隔行如隔山？教你成功轉行的6大策略

Carolyn Hughes, a vice president at career site , puts it bluntly: "In this job market, it's not at all unusual for a hiring manager to be looking at a pile of 200 resumes for each opening. Some of those candidates are going to have exactly the industry experience they're looking for. So if yours doesn't, why shouldn't they throw it out?" Gulp.
職位搜索網站副總裁卡洛琳-休斯坦承：“當前的招聘市場，每個空缺職位都會收到將近200份求職簡歷，這對於招聘經理來說是司空見慣的事。而且，從業經驗與招聘職位對口的求職者也不乏其人。因此，如果你的簡歷並沒有反映這種優勢，招聘經理有什麼理由不將你淘汰出局？”

But wait! Before you throw in the towel on trying to change careers, consider these six tried-and-true methods. One of them, or some combination, might get you where you want to go.
彆着急！在宣判跳槽計劃失敗之前，不妨對以下6項策略仔細斟酌一番。實踐證明，這6項策略確實屢試不爽。也許其中的某一招或者其中某幾項的組合拳，就可以讓你成功實現轉行。

temping. Since you're at a disadvantage without industry experience, Hughes says, an obvious solution is to get some. "Sign on with a temp agency that specializes in the field you want to enter," she suggests. "You'll probably have to take a step down in pay, but it gives you the chance to prove yourself. The important thing is to get a foot in the door."
1.打短工積累經驗：休斯表示，跳槽卻不具備期望行業的相關經驗，無疑會讓自己處於不利境地。最簡單的解決辦法就是獲得相關經驗。“簽約一家專門從事此領域的臨時工服務中介公司，”她建議道。“這樣做也許工資會大幅縮水，但是卻獲得了一個證明自己的機會，何樂而不爲呢？最重要的是得先入行。”

Hughes knows whereof she speaks. Fifteen years ago, she was selling advertising for a newspaper in southern California, but "I saw all these tech companies springing up, and I really wanted to get into one" she says.
休斯的這番話可謂經驗之談。15年前，她在南加利福尼亞州爲一家報紙銷售廣告。但是“目睹科技公司如雨後春筍般涌現，我不禁心生嚮往，由衷地希望能進入這個行業。”她說。

So she researched which temp agencies supplied staffers to tech firms in and around Santa Barbara, quit her newspaper job, and made the move. A series of short-term assignments gave her enough experience to launch her current career in high-tech human resources.
通過調查，休斯找出那些爲聖巴巴拉市周邊科技公司提供職員的臨時工服務中介，之後她辭掉了報社的工作，開始按計劃行動。通過從事一系列的短期工作，她積累了足夠的經驗，最終如願踏入高科技人力資源領域。

ready to talk up your portable skills."What have you done well that a different type of employer might be able to use?" asks Don Marotto, a managing director at career development firm Impact Group who often counsels executive career changers. "If you've succeeded in sales, customer service, or business analysis in any industry, you can do it almost anywhere else."
2.大力推銷 “通用技能”：職業發展諮詢公司Impact Group總經理唐-馬羅託經常爲有意改行的高管提供建議。他問他們：“你擅長的領域中，有哪些技能對其他行業僱傭者來說同樣適用？例如，有些人擅長某行業的銷售、客戶服務或營業分析等工作，那麼這些人無論跳槽到哪個行業，這些技能都是通用的。”

Even if not, he adds, "Most people have more transferable skills than they think they have." The key is to identify yours, then practice putting them in terms a prospective employer can easily recognize. Consider, for example, how Stacey Hilton moved from a job as a TV news reporter and anchor in Augusta, Ga., to a new career in public relations in Raleigh, N.C.
即便不是這樣，他補充說，“大部分人所具備的‘通用技能’往往比自己想象的要多。”我們首先要做的就是找出這些技能，學着用潛在僱主容易接受的語言展示這些技能。舉例來說，史黛絲-希爾頓之前在美國緬因州首府奧古斯塔從事電視新聞記者及新聞主播工作，而現在她在北卡羅來納州首府羅利正體驗着公共關係領域一個全新的職業。她是怎樣成功轉行的呢？

"As a news anchor, I was responsible for a team of people and what we put on the air each day. In PR, they call that a project manager," Hilton says. "So I tailored my resume accordingly, and played up specific ways my TV experiences would make me great at PR." It took six months, but Hilton got her dream job as an account manager at 919 Marketing.
希爾頓說：“作爲一名新聞主播，我不僅要指導團隊的工作，而且要負責每天的播報內容；這在公共關係領域被稱爲項目經理。據此，我的簡歷也做了相應的調整，突出強調爲什麼我在電視新聞領域的工作經驗使我同樣能夠勝任公共關係領域的工作。”儘管耗費了她六個月的時間，但希爾頓最終完成了事業的華麗轉身，獲得了營銷、諮詢與公共關係公司 919 Marketing客戶經理一職。

back to school. Taking courses in your chosen field not only teaches you the business and introduces you to new people, but "the classes count as experience on your resume, since you're learning the business," says Marc Dorio, author of several career books including The Complete Idiot's Guide to Getting the Job You Want.
3.重返校園：學習相關課程不僅能夠獲得目標領域的相關知識，結識新朋友，而且“可以把這項經歷作爲相關經驗寫入簡歷，因爲這是學習此領域知識的證明，”馬克-多里奧說。馬克-多里奧是暢銷書《完美傻瓜指南之求職》的作者。

Dorio knows a thing or two firsthand about changing careers: He started out as a Roman Catholic priest and superintendent of Catholic high schools, before returning to college for graduate degrees in organizational behavior and industrial psychology. Those credentials -- plus his transferable experience in team-building and counseling -- led to his being hired by a consulting firm. He now runs his own coaching and consulting company, with Fortune 500 clients like Merck and Johnson & Johnson.
多里奧在這方面頗有經驗：起初，作爲天主教神父的多里奧同時兼任天主教一所高中的主管。後來，他重返校園，攻讀組織行爲及工業心理學碩士學位。這些資歷以及他掌握的團隊組織及諮詢等通用技能讓他成功地進入一家諮詢公司工作。如今，多里奧開辦了自己的指導和諮詢公司，擁有衆多客戶，其中不乏財富500強企業，如默克公司及強生公司等。ork, network, network. When she first moved to Raleigh, Stacey Hilton recalls, "I started cold calling anyone and everyone, from PR firms to police department media relations teams, even if I knew they weren't hiring. It was a chance to meet people, hand off my resume, and hope they would remember my face if an opening came up."
4.人脈，人脈，還是人脈：史黛絲-希爾頓回憶說，一到羅利，“我就開始給人打電話，儘管我們從未謀面。從公關公司到警察局媒體關係團隊，包括某些沒有任何招聘計劃的公司，無一例外。不管怎麼說，只有這樣纔有機會見到負責招聘的人，親手遞交求職簡歷。我希望當這些公司出現空缺職位時，他們能想起我。”

Smart. But don't forget to look close to home as well. Steffan Kammerer launched a career as a web developer while still an intern at the University of Washington in Seattle, then worked full-time in the field for three years before deciding about a year ago that it just wasn't for him. "I have the wrong personality for sitting in front of a computer all day. I like human interaction," he says.
這種做法確實聰明。但同時還有一點不容忽視——也許在你的身邊就蘊藏着大量機會。史蒂芬-凱默若還是西雅圖華盛頓大學的實習生時，就以網站開發者的身份開始了自己的職業生涯；然後，在此領域全職工作了三年時間；直到大約一年前，他終於意識到這份工作並不適合自己。“整天坐在電腦前並不符合我的性格。我更喜歡與人打交道。”

So he started thinking about a sales job. Several family members and their friends were in commercial real estate in Kammerer's hometown of Palo Alto, where the market for office space is booming. A friend of a relative knew of an opening for a leasing associate at the local office of global real estate firm Jones Lang Lasalle and referred Kammerer for an interview.
於是，他開始考慮跨行從事銷售工作。當時，凱默若的家鄉帕洛阿爾託對辦公場地的市場需求正在迅速擴大，而他的幾位家人和朋友就在當地的房地產行業工作。一位親戚的朋友瞭解到全球房地產公司仲量聯行在當地辦事處有一租賃專員的空缺，就立即通知凱默若前去面試。

He got the job, and loves it. "All I did was ask around to see if anyone knew of anything," he says. "Sometimes it really is who you know, and how well you know them."
最終他獲得了這份工作，並且樂在其中。“我當時所做的只是向周圍的人打聽了一下有沒有相關招聘信息，”他說，“有時候，求職完全取決於你所認識的人以及你們之間的熟悉程度。”

for the right match. Big-company denizens looking to change careers often overlook smaller firms, including startups, notes Carolyn Hughes. That's a mistake. "Big companies usually have more rigid job descriptions," she says. "Your best bet might be companies with between 100 and 300 employees, which are big enough to have opportunities but small enough that individual roles are more broad, fluid, and flexible."
5.不選大的，只選對的。卡洛琳-休斯指出，大公司裏準備跳槽的員工往往會忽視小企業的價值，如初創企業等，這種做法是錯誤的。她說：“大公司的招聘條件往往更加嚴格。員工規模在100至300人的公司是首選，這樣規模的公司能夠提供足夠多的機會，同時員工個體角色的定位相對來說也更加寬泛、多變且靈活。”

Marc Dorio agrees: "Employers are not all the same. Some want a specific background and set of experiences, but others define jobs more creatively and are interested in how you present your own approach to the work." Dorio coached one former financial analyst who was hired by a market research firm because "they liked the way he proposed to apply his financial acumen to the role. It added a different dimension."
馬克-多里奧對此表示贊同，並補充道：“企業老闆的想法五花八門。一些老闆希望員工具有特定領域的背景及相關經驗；而另一些可能對職位的定義更具創造性，對求職者如何展開工作更感興趣。”多里奧曾指導過一位財務分析師，現在就職於一家市場研究公司。他之所以能獲得這份工作，是因爲“他具有較高的財務敏感度，而且有意將之運用到市場研究領域。這種思路拓展了市場調研的維度。”

Some employers actually prefer people who, lacking industry experience, are also free of the bad habits and stale thinking that experience can engender. "We don't pay much attention to industry-specific experience," says Kenneth Wisnefski, founder and CEO of WebiMax, a search-optimization company in Mount Laurel, N.J. "We train them to become the type of employees we want." WebiMax has more than doubled its headcount so far in 2011, from 70 to 150.
事實上，還存在着這樣一類僱傭者，他們更青睞於缺乏經驗的求職者，因爲這類求職者顯然還未沾染上業內的某些壞習慣及陳腐思想。“是否具備行業經驗並不是我們關注的重點，”肯尼斯-維斯尼夫斯基說。“我們會把他們培養成爲我們需要的員工類型。”肯尼斯-維斯尼夫斯基在美國新澤西州月桂山市創辦了自己的搜索引擎優化公司WebiMax，並擔任CEO一職。

trying. "Don't be afraid to knock on doors and tell people why you would be valuable in their company," Stacey Hilton says. "My boss tells me that what finally won her over was my persistence. I would call her every week to see if they were hiring yet -- but without crossing the line into being annoying."
6.勇於不斷嘗試。“不要畏懼，要勇敢地主動上門，告訴僱主你對於他們的價值所在。”史黛絲-希爾頓建議。“我的老闆告訴我，正是我當時的堅持最終征服了她。記得當時，我每週都會打電話向她確認他們是否在招聘新人——當然也不能做得太過火，否則就該被當成是騷擾了。”