託福寫作話題分析：個人理財
要成爲財務上負責任的個人，人們應該在年輕時學會如何理財，你同意這個觀點嗎，今天小編就給大家帶來託福寫作話題分析：個人理財。
託福獨立寫作之理財性話題
話題分類：理財性話題
考題回憶：
If your friend wants to reduce living expenses, what of the following would you suggest?
1. find a roommate to share the living expense
2. buy technological devices (i.e. cell phones) less frequently
3. buy less expensive food and cook at home.
解題思路：
Find a roommate to share the living expense – can save rent/ utilities (a fairly large portion of living expense in large cities)
Buy technological devices (i.e. cell phones) less frequently – no one buys these things really frequently, normally once or twice a year won’t be effective
Buy less expensive food and cook at home – too busy working ? no time for cooking at home; cooking by oneself does not necessarily save a lot
參考範文：
City dwellers often complain about the high living expense these days. Normally, if they want to reduce their living cost, they can find a roommate, make fewer major purchases or cook at home. Although all these approaches can save money to some extent, the best way is to find a roommate to share the cost.
By finding a roommate, one can immediately cut his or her living expense by a considerable portion. This is because rent and utilities now comprise a major part in the monthly expense for anyone living in a major city. With the influx of so many young people, the rent in large cities is now skyrocketing to record high. Take Shanghai as an example. A two-bedroom apartment in an average community can cost more than 5000 yuan per month. If shared with a roommate, one can immediately save 2500 yuan, which translates into a saving of at least 30000 yuan a year, a saving so great that it can hardly be achieved by resorting to the other two methods. Meanwhile, the utilities can also see a significant decline. After all, air-conditioners and fridges use virtually the same amount of electricity no matter how many people live in an apartment.
Buying fewer technological devices, on the other hand, it not as effective. One reason is that technological devices are getting cheaper, taking up an ever smaller proportion in the monthly expense. Another reason is that, compared with paying for rent and food, people make major purchases such as cell phones or laptops much less frequently. Even if a person really wants to stay in fashion by using the latest cell phone, he or she only has to buy a new one once a year. This could easily be saved by sharing the aforementioned apartment with a roommate for two or three months. Delaying the purchase, however, could either be a heavy blow on the ego, or on efficiency, as many people now rely on smartphones and laptops to finish a lot of tasks.
Cooking at home is also an ineffective approach because young people these days can hardly squeeze time to cook after a whole day’s work. As we know, cooking at home can be a time-consuming task, as it involves buying meat and vegetable, followed by washing, cutting and cooking. Normally, this task may take up to two hours every day. The truth is, with so many hours spent on the road or working overtime in the company, young employees tend to arrive at home at 7 p.m. or later. It would be impossible for them to wait another two hours before tucking into a delicious meal. Also, cooking by oneself does not necessarily save money since one tends to buy more than he or she can consume, leading to a waste of money.
In conclusion, the best way to reduce the monthly cost is to find a roommate to share the rent and utilities, rather than trying to economize on technological devices or food.
託福獨立寫作真題範文：從小學會理財才能經濟獨立
考題出現時間：2009-5-9CN,2009-5-9NA，2010-1-15NA
題目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: To become financially responsible individuals, people should be taught how to manage money at a young age.
答題思路：
觀點：I agree with the statement: to become financially responsible individuals, people should be taught how to manage money at a young age.
論點1(支持)：We all know that how important to be a financially responsible individual is, because this is related to the quality of our life.
論點2(支持)：The habits we develop when we are young will have a great influence on the life and work afterwards.
論點3(支持)：Another benefit for children to manage money at a young age is that they will learn the difficulties their parents raise them.
託福獨立寫作真題範文：從小學會理財才能經濟獨立參考範文：
I agree with the statement: to become financially responsible individuals, people should be taught how to manage money at a young age. To illustrate the statement, here are three reasons.
To begin with, as everyone knows, managing money is not an easy and comfortable job. It is a long time work. And also, we all know that how important to be a financially responsible individual is, because this is related to the quality of our life. Therefore, we should try our best to become financially responsible individuals. Do we become this kind of persons if we say we are? Of course not, we should be trained. It is the most effective way to teach us the knowledge when we are young, managing money is not an easy and comfortable job
Moreover, the habits we develop when we are young will have a great influence on the life and work afterwards. Bill Gates, who is one of the wealthy men in the world, said that he would let his children manage their money from their early age. The ways of thinking and ways of behavior lay the foundation of our whole life. Learning how to manage money at a young age will inevitably benefit our future. This period of time is also a good time for us to learn, to grasp more knowledge. So, the training of managing money should start from the childhood or the young stage.
Another benefit for children to manage money at a young age is that they will learn the difficulties their parents raise them. With the development of economy, children can almost get anything they want. They don’t know how precious their life is. The consequence of this is that they don’t know to show their thanks to their parents. Managing money will help them know they should be thankful to parents and express their love to their parents. Managing money seems a thing of little importance, but it can help a family become more and more warm and united.
To conclude, it is very important to teach children managing money at a young stage. This will help children to be a financially responsible individual in the future and also help families to be more united.
託福培訓丨託福寫作抽象類話題怎麼破系列之：金錢話題
關於金錢(money)的話題：
1). Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
People who do not have to work because they have enough money are barely happy.(抽象類，快樂與錢)2007.11.3
因爲有很多錢，所以不用工作的人們，很少有開心的。
2). Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
The main purpose for people who have jobs is for money rather than social status.(抽象類，錢與地位)2012.5.26
人們工作的主要目的是爲了掙錢而不是爲了社會地位。
3). Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Teachers should be paid according to what their students’ perform.(老師)(學生)(錢)2007.10.28 & 2009.8.8
教師應該根據學生的表現獲得報酬。
4). Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
To improve the quality of education, universities should spend more money on professors’ salaries.(老師)(錢)2010.11.13 & 2012.8.17
(類似考題：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The best way to improve the quality of education in a country is to increase teachers’ salaries. (111210CNW2=090403NAW2) 爲了增加教育質量，大學應該花更多錢在教授的工資上。)
5). A high school has decided that all students must take a class in which they learn a practical skill. School administrators are trying to decide whether to hold a class in cooking, managing personal finances or auto repair. Which do you think the school should require students to take? Why?
高中決定給所有學生開設一門培養實際技能的課程，學校的管理者在這三者之中糾結：開設廚藝課?開設個人理財課?還是開設汽車修理課?你認爲哪個最合適?爲什麼?
6). Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Parents should give money to the school-children for their high marks they get in exams.(家長)(孩子)2009.11.21
家長應該給孩子錢作爲考試高分獎勵。
7). Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
To become financially responsible adults, children should learn to manage money at a very young age.(孩子)(錢)2009.5.9
要成爲有財政責任的成年人，孩子在很小的年齡就應該學會理財。
8). Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
To achieve successful development of a country, a government should focus its budgets more on young children’s education rather than on universities.(孩子)(大學)2009.11.7 & 2012.8.25
一個國家要想成功發展，政府的預算應該集中在年輕孩子教育的培養上而不是大學上。
9). Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
People should pay to use public transportation. 2007.12.1
人們應該付錢去使用公共交通工具。
10). Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:
The government should spend more money on improving access to the Internet than on the public transportation. (Government) 2008.5.16
政府應該花錢在改善網絡覆蓋率還是花錢在公共交通工具上。
11). Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Drivers should pay a fee for driving in busy city streets when traffic is in a great amount.(社會類，社會規則)2007.1.14
司機應該在繁忙的城市街道上行駛的時候多交一部分費用。
12). Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
It is better to spend money traveling and vacation instead of saving it in the bank for future.(社會類，旅遊)2007.10.21
(類似考題：In your opinion, which one is better? To spend money on something that lasts for a long time, such as valuable jewelry, or spend your money on short term pleasure such as vacation?(抽象類，價值觀)2007.5.18 在你的想法中，花錢在持續時間很長的東西(如珍貴的珠寶)上，還是花錢在及時行樂(如度假)上。)
13). Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:
Universities should spend more money in buying facilities than hiring famous professors. 2012.8.17
大學應該花錢在購買設備方面還是應該花錢在僱用有名的教授方面。
14). Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Advertisement is a waste of time and money, because customers already know what they want.(社會類，媒體)2007.12.8
廣告是很浪費金錢和時間的行爲，因爲客人已經知道他們想要的是什麼了。
15). Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
It is more important for the government to spend money on art museums and concert halls than on recreational facilities such as swimming pools and playgrounds.(社會類，政府)2009.9.19
政府應該花錢在藝術館和音樂廳上面，而不是娛樂設施(如游泳池或遊樂場)方面。
16). Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
More and more people are spending money on their pets, even though there can be other good ways to spend money.(環境類，動物)2010.8.13
越來越多的人花錢在他們的寵物上，即使有更多好的方式花錢。
以上總結出來關於金錢的話題大體可以分成3種類型，第一類話題：確實是比較抽象的話題，比如說錢和幸福感，錢與社會地位(1-2題)，這類話題中的錢是個比較模糊的概念，很大。第二類話題：牽扯到很多具體的小話題，如老師的工資問題(salary)，個人理財問題(personal finance)，錢作爲獎勵孩子學習成績問題(reward)，以及人們應不應該付費使用交通工具問題(pay for public transportation)，這些話題具體並且和錢息息相關。第三類話題：是政府應不應該花錢在這方面或者那方面，人們要不要花錢在這方面或那方面，主要針對藝術，體育設施，旅遊等消費上，這類話題，其實和錢關係不是太大，只是想通過錢來表現哪個方面更重要，但是同學們也不應該忽視這些方面是不是需要錢來資助這個逆向思維。但是總體來說托福考試與錢相關考的東西還是比較多的，下面我們來詳細分析一下這三類問題如何突破。
第一類：關於錢的抽象類話題
這個在系列文章一關於錢和幸福感(happiness)以及系列文章二關於錢與社會地位(social status)的問題上都給大家簡單分析過，錢與幸福感的關係非常小，主要集中在錢能帶來基本的、表面的物質需求和快樂：External, momentary pleasure (tasty food, warm baths, etc.) People with enough money to make ends meet are happier than people who are poor, but beyond that more money doesn’t make much difference. 幸福感不僅僅來源於外在的快感，如好吃的食物，溫暖的淋浴，更多的來源於具有挑戰性的活動，社交生活或者人際關係，有意義的生活，以及獲得成功之後的成就感。錢與社會地位什麼更重要當然也是社會地位，因爲社會地位的意義更加廣泛，而錢有太多的限制性。這些在之前都給大家分析過，在此不在贅述。
第二類：牽扯到很多具體的小話題
第二類話題牽扯到很多小話題，如老師的工資問題(salary)，個人理財問題(personal finance)，錢作爲獎勵孩子努力學習問題(reward)，人們應不應該付費使用公共交通工具問題(pay for public transportation)，以及駕駛車的人是否應該在繁忙的街道多付費用問題(driver should pay additional fee in busy street)，我們來看看老外對這幾個方面是如何理解的。
1. 老師的工資salary問題：
老師工資的問題託福一般有兩個常見考題：1). 老師工資要不要和學生的表現掛鉤。2). 大學應該花錢提高老師工資來提高教學質量。對於這些題目大家可能需要對國外的教師工資情況略知一二，這樣比較容易寫到老外心坎上去，如果按照中國老師的現狀想當然來寫，不一定符合老外的國情，也可能導致老外看不太懂，或者覺得我們說服力不夠強。
首先我們來欣賞一下美國教師的平均工資水平(Average teacher salaries)，各個州是不一樣的，這些數據可以作爲開頭段引入或中間論證使用，看起來還是非常本土高大上的。
California had the nation's highest average salary in 2002-03, at $55,693. States joining California in the top tier(在最高等級) were Michigan, at $54,020; Connecticut, at $53,962; New Jersey, at $53,872; and the District of Columbia, at $53,194.
South Dakota had the lowest average salary in 2002-03, at $32,414. The other states in the bottom tier were Montana, at $35,754; Mississippi, at $35,135; North Dakota, at $33,869; and Oklahoma, at $33,277. Also in the lowest tier were the Virgin Islands, at $34,764; Guam at $34,738; and Puerto Rico, at $22,164.
如果想對比其他職業的工資如，醫生(physician/doctor)，律師(lawyer)工資，可以參考以下圖表;
Physicians / Doctors Median Salary by Job:
Job
National Salary Data
Physician / Doctor, Internal Medicine
$172,579
Family Physician / Doctor
$162,867
Physician / Doctor, General Practice
$141,076
Physician / Doctor, Emergency Room (ER)
$210,400
Physician / Doctor, Radiologist
$285,984
Physician / Doctor, Neurologist
$200,233
Physician / Doctor, Oncologist
$245,010
Attorney / Lawyer Salary
(United States)
The average pay for an Attorney / Lawyer is $76,789 per year. Experience has a moderate effect on salary for this job.
National Salary Data
Salary
$45,769 - $149,455
Bonus
$0.00 - $23,058
Profit Sharing
$969 - $30,195
Commission
$0.00 - $36,241
Total Pay
$46,555 - $170,988
很顯然，在美國教師的工資對比醫生和律師是不高的，以下有一段直接點明瞭這一點：
According to a 2006 study done by the National Education Association, 50% of teachers leave the profession within five years because of poor working conditions and low salaries.
除了國外老師的工資背景需要知道以外，還需要了解老師這個行業的福利條件，這樣寫作的時候思路就會相對較廣，比如針對第4題託福寫作考題，有時候不提高工資，提高福利也可以刺激到老師提高教學質量，如以下這一段：
Teacher’s contracts may include long-term disability insurance(長期傷殘保險), life insurance(人壽保險), and emergency/personal leave(應急事物/事假) and investment options(投資的選擇). Many teachers take advantage of the opportunity to increase their income by supervising after-school programs and other extracurricular activities(課外活動). In addition to monetary compensation(財政補償), public school teachers may also enjoy greater benefits (like health insurance健康險) compared to other occupations(職業). Merit pay systems(績效工資制度) are on the rise for teachers, paying teachers extra money based on excellent classroom evaluations, high test scores and for high success at their overall school. Also, with the advent of the internet, many teachers are now selling their lesson plans to other teachers through the web in order to earn supplemental income, most notably on
以上這段維基百科中對老師的描述中有一些詞組和詞彙意羣可以供大家使用及參考，如welfare benefits: Long-term disability insurance(protect an employee from loss of income in the event that he or she is unable to work due to illness, injury, or accident for long period of time保護員工因爲疾病、受傷或事故長時間無法工作), life insurance, and emergency/personal leave and investment options.(福利制度：保險，假期，投資)，並且已經開始涉及託福具體寫作話題，如老師工資與學生表現掛鉤，並且很多學校已經開始實施學生表現好就給老師額外的merit pay systems(績效)：paying teachers extra money based on excellent classroom evaluations, high test scores and for high success at their overall school。那麼具體這樣做有哪些好處，怎樣針對第3題論證，我們看看老外又是如何描述的。
There is little doubt that to improve the education of public school students, the way teachers are recruited, educated, certified, hired, and tenured must be changed,” writes Rodney Clifton, a professor emeritus at the University of Manitoba and author of the report. “They must have incentives(激勵制度) to work diligently at helping students achieve academically. School level administrators, in turn, must have incentives to help teachers teach the core subjects well and to help other school personnel make valuable contributions to the students’ academic achievement.”
很顯然，這一段老外清晰的表達出了自己的觀點，老師的各種制度比如說入職，受教育，任期等等都應該改變，都應該圍繞着學生的學業表現來重新劃分獎勵機制，這樣有助於更好的幫助老師圍繞學生的學業展開教學。其中一些非常實用的表達有：“recruited, educated, certified, hired, and tenured must be changed(錄取，教育，資質評判，僱傭，任期)”，這句話中的“tenure”是指a contractual right of a teacher or professor not to have his or her position terminated without just cause(老師或教授不會因爲不合理的理由被開除，也就是終身教授制度), “incentives to work diligently at helping students achieve academically(刺激他們更加勤奮地工作來幫助學生完成學業)”，“teach the core subjects(教授核心知識)”，“school personnel(學校的人員)”。
2. 個人理財(personal finance)問題：
關於個人理財問題，這類考點不多，但是中國學生普遍不是很會寫，主要針對孩子是不是應該從小開始理財，高中要不要開設理財課，以及一般人們如何花錢比較合理這幾個方面展開的。那麼爲什麼中國孩子不會寫呢，因爲他們從小也沒有什麼理財經驗，都是爸媽給管着錢，所以一談到什麼叫做personal finance management他們就傻眼了，文章中不斷出現這個詞組但是卻沒有充實的內容支撐。而相反，老外從小就開始培養孩子的獨立意識，其中一種獨立能力叫做自己管理自己的小金庫，一想到這，筆者就想起小時候學習新概念中的一篇文章“Fifty pence worth of trouble”的兩段：
Children always appreciate small gifts of money. Father, of course, provides a regular supply of pocket-money, but uncles and aunts are always a source of extra income. With some children, small sums go a long way. If sixpences are not exchanged for sweets, they rattle for months inside money-boxes.(在儲錢罐裏嘎嘎作響好幾個月)Only very thrifty children manage to(成功做某事)fill up a money-box. For most of them, sixpence is a small price to pay for a satisfying bar of chocolate.
My nephew, George, has a money-box but it is always empty. Very few of the sixpences I have given him have found their way there. I gave him sixpence yesterday and advised him to save it. Instead, he bought himself sixpence worth of trouble. On his way to the sweet shop, he dropped his sixpence and it rolled along the pavement and then disappeared down a drain. George took off.
仔細分析一下這兩段簡直就是老外那些不會理財孩子蠢萌的表現，並且也不得不稱讚新概念文章中的語言還是經典之經典，開頭段那一連串的同義互換簡直就絕了：small gifts of money=a regular supply of pocket-money=a source of extra income=small sums=sixpences=Very few of the sixpences, 除此之外，“rattle”, “found their way there”, “sixpence worth of trouble”都非常形象和生動，學生如果能參照寫出如此生動的託福開頭或者中間的舉例段就再好不過了。
轉入正題，那麼到底爲什麼要培養孩子的個人理財能力呢，理財具體包括什麼內容呢，首先要知道孩子的理財我們先必須瞭解大人的理財行爲是什麼，我們來參考以下老外對於理財見解的原文(原文中有許多關於什麼是personal finance management的介紹，解決了之前這個詞組在學生眼中的抽象性)：
1). Create an exact record of expenses over the next 30 days.(Make a List of Your Expenses: The first step in making a realistic budget(一個實際的預算) is figuring out where your money goes. To keep track, make an expense record(跟蹤，做消費記錄). Record every expense you pay by cash or cash equivalent -- check, ATM or debit card, or automatic bank withdrawal.(記錄下每一筆用現金或者使用支票，自動取款機取出來的錢，借記卡，或者自助銀行的取款)When you make a payment on a credit card bill(信用卡賬單), list the items paid for. At the end of the months, list seasonal, annual, semi-annual, or quarterly expenses (列出每季度，每年，每半年，每三個月的花費)you incur (引起)but did not pay during your month recording period.
2). Categorize your expenses. You may be amazed at how much money simply slips through your fingers(花錢如流水)right now. The most common are property taxes, car registration and maintenance, magazine subscriptions, tax preparation fees, insurance payments, and seasonal expenses such as summer camp fees or holiday gifts.(常見的花費主要是產權稅，車輛登記和維護，雜誌訂閱，商品稅，保險金，還有些季度消費如假期野營和節假日禮物)
3). Determine your "hidden" monthly expenses: car insurance, taxes, dues, membership fees, gifts,(汽車保險，稅，手續費，會費，禮物金額) etc. and figure out how much you spend on average per month for these expenses.
4). Look for expenses that you can cut and plan on how you will cut them.(節省開支)It may be helpful to start slowly. Determine how much you will be able to put into savings each month given these cuts.
5). Open a savings account.(開一個存錢的賬戶) Each month, when you are paying your other monthly bills, write another check to cover your hidden expenses and put it into savings. When you get a bill in this category, pay it from savings.
6). Conceal or cut up your credit cards to help eliminate random purchases.(減少隨意的花費)
7). Deposit your excess money each month in savings
8). Whenever you get unexpected money - a raise, a bonus, a refund, a present - put it directly into savings to apply toward your financial goals.
看了這幾段之後同學們應該對理財這個概念不陌生也不模糊了，裏面使用了大量的和理財相關的詞組和詞彙，比如說：“cash or cash equivalent -- check, ATM or debit card, or automatic bank withdrawal”, “credit card bill(信用卡賬單)”, “list seasonal, annual, semi-annual, or quarterly expenses”, “saving account”等等，都已給大家用橫線標出，非常實用，總的來說，老外成年人的理財指的主要是1). budget(預算);2). expend(花費);3). saving(存錢);4). income(收入)，也就是收支要平衡，然後結餘的錢省下來存起來，以備不時之需，那麼孩子的理財是否也是類似的呢?我們來看一下：
1). Saving is earning. First, I will teach my children to save money at early stage. This would increase the importance of money in Children. 增加孩子對錢的意識。
2). Will try to show all the expenses made for family. They need to understand how each rupee is coming and going from the pocket. 他們需要懂得每分錢是怎麼掙來的和花掉的，在此“rupee”本意是盧比，在這裏指代的是辛苦錢。
3). Make them understand what is needy? And what is luxury? 知道什麼是需要花錢的，什麼花錢就是浪費，在這裏“what is luxury”並不僅僅指代的是奢侈品，而是不需要花掉的錢。
4). Will open bank account for them and ask them to deposit their savings into their account. They should feel that is their money and should know how their money is growing in the Bank account. 開賬戶存錢，這是一種投資，其中“how money is growing in the bank account”使用得非常形象。
5). Also learn them to contribute some portion of the money to the poor or needy persons. They will come to know the importance of money and the joy of giving. 培養正確的價值觀，錢不是萬能的，給予是快樂的。
從以上幾點可以看出，對於孩子來說，理財的做法和大人差不多，無怪乎是一些saving, expending, 意義也和大人差不多，主要爲了培養孩子將來對錢的價值觀和如何管理自己的財產有關係，裏面使用了非常多的形象短語供大家使用。
除此之外，老外還有一些早教書籍供孩子學習一些理財知識，在這裏也可以和大家普及一下，寫作文的時候可以作爲例子使用：
Here are five books that teach valuable money lessons and remain favorites of our children.
1). “Lemonade in Winter” by Emily Jenkins and G. Brian Karas focuses on two siblings who make the interesting choice to open a lemonade stand(攤點) in the middle of winter. The book features a catchy refrain(吸引人的挫折) about lemonade while telling a story about how sometimes great ideas don’t turn out like you hope(如你所願).
“Lemonade in Winter” teaches the very basics of entrepreneurship and a small amount of basic math. Age range: 2 to 7 year olds.(教育關於企業家，創業者的基本知識並且教授一些基本數學。)
2). “Bunny Money” by Rosemary Wells is a “Max and Ruby” story, as it centers around a pair of bunny siblings(兄弟姐妹) familiar to most parents of young children today. In this story, Ruby has saved $100 to buy her grandmother a birthday present, but various unexpected events befall(落到) Ruby and Max, causing some of that money to disappear. Will they have enough to buy the gifts for grandmother?
“Bunny Money” teaches basic money math, such as addition and subtraction, as well as the idea of a budget and how emergencies can tear through your money. Age range: 3 to 7 year olds(教授基本的數學，如加法，減法，預算，和緊急事故發生後如何需要錢的)
3). "Joseph Had a Little Overcoat" by Simms Taback tells the story of a frugal(節省的，樸素的)man who has a nice overcoat, but he wears it a lot and it begins to wear out.(磨破)Eventually, he reuses the material to make a jacket, then a vest, then various other things until it becomes a cloth button. The book won a Caldecott Medal for its wonderful drawings which not only bring Joseph’s world to life(讓Joseph重生), but also clearly show how the material from Joseph’s overcoat is reused to make other things.
“Joseph Had a Little Overcoat” teaches frugality and the idea of reusing things, because even items that are worn out can still have valuable use. Age range: 3 to 8 year olds. 教會孩子通過重複使用東西來節省，因爲即使東西被用壞了也是有使用價值的。
4). “Annie’s Adventures” by Lauren Baratz-Logsted is the first in an ongoing series called “The Sisters 8” about orphaned octuplet(八胞胎孤兒) girls whose parents disappear. In this volume, the titular Annie ends up having to figure out their parents’ financial situation, including how to write checks, interpret bills and eventually pay for all of it(寫支票，理解賬單，最終買單). It’s a gentle and humorous introduction into the reality of adult finances couched in an enjoyable, simple adventure.(這是一個依賴有趣和簡單的冒險方式非常委婉和幽默地介紹成人世界的財政)
“Annie’s Adventures” teaches the basics of earning money and paying bills, including the use of checks. There are also elements (in this book and the rest of the series) of entrepreneurship, frugality and money management decisions. Age range: 6 to 12 year olds (教會了孩子賺錢和買單的基本技能，包括使用支票，以及創業，節省，錢的管理決定等)
5). “The Lemonade War” by Jacqueline Davies is the first in a series about two siblings who open up competing lemonade stands. The story escalates(升級)as the siblings use their skills and a few ideas about entrepreneurship to drive their “lemonade war” to amusing heights.(把戰爭推向了新高度)
“The Lemonade War” teaches the basics of entrepreneurship, planning and money management in the context of an enjoyable adventure story that hits upon the lives of upper elementary children. Age range: 8 to 12 year olds(使用適合高階段有趣的冒險故事教會了人們創業精神，計劃和管理錢財)
3. 孩子學習要不要money reward的問題：
接着我們來看關於錢的另外幾個問題，其中一個是孩子要不要使用錢來刺激學習，這個不管在國內還是國外都是一個比較常見的現象，可能在中國更加頻繁一些，所以這個題目相對來說不是很難，我們來看看老外是如何解析的：
Many parents who are willing to pay their children for good grades will argue that it is a child’s job to go to school and learn. Therefore, they should be compensated for positive results just as they are at their jobs. If you ask me, this would be the weakest argument for those on the “pro” side of this practice. Logically speaking, it does make sense, but one could counter that not all jobs are rewarded with money. Parents do not clean the house for money. People at unpaid internships get nothing but experience and networking “jobs” serve not as money-making opportunities, but as character and experience builders. For example, personal growth is one of the main benefits of learning in a classroom with fellow students, which should be payment enough for children.
這一段使用了駁論法，主要針對一些人同意孩子應該用錢來鼓勵這個點是行不通的進行說理，認爲孩子在學校學習得更多的是經驗和與人相處的技能，而不僅僅是學業上的進步，因此不應該用錢來鼓勵孩子，不應該讓孩子認爲學習就是賺錢的過程。
Another “pro” argument is that the promise of money for grades increases the students’ drive for success and good marks soon follow. Salespeople often get bonuses for high sales numbers, so why not apply this same philosophy to your student in hopes that the potential for income increases effort? One argument against this line of thinking is that kids do not understand the importance of earning money and often don’t really need their own money. If the money does not matter to them, the grades won’t matter. Thus, the promise of getting paid as a reward for good grades is not really a reward. The same argument can be applied to a child that you pay to do tasks around the house. If it comes to a choice of earning $5 to mow the lawn or continuing to play Halo, the kid may not care about the money; he would rather continue his game. To be effective, you must first teach your children how to handle money.
這段同樣使用了駁論法，先是提出一部分人贊同的想法就是可以用錢來鼓勵孩子，就像成人世界中用錢來鼓勵銷售一樣的道理，但是問題是孩子並不理解錢的重要性，這樣即使給孩子錢作爲獎勵，一旦孩子覺得錢並不重要，這樣學習的動力自然也就沒有了(作者還舉了例子)，所以要用錢來獎勵孩子不如先教會孩子如何處理錢的問題。
This practice can also get the parents into a bad mindset (使得家長有錯誤的想法)of thinking money is all that matters to the kid. If a student is struggling, will these parents do everything in their power to have a conversation with teachers or assist with the child’s homework? Would the parents take away driving privileges and time away from friends? Or would they simply threaten to stop paying the kid money? Is the threat of lost money truly enough to entice the student to buckle down and do what is necessary to turn things around in school?
這一段直接點明瞭給孩子錢作爲獎勵的問題：比如錢是衡量一切的標準，家長會爲此剝奪孩子的課餘時間?等等這段裏面使用了許多有用的短語，如：“get into a bad mindset”可以代替“wrong thinking”, “do everything in their power”可以代替“try their best”, 以及“driving privileges”(開車的特權), “entice sb. to do sth”(誘惑某人做某事),“buckle down(盡全力做某事)”, “do what is necessary to turn things around”(做應該做的事使情況好轉)。
4. 公共交通上花錢(pay for public transportation)問題：
其次：對於老百姓要不要在公共交通上花錢，中國孩子一般都會覺得老外的福利好，對於這種福利肯定也不會錯過，所以一般會寫不贊同，然後把責任轉嫁到政府頭上去，覺得政府應該這樣，政府應該那樣，政府就是萬能的救世主，很多考官看到中國孩子的作文都覺得很有意思，因爲想法確實會有區別，實際上老外也是很糾結的，一部分認爲贊同，一部分認爲不贊同，但是大部分還是覺得我們應該自行付這筆費用：
人們應該自行去付公共交通工具的費用：
理由一(不會給政府、納稅者和交通造成壓力)：
I think that public transportation should be paid for by the people using it, because a lot of people who do not own a vehicle use it to go to and from work. I do not think that the government should pay for public transportation. There are a lot of people who use public transportation to travel to and from work because they do not own a vehicle, or choose not to use it to go to work. I think that they have the income to pay for a ride to and from work. I think that if the government started to foot the bill(承擔費用) for public transportation, then everyone would park their vehicles(在這裏是不再使用車的形象表達) and take the bus to work, especially with the cost of gas now. This will only put a bigger burden on(造成更重的負擔) the taxpayers who are more than likely working class(工薪階層) Americans who do drive to work, in their own vehicles, and have to purchase their own gas. This would not be at all fair to them.
Free public transport may be misused(被濫用) by people and may affect the financial status(影響財政地位)of government. Present culture of(當前) paying for their travel is the best way of transport. If public travelling is made free it may be misused by some people. It may also affect the financial status of government. Even they may suffer from loss of income(受到收入減少的影響) from transport department. Some may have unnecessary travel(不必要的旅行)affecting others. It may lead to congestion and crowd(擁堵) in public transport.
理由二(政府應該資助那些更核心的方面，而交通費用並不核心，也不貴)：
All public transport should not be free and paid for by the government because there are more impotent things(無能爲力的事情需要被負擔) to pay for. In my opinion, there are more important things that the government should support and fully cover(完全承擔), like hospitals, fire and police departments, and maybe even schools.(政府應該承擔如醫院，救火，警察部門甚至是學校的費用) They could even support child care or children hospitals more, because they can't be fully free. Transport is cheap enough as it is.(當前的交通費用已經很便宜了)The government can't pay for everything.
Public transport should not be paid for by the governments because it cannot be afforded. Public transport should not be free and paid for by the government because government cannot afford to pay for it unless other vital services to the general public are cut drastically. The possibility of free public transportation falls far below the necessities of other services and should be prioritized according to importance of maintaining a viable society.
人們不應該自行去付公共交通工具的費用：
理由一(增加就業，促進經濟發展)：
Good for the Common People in the Economy I'm not for entitlements, but when the government pays for a good or service and it benefits the economy as a whole it's not an entitlement. If everyone can get from point A to point B whenever they have to for free this creates the potential for great upward mobility.(造成一個潛在的增加流動性的危險) This would reduce unemployment as job opportunities could be searched for in a wider area for people without cars. We should include not just intracity but intercity(不僅僅是市內交通，更要發展城市間的交通) and even magnet trains (甚至是磁懸浮列車)to allow for even interstate commutation(洲際交流) between states further away from each other.
理由二(環保，省錢：這個點是中國孩子想不到的，因爲國外，特別是美國公共交通如火車汽車等的費用有時候比自己開車多多了，後面作者還舉了一個10美元的小例子)：
Good for the ecosystem. It would save the planet from global warming and in turn(反過來) would save money because more people would be using the same car saving millions. It costs almost $10 for a one way trip across town and for many people this could pay for dinner.(單程過一個鎮子幾乎要花掉10美金並且對於很多人來說這個錢都可以付晚餐了)On top of this it (除此之外)would reduce congestion on the road. More public transport would reduce global warming by taking cars off our roads.(更多的公共交通會通過減少車從而減少全球變暖狀況)
Free public transport would reduce the number of cars on the road. Global warming is a serious issue and, if public transport was free, more people would use it, taking cars off the road. 1 train could take 2000 cars off the road. A public transport system with 20 trains could take 40,000 cars off the road. Some people would simply choose to not own cars, further reducing the number of cars on the road. Across dozens of cities in a nation and thousands world-wide, the result of free public transport would be dramatic in cutting vehicle emissions and combating global warming.(減少汽車尾氣以及抵抗全球變暖)
5. 關於開車人要在繁忙街道付額外費用的問題driver should pay additional fee in busy street or not：
這個問題實際上和上個要不要給公共交通付錢問題比較類似，牽扯到的話題主要是環保，政府的職能以及每個公民的義務，所以觀點和詞彙上比較相近，就不贅述了。
第三類：關於錢的話題(和錢的關係不大，主要通過錢來衡量事物的重要性)：
這類話題的題目非常多，主要集中在政府應不應該花錢在這方面或者那方面，個人要不要花錢在這方面或那方面，公司，機構，組織，學校要不要花錢在這方面或那方面，主要針對藝術，體育設施，旅遊，員工工資激勵，學校設施，短期娛樂，長期投資，環保等消費或花費上，當然還有一些比較偏和細小的話題，比如要不要花錢在寵物身上，廣告上等。這類話題其實和錢關係不是太大，只是想通過錢來表現哪個方面更重要，所以在這些問題的思路上主要還是根據個體事物的特點出發，比如政府應該在基礎設施上花多的錢還是在音樂廳美術館上花更多的錢，這種題目就可以分別討論基礎設施的優缺點以及美術館音樂廳這些娛樂方式的優缺點，從中選出自己認爲的最優項，但是同時同學們也不應該忽視這些方面是不是需要錢來資助這個逆向思維。這些個別的話題特點我們將放在以後的政府類，教育類中詳細討論。
