10位殘暴的優秀導演(上)

Film directors aren't necessarily supposed to be nice. As long as they're making profitable products for their studio or accomplishing their creative vision, their work is technically complete. But nonetheless, some directors have seemingly gone out of their way to be as mean as possible, gaining a reputation among actors, crew people, and in popular culture as difficult to work with. These are the directors who, for whatever reason, treated their actors poorly on-set.

電影導演只要拍出好作品，爲他們的工作室贏利，或者實現他們自己的創意想法，那他們的工作在技術層面上就算完成了，所以電影導演沒必要非得是個好人。但是，有些導演真的太刻薄了，以至於演員、電影工作人員，甚至大衆文化圈都知道他們很難共事。以下列出的導演，都曾在片場“虐待”過他們的演員。

iam Friedkin

10.威廉·弗萊德金

Following up his success with 1971's The French Connection, William Friedkin made the terrifying film classic The Exorcist in 1973. The film proved to be even more successful than his previous work, being nominated for ten Academy Awards and winning two.

1971年，威廉·弗萊德金憑電影《法國販毒網》大獲成功，1973年，他又創作出了經典恐怖電影《驅魔人》，《驅魔人》比他以前的作品更成功，入圍奧斯卡十項獎項的提名，並獲得了其中兩個獎項。

Most of the performances seen in the final product weren't achieved without help from Friedkin. Taking after D.W. Griffith's directing style, Friedkin would do various things to influence actors' emotions for a particular scene. He would fire real guns behind them to mimic the effects of being startled and slapped William O'Malley right before filming to get a sincere reaction (the result of which is still seen in the film).

如果沒有弗萊德金的指導，成片裏的大多數表演就不會這麼精彩。弗萊德金的導戲風格類似於大衛·格里菲斯，他會採取各種各樣的方法影響特定情境下演員的情緒。他會在他們身後開真槍，以此讓他們受驚嚇的樣子更真實，還會在拍攝之前掌摑威廉·歐·馬裏，以拍下他的真實反應，這個反應最後保留在了影片裏。

These being before the days of CG, for the effect of Regan's cold room, the stage was chilled below freezing, causing the crew members' perspiration to freeze. Linda Blair, the actress who played Regan, wore only a nightgown for the duration of the shoot and says she still can't bear being cold.

在做CG特效之前，爲了模擬麗根房間的冰冷，佈景溫度被設置到冰點以下，工作人員的汗水都結成了冰。拍攝期間，麗根的扮演者琳達·布萊爾只穿了一件睡衣，並表示這實在是太冷了。

But perhaps the worst on-set occurrence at the hands of Friedkin was in the scene where Ellen Burstyn's character gets thrown back by a demonic force. The effect was achieved via a rope harness, which violently pulled the actress backward, resulting in a permanent spinal injury.

但是弗萊德金執導過程中最慘的片場事故應該是艾倫·波士汀受傷事件，當時艾倫·波士汀所扮演的角色需要被一股“邪惡力量”扔出去，爲了影片效果，這位女演員被套上了繩套，猛烈地往後拉，最終導致她永久性脊柱損傷。

The Exorcist is nonetheless cemented as one of the most frightening horror films to date.

迄今爲止，《驅魔人》仍然是最可怕的恐怖電影之一。

cis Ford Coppola

9.弗朗西斯·福特·科波拉

Although this influential director's main claim to fame is likely his magnum opus, the Godfather series, Francis Ford Coppola's 1979 film Apocalypse Now was also highly regarded. But like many of the films featured on this list, it all came at a price.

這位頗有影響力的導演弗朗西斯·福特·科波拉，因他的傑作——《教父》系列而聞名於世，當然，他1979年的電影作品《現代啓示錄》也廣受稱道。但是和這篇文章裏提到的許多電影一樣，《現代啓示錄》的成功也來之不易。

The production was plagued from the beginning. It took multiple tries before Martin Sheen was hired as the lead, Coppola was writing the script as he went, and the shoot in the jungle was hellish, resulting in many crew catching various illnesses.

電影的創作從一開始就遇到很多問題。經過多方考量之後，馬丁·辛被選爲主演，科波拉按着自己的想法寫劇本，在叢林裏拍攝影片，當時的拍攝環境跟地獄一樣，很多工作人員感染上了各種疾病。

Sheen suffered in various ways. In an opening scene, his character punches a mirror and rubs the blood on his face in a drunken stupor. This was real and largely prompted by Coppola's psychological manipulation of the actor, telling him, "You're evil. I want all the evil, the violence, the hatred in you to come out." Coppola also kept Sheen drunk and locked in the hotel for two days.

辛承受了各種各樣的困苦，開場的場景裏，他扮演的角色要用拳頭用力捶打鏡子，然後醉醺醺地把血擦到臉上。這個場景就真的被還原了，科波拉對演員的心理進行了操縱，告訴他：“你是個惡魔。我希望你把內心所有的邪惡，暴力，和仇恨都發泄出來。”科波拉還讓辛不停喝酒，保持醉酒的狀態，還把他在酒店鎖了兩天。

The making of the film seemed to mimic the character of Kurtz and his slow descent into insanity as actors went on crazed drug binges with too much free time on their hands. Dennis Hopper was practically paid in cocaine and alcohol, monsoons put people in danger, a prop person put actual dead bodies in a group of fake ones, and Sheen suffered a heart attack in the jungle, something he was convinced meant he was dying.

影片中的角色庫爾茲陷入瘋狂，電影製作似乎也是這樣，演員因爲有太多空閒時間開始瘋狂地濫用藥物。丹尼斯·霍珀可卡因上癮並酗酒，季風一度讓人們陷入危險，道具組把真人的屍體混進了假人裏，辛在叢林中突發心臟病，他當時覺得自己快死了。

Coppola himself was fraught with the stress of the project. By the shoot's end, he'd lost 45 kilograms (100 lb), had an epileptic seizure, and attempted suicide multiple times. The project that was projected to be six weeks long turned to 16 months, and despite the final film's critical acclaim, a documentary on the hellish filming process was released in 1991, titled Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse.

科波拉自己也承受着這個項目帶來的巨大壓力。拍攝結束時，他瘦了45公斤，癲癇病發作，多次自殺未遂。該項目本計劃6周完成，最後花了16個月，當然，最後這部電影備受好評。1991年發佈了一部紀錄片，記錄了這部電影地獄般的拍攝過程，名爲《黑暗之心：一個電影人的啓示錄》。

ael Bay

8.邁克爾·貝

While not risking the lives of his cast as much as Coppola, infamous action movie director Michael Bay has had complaints about him made before.

臭名昭著的動作片導演邁克爾·貝雖然沒有像科波拉那樣讓自己的演員冒着生命危險拍電影，但他也被很多人抱怨過。

Perhaps the most notorious controversy came from Megan Fox's feud with and comments on Michael Bay as director, having worked with him on the first two films of the Transformers franchise. She told Wonderland magazine that Bay was a tyrant on-set and a nightmare to work for, giving her directions like, "Just be sexy," and making the two leads do dangerous stunt work. Bay initially took the comments in stride, but after Steven Spielberg discovered Fox compared Bay to both Napoleon and Hitler, Bay fired her from the franchise at Spielberg's behest.

他之所以臭名昭著、充滿爭議大概是源於梅根·福克斯對他的不滿及對他作爲導演的評價，福克斯曾和他合作過《變形金剛》系列的前兩部。她在《Wonderland》雜誌的採訪中說，貝在片場就是一個暴君，和他共事簡直就是噩夢，他會在給她導戲時說“你得性感一點”之類的話，還讓兩個主演做危險的特技表演。貝起初不把這些評論當回事，但是當史蒂文·斯皮爾伯格發現福克斯把貝比作拿破崙和希特勒之後，貝就在斯皮爾伯格的授意下不再讓福克斯參演《變形金剛》系列。

This wasn't the first example of Bay's sexist interactions with female actors, according to Kate Beckinsale, who played a lead in his 2001 blockbuster Pearl Harbor. While Bay had nothing but good comments for his two male leads, Ben Affleck and Josh Hartnett, he would openly say Beckinsale "wasn't so attractive that she would alienate the female audience."

而這還不是貝第一次歧視女性演員，他2001年的大片《珍珠港》的主演凱特·貝金賽爾就可以證明。貝對他的兩個男主角本·阿弗萊克和喬什·哈奈特讚不絕口，卻公開說貝金塞爾“並不是很迷人，這樣就更容易得到女性觀衆的青睞”（邁克爾·貝認爲女性觀衆在看到太漂亮的女主演時會覺得很困擾）。

Bay's on-set actions with notably volatile actor Shia LeBeouf were unreasonable and enough to send the two over the edge. Similarly, after comments by Hugo Weaving were made about his role in the Transformers series (which he felt was "meaningless") Bay retorted insultingly, stating, "Be happy you even have a job—let alone a job that pays you more than 98% of people in America."

貝在片場對演員希亞·拉博夫的行爲都很不合理，而希亞這個人也比較善變，最後兩人不歡而散。雨果·維文曾對自己在《變形金剛》中的角色發表評論，他覺得自己的角色“毫無意義”，貝反駁並侮辱他：“你該爲自己擁有這份工作而感到高興，你的工資比美國98%的人都高！”

It isn't very surprising that the man who brought us the Transformers films and Pearl Harbor is more concerned with visual appeal and money than treating actors well.

很明顯，這個創造出《變形金剛》和《珍珠港》的男人更關注視覺上的吸引力和金錢，而不是怎麼對待演員。

er Herzog

7.沃納·赫爾佐格

German actor Klaus Kinski was well-known for having numerous tirades on set and being a general hothead. It is surprising, then, that the partnership between Kinski and director Werner Herzog proved both turbulent and highly successful.

大家都知道德國演員克勞斯·金斯基喜歡在片場長篇大論，且性子急。所以金斯基和導演沃納·赫爾佐格關係很好還挺讓人驚訝的，他們的合作詮釋了什麼叫湍流之中的巨大成功。

The director's and actor's relationship was well-documented in Herzog's 1999 documentary My Best Fiend, portraying not only the antics of Kinski but of Herzog as well. Amid several fights with his lead, Herzog on one occasion held Kinski at gunpoint and threatened to kill him and then himself if he left the set. Kinski complied.

赫爾佐格1999年的紀錄片《我最好的朋友》記錄了他們的關係，刻畫出了兩人的各種滑稽舉動。他們打過好幾次架，有次赫爾佐格用槍指着金斯基，威脅他說，要是他離開片場就開槍打死他然後自殺。金斯基只能妥協。

Being a documentarian, Herzog doesn't like the confines of studio spaces to shoot his films and prefers the unpredictability and danger of shooting on-location. He's gone to extraordinary lengths for realism, recreating the hellish conditions of being captured by the Viet Cong for 1998's Little Dieter Needs to Fly and practically torturing Christian Bale for 2006's Rescue Dawn. These are small feats for the man who has dragged a 320-ton steamship up a hill and filmed inside a volcano before eruption for his films.

赫爾佐格作爲一個紀錄片導演，他不喜歡在工作室有限的空間裏拍電影，他喜歡外景拍攝所帶來的未知和危險。他會爲了達到逼真的效果去到很遠的地方，所以1997年《小小迪特想要飛》完美再現了越共地獄般的條件，演員克里斯蒂安·貝爾也因此在2006年《重見天日》拍攝過程中飽受折磨。不過這些對赫爾佐格都是小菜一碟，畢竟他曾經把一艘320噸重的汽輪拖上了一座山，還曾經在火山爆發之前在火山內部拍他的電影。

The difference between Herzog and many directors on this list is that Herzog would do many of the things he asked of the actors before they did, leading to injuries and multiple malaria infections for the director. Now that's determination.

赫爾佐格與這個名單上的許多導演還是有區別的，他會在要求演員做某些事之前自己先試一試，所以他自己受了很多傷，還感染過瘧疾。

n Polanski

6.羅曼·波蘭斯基

Roman Polanski is one of the more sympathetic directors on this list. He's been through several hardships in his life, including surviving the Holocaust as a Polish-Jewish boy and having his wife and unborn child tragically murdered by the Manson Family in 1969. However, Polanski, being a perfectionist and visionary director, didn't mix well with actress Faye Dunaway during the filming of 1974's Chinatown.

在這個名單裏，羅曼·波蘭斯基算是比較討人喜歡的導演之一。他經歷過很多磨難，比如，作爲波蘭猶太人，他在孩童時期經歷過納粹大屠殺，1969年曼森家族殺害了他的妻子和未出世的孩子。但是這位完美主義且富有遠見的導演波蘭斯基，卻在他1974年的電影《唐人街》拍攝過程中與女演員費·唐納薇結下樑子。

Their on-set feud began with Dunaway's appearance. Polanski modeled the actress's look after his late mother. When a makeup person was working on Dunaway, Polanski vetoed the design and covered her face in powder. At one point, when asked for motivation, Polanski replied, "Say the f—ing words, your salary is your motivation." Dunaway understandably didn't like his style and called him "domineering," "abrasive," and an "autocrat," while Jack Nicholson remarked, "Roman's an irritating person whether he's making a movie or not making a movie."

他們的爭執始於唐納薇的外形設定。化妝師給唐納薇化妝時，波蘭斯基否定了他的設計，並要求把唐納薇化妝成自己已故母親的樣子。但被問及原因時，波蘭斯基回答說：“這他媽有什麼好說的，你的薪水就是原因。”唐納薇當然不喜歡他這種態度，形容他“專橫”“粗暴”“獨裁”，傑克·尼科爾森也說：“羅曼是個讓人討厭的人，不管他有沒有在拍電影。”

Fights between Dunaway and Polanski really began after Polanski plucked a hair from Dunaway's head that was interfering with a shot. Dunaway went ballistic, and while this is a minor offense on Polanski's part, he later reasoned it was his way of directing and that "she was a piece of chess."

有次波蘭斯基突然揪住了唐納薇的頭髮，他們之間的戰爭就真的打響了，唐納薇當時勃然大怒，但這並沒有讓波蘭斯基有所收斂，後來他解釋說這是他的導演方式，“她只是一顆棋子”。

The most infamous clash between the two was when Polanski refused to let the actress use the bathroom, after which Dunaway threw a cup of her own urine at the director. He said, "You c—t, that's piss!" to which she replied, "Yes, you little putz!" The rest is history.

他倆之間最著名的交鋒是，波蘭斯基不讓唐納薇上廁所，然後唐納薇就把一杯自己的尿倒在波蘭斯基身上。波蘭斯基大叫：“臥槽！這是尿！”唐納薇：“對啊，你個傻逼！”後來的事大家就都知道了。