己的成就。比如，如果潛在僱主正在進行大規模重組，而你恰好有這方面的經驗，你便可以在求職信和簡歷裏強調自己在類似重組工作中的作用。重點是找出自己以往成功經歷與僱主當前的需求之間的共同點。”

Obviously, figuring that out will take lots of detailed study -- online, in the trade press, on each company's website, and in public documents like annual reports. "Set up Google alerts for the company and for keywords that are important in the industry," Augustine suggests. "In your cover letter, and later in an interview, it makes a great impression if you can offer insightful comments and ask smart questions about current industry trends and things the company is doing."
很明顯，要明確僱主的需求必須進行大量細緻的研究——比如在線研究、行業刊物、公司網站，以及年報等公開資料等。奧古斯丁建議：“針對目標公司和行業內重要的關鍵字，設置谷歌提醒。在求職信和後續的面試當中，如果你能提出建設性的意見，而且對於行業當前趨勢與公司的業務能夠提出明智的問題，必然會給僱主留下深刻的印象。”

Pay particular attention to each company's culture. "Often an employer's web page, their tweets, and even their Facebook page can give you a sense of their corporate personality and how they see themselves," notes Augustine. "It matters. In most interviews for management jobs, we've found, only about 20% of the discussion is centered on specific skills. The other 80% is all about how well you'll fit into the team and the overall culture."
尤其要注意每家公司的文化。奧古斯丁說：“通常情況下，僱主的網頁、Twitter和Facebook頁面能夠讓你瞭解公司的個性和他們對自己的看法。這一點很重要。在大多數管理職位的面試中，我們發現僅有20%的討論會集中在特定的技能上。另外80%都是關於求職者如何融入團隊和總體文化。”

3. Be enthusiastic and willing to learn. "The right attitude can motivate a hiring manager to take a chance on a candidate despite lack of industry experience," says Augustine. "You want to emphasize that, although you do come from a different business, you've studied theirs thoroughly, and you're eager to keep learning more about it."
3. 充滿熱情，樂於學習。奧古斯丁表示：“正確的心態能激發招聘經理的興趣，使他們願意冒險給沒有從業經驗的求職者一次機會。你需要重點強調，雖然你來自不同行業，但你也一直在研究他們的行業，而且你迫切希望繼續學習。”

As with so many things, making this kind of jump gets easier the more times you do it. Augustine has seen some job candidates who have spent their whole careers hopping from one industry to another -- and who turn their adaptability into a selling point: "It's a little ironic, but people who have already made the leap from one industry to another a few times, and been successful at it, can point to that and say, 'I've adapted and added value in a different business before, and I'm looking forward to doing it again.'"
與其他許多事情一樣，所謂“熟能生巧”。奧古斯丁曾接觸過許多求職者，他們整個職業生涯都在不同行業之間跳槽——而且他們甚至把自己的適應能力作爲了一個賣點：“這有點諷刺，但那些成功完成過許多次跨行業跳槽的人可以說：‘我之前適應了不同行業，還給這些行業增加了價值，所以我很期待再來一次。’”