英語四級寫作技巧：英語倒裝技能

2015年6月份的四六級備考正在緊鑼密鼓的進行中，一向作爲複習重點的作文，自然不可小覷啦。倒裝句一直作爲英語四六級中的重難點之一，尤其對於寫作來說，在芸芸考生的試卷中，一次精彩倒裝句的使用可能會使監考老師興奮不已，當然咯，拿高分不在話下。今天小編就爲大家科普一下倒裝句的來歷及如何正確使用的姿勢。

　　一、何謂英語倒裝句

爲了強調、突出等語的目的而顛倒原有語序的句式叫做倒裝句。由於語法結構的要求，或是由於修辭的需要，往往要改變句子的自然語序，把一些本應置於主語之後的句子成分提到主語之前，而且倒裝語序大多都用於強調。

　　二、英語倒裝句的分類

常用的倒裝句爲完全倒裝，部分倒裝，特殊從句倒裝，比較從句倒裝。

　　1、完全倒裝

完全倒樁，又稱"全部倒裝"，是指將句子中的謂語全部置於主語之前，通常只用於一般現在時和一般過去時。

(1) 謂語+主語+……There be/appear/come/remain+主語(+地點或時間狀語)

e.g. There appeared to be a woman in red.那裏有個穿紅衣服的女人。

(2) 副詞+謂語動詞+名詞主語+表示方向的副詞，如 out, down, in, up, away, on

e.g. Down jumped the burglar from the tenth floor when he heard someone shouted at him.

若開頭用詞爲：here, there, now, thus, hence, then，也會倒裝

e.g. Here comes the taxi.

(3) 過去分詞或現在分詞+be的各種形式+主語+……

e.g. Scattered on the floor were several books and magazines.

　　2、部分倒裝

部分倒裝，又稱半倒裝句，指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態動詞倒裝至主語之前,而謂語動詞無變化。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態動詞，則需添加助動詞 do, does 或 did，並將其置於主語之前。

(1) 下列否定詞及含有否定意義的詞組修飾狀語時，若置句首，句子的主謂要部分倒裝 ：

never, no, neither, not only, hardly, scarcely, little, seldom, rarely, not until, nowhere, at no time, on no account, in no respect, in no sense, by no means, in no way, no longer, no less, no more, no sooner than, under no circumstances, in vain, still less。

e.g. Not only is its direct attack on their discipline, it bypasses the essence of what sociologists focus on. Under no circumstances should we do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the interests of the state.

(2) 以only修飾狀語開頭的句子，句子的主謂要部分倒裝

e.g. Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion.

(3) 以下列副詞或短語開頭的句子，句子的主謂要部分倒裝

倒裝副詞/短語：often, so, well, to such a degree, to such an extent, to such extremes, to such a point，many a time

e.g. So involved with their computers do the children become that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.

　　3、特殊從句的倒裝

(1)讓步從句的倒裝

(i) as 引導讓步狀語從句：必須採用倒裝結構，但不是主謂倒裝，而是將被強調的內容置於句首。

e.g. Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her, in thoroughness, whatever the job.

(ii) 出現在句型be+主語+其他中。

e.g. Our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge—be it scientific or artistic. The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly. Come what may, I’ll be on your side.

　　4、比較從句的倒裝

as, than 引導的比較從句中，如果主語是名詞短語且較長，經常採用倒裝結構(不倒裝也可以)。注意：這種結構主語一般爲名詞，如果是代詞則不倒裝。

例如： Hydrogen burns much more cleanly than do other fuels and is easy to produce. Reading is to the mind as is exercise to the body.