中國政府啓動水污染防治計劃大綱

China has ordered the closure of small plants in 10 dirty industries and a clampdown on the tapping of underground water sources in a renewed effort to tackle contamination.
中國已經下令關閉10個骯髒行業的小型工業企業，並且嚴控地下水超採，從而再度發起解決污染的努力。

An action plan released yesterday lowers import tariffs on components for treatment plants and other equipment used to cut water pollution. The initiative offers international companies an opportunity as China cleans up after years of unfettered industrialisation.
昨日公佈的《水污染防治行動計劃》稱，旨在降低水污染的處理廠和其他設備所用零部件將免徵進口關稅。在中國清理多年不受約束的工業化的後果之際，此舉爲海外企業提供了一個機遇。

Pollution is becoming a political liability for the ruling Communist party as citizens become more aware of the extent of the damage done to the country’s air, rivers and soil.
隨着中國公民越來越敏銳地意識到國內空氣、河流和土壤所受的損害程度，污染正成爲執政的共產黨的政治負擔。

“At present, water quality in some regions of our country is poor, the water ecology has been damaged severely and hidden dangers of environmental problems are prominent,” the report said.
“當前，我國一些地區水環境質量差、水生態受損重、環境隱患多等問題十分突出，”《行動計劃》稱。

The goal is to make more than 93 per cent of the supply to cities meet the standard of “water suitable for drinking” by 2020, and raise above 70 per cent the proportion of water meeting that standard in seven river basins. About 63 per cent of water in those rivers meets the standard, according to Financial Times calculations.
《行動計劃》中提出的目標是，到2020年，城市集中式飲用水水源水質達到適於飲用標準的比例總體高於93%，七大重點流域水質達到這一標準的比例總體達到70%以上。根據英國《金融時報》的計算，目前這些流域大約63%的水達標。

Authorities in Beijing, Tianjin, a neighbouring city, Hebei province and in the Pearl and Yangtze river deltas have been told to identify areas where tapping aquifers should be limited or forbidden. Depletion of aquifers is acute in those areas and the wider North China plain, where farmers, golf courses and luxury compounds rely on wells. To help hydrate the arid north, China last year inaugurated the South-North Water Diversion project that draws supplies from the Yangtze Basin to the capital.
京津冀以及珠三角和長三角的地方政府，被要求確定應當限採或禁采地下水的地區。目前這些地區乃至整個華北平原超采地下水的問題十分嚴重，農民、高爾夫球場和高檔居住區都依靠水井。爲了幫助向乾旱的北方供水，去年中國啓用南水北調引水項目，將長江流域的水引流至首都。

“As long as there is a wall in the suburbs and villages around Beijing you can see advertisements for well diggers, and they have to dig deeper and deeper because the aquifer is lower and lower,” said Dai Qing, an environmentalist who has raised the alarm.
“在北京周圍的郊區和鄉村，只要有一堵牆，你就會看到鑿井的廣告，他們不得不挖得越來越深，因爲含水層越來越低了，”曾在這個問題上敲響警鐘的環保人士戴晴表示。

The plan also assigns tasks to specific industries, since previous attempts to address pollution have often been hobbled by competing interests.
《行動計劃》還將任務分配給特定的行業，因爲以往治理污染的努力往往被相互競爭的利益所阻礙。

Industries ordered shut include fertiliser and coking plants, small tanneries, paper mills and oil refineries. Larger plants will be given access to technology to reduce the discharge of waste water, the plan says. Planners believe small plants lack the capital and profit margins to invest in pollution mitigation.
被勒令關閉小型企業的行業包括農藥、煉焦、製革、造紙和煉油等《行動計劃》稱，較大的工廠將獲得技術以減少廢水排放。規劃者相信，小廠缺乏投資於降低污染所需的資本和利潤率。

Additional reporting by Owen Guo
郭晨(Owen Guo)補充報道