hierarchy是什麼意思 hierarchy的用法 hierarchy怎麼讀

hierarchy

英 ['haɪərɑːkɪ]美 ['haɪərɑrki]

n. 層級；等級制度

使用頻率:★★

星級詞彙:★★★

記憶方法

1、hier- + -archy.
2、原始字面含義：high priest, leader of sacred rites. => ranked division of angels or clergy. => 後來，進一步引申爲一般意義上的層級、等級制度。
3、因此，可以看到該詞是由最初的劃分了等級的、等級制度森嚴的宗教統治（集團/組織），逐漸演變成今天的含義的。

中文詞源

hierarchy 等級制度，社會層級

hier-,神聖性，僧侶，詞源同hieratic,-arch,統治，管理，詞源同archon,anarchy.原義爲僧侶統治，神權統治，後引申詞義社會層級，等級制度。

英語詞源

hierarchy

hierarchy: [14] Greek hierós meant ‘sacred, holy’. Combined with -arkhēs ‘ruling’ (as in English archbishop) it produced hierárkhēs ‘chief priest’. A derivative of this, hierarkhíā, passed via medieval Latin hierarchia and Old French ierarchie into Middle English as ierarchie (the modern spelling was introduced on the basis of the Latin form in the 16th century).

At first the word was used in English for the medieval categorization of angels (into cherubs and seraphs, powers and dominions, etc), and it was not until the early 17th century that it was applied to the clergy and their grades and ranks. The metaphorical use for any graded system soon followed.

hierarchy (n.)

mid-14c., from Old French ierarchie, from Medieval Latin hierarchia "ranked division of angels" (in the system of Dionysius the Areopagite), from Greek hierarkhia "rule of a high priest," from hierarkhes "high priest, leader of sacred rites," from ta hiera "the sacred rites" (neuter plural of hieros "sacred;" see ire) + arkhein "to lead, rule" (see archon). Sense of "ranked organization of persons or things" first recorded 1610s, initially of clergy, sense probably influenced by higher. Related: Hierarchal; hierarchical.

權威例句

1. The principle of hierarchy does not equate to totalitarian terror.

等級制度在原則上並不等同於極權主義恐怖。

2. My ambition was to travel upwards in the ecclesiastical hierarchy.

我的雄心是在教會中一步一步往上走。

3. See how stupidly they kow-tow to persons higher in the hierarchy.

瞧他們對上級唯命是從的樣子是多麼愚蠢啊。

4. She rose up the Tory hierarchy by the local government route.

她通過地方政府的渠道在保守黨的等級制度中一步步地晉升。

5. There is a rigid hierarchy of power in that country.

那個國家有一套嚴密的權力等級制度.

[ hierarchy 造句 ]