年下半年二級口譯 真題參考答案及點評

Part 1 English to Chinese Interpreting

Passage 1
The torrent of innovation and entrepreneurship sweeping China has become a new engine fueling China's economic growth, and in this process capital has played an indispensable role. People ask me about which areas will create new leaders, and therefore, attract more attentions for investors? Well, there are indeed industrial leaders in almost every visible segment. But when it comes to the new economy, newcomers always stand a chance of defeating those first arrivals. From my point of view, opportunities exist in at least three areas.
創新創業的洪流席捲了中國，成爲助力中國經濟發展的新動力。這一過程中資本起到了不可或缺的作用。有人問我哪一個領域會產生新的領軍者，從而吸引投資者的關注？實際上幾乎每一個領域都會產生新的領袖，當談到新經濟時，後來都總有機會打敗原來的統治者。在我看來至少三個領域存在着機會。

知識點：
stand a chance of：有機會。

First, there are plenty of opportunities in a niche market. For instance, is a leading general e-commerce website, and there are many other e-commerce platforms focused on selling one particular type of product such as cosmetics or baby products. Second, opportunities exist along the industrial chain of e-commerce. Taking Amazon for example, it's a business-to-customer website where third-party sellers are invited to open stores. Solving cross border logistics problems Customs, storage, logistics and other industrial chain for Amazon sellers could be huge business.
首先，細分市場中存在很多機會。例如，京東是一家電子商務通用網站，同時還有很多其它電子商務平臺，專注銷售某種特定商品，比如說化妝品或者嬰兒用品。第二，機會也存在於電子商務的產業鏈上。以亞馬遜爲例，亞馬遜是一家商家到用戶的網站，邀請第三方賣家開店，因此，爲這些賣家解決跨境物流問題，比較海關，倉儲，物流以及其它產業鏈問題可以成爲巨大的商機。

知識點：
e market.這類術語在市場學當中非常常見，不屬於專門詞彙，應該在平日多多積累。
oms, storage, logistics and other industrial chain：均屬於經濟學常用詞彙，最近在媒體上出現得相當頻繁，經常聽聽李克強總理的記者招待會，可以積累大量此類熱點詞彙

Third, with the advent of the mobile Internet era, new location-based and social-based opportunities will pop up. For example, taxi-hailing apps Uber, Didi Dache and Kuaidi Dache are areas that Internet giants once overlooked or failed to cover. Investment opportunities on TMT (telecommunication, media and technology) area will exist in at least the above-mentioned three areas. New areas such as big data and cloud computing will churn out plenty of opportunities as well. These are all investment directions for us, with unlimited room for development.
第三，隨着移動互聯時代的到來，一些新的地點以及基於社會生活的機會將會出現。比如，優步，迪迪打車，快的打車這類網約車軟件都代表了被互聯網巨人一度忽視或者未能覆蓋的領域。在電信，媒體以及技術領域的投資機會至少存在於上述三個領域。而新的領域，比如大數據和雲計算也會產生很多機會。這些都是投資的方向，擁有無限的發展空間。

To answer what new business model I am interested, personally, I favor three types of business start-ups—those with a hi-tech barrier, those with an innovative business model and those with established skills in a certain segment. The first and third types are easy to understand, but the second one could be a little tricky. Basically, a company has to create a completely new model to enter a potentially huge market. I would be really interested in this kind of business start-ups.
至於我對什麼樣的新商業模式有興趣，我傾向於三類新商家，擁有高技術壁壘的，擁有創新商業模式的以及在某個領域擁有成型技術的。第一類和第三類比較容易理解，但第二類有些難以理解。基本上，一家公司如果能夠開發一種全新的模式，進入一個潛力巨大的市場，我對這類新商業公司會特別有興趣。

知識點：
ness start-ups：創新企業，也屬於熱點詞彙。
e with a hi-tech barrier, those with an innovative business model and those with established skills in a certain segment. 我傾向於三類新商家，擁有高技術壁壘的，擁有創新商業模式的以及在某個領域擁有成型技術的。
這三個those很容易聽亂，注意聽記時把內容與符號結合在一起。
le tricky:結合上下文翻譯爲“難以理解”，還可以根據其它上下文翻譯爲“困難”、“棘手”

People asked me when a revenue model is absent at the early stage, how can you tell whether a company is worth investing in? A sound and good revenue model is an essential issue in the investment world, however, we have found a paradox in both Chinese and U.S. markets. Many Internet giants either didn't have one clear revenue model at the early stage, or they had one but changed to a different model as it grew. We should never rule out a project arbitrarily when its revenue model is absent or unclear.
有人問我如果一家公司早期不存在盈利模式，如何確定它值不值得投資。在投資領域，穩定和優秀的盈利模式是重要的，但我們發現無論在中國還是美國的市場裏，這都是一個矛盾，很多互聯網大公司早期都沒有明確的盈利模式，但隨着發展，他們產生了盈利模式，或者盈利模式發生了改變。我們不應該因爲公司沒有盈利模式或者盈利模式不明，就武斷地將其完全排除在外。

知識點：
they had one but changed to a different model as it grew.：這種句子在聽力上會有一定挑戰，需要記住 one 指得是“revenue model”，平常在訓練和說話過程中要有意識地模仿這種指代方式。
out:排除在外

This is of course the difficult part of a venture capitalist. but is also the most attractive part in this job. This is a must-have quality in the investment world. That's what sorts outstanding professional venture capitalists from lame ones. As a matter of fact, the management team matters more at the early stage. I believe an excellent team has a strong ability to cash in on what it has to offer. It can take the company to success.
對於風險投資人來說，這無疑是最困難的部分，但也是這項工作最有吸引力的部分。在投資領域，這也是必備的素質。這也是將優秀投資人同蹩腳的投資人區別開來的標準。實際上，在早期，管理團隊更加重要 ，我認爲一支優秀團隊應該能夠兌現他們提出的承諾。這樣的團隊才能帶領公司走向成功。

知識點：
這個段落中口語化詞彙比較多，考查考生的理解力，但相對比較分散，猜中的可能性比較大。
must-have quality必備的素質
lame ones蹩腳的投資人
cash in on what it has to offer兌現他們提出的承諾
It can take the company to success.注意此處的it 指代的是team

Some people say there are bubbles in the technology industry in China, and that the bubbles may soon burst. Personally, I think bubbles in this area are quite obvious. at the valuation of some tech firms is way too high. Meanwhile, whenever a new concept appears within a sector, it will become very crowded, intensifying competition or even resulting in cutthroat competition. As a result, both investors and entrepreneurs become more anxious, this is the case especially during 2014. But the market has restored some of its rationality since 2015. Overheating does exist in the venture capital market. It's mostly because there's too much hot money available in the market, but not so many investment channels.
有人認爲中國的技術產業存在泡沫，這些泡沫有破裂的危險。我個人以爲，泡沫是非常明顯的。有些技術公司的價值被遠遠高估了。同時，每當一個新理念出現在一個領域中，這個領域就變得十分擁擠，競爭非常激烈，甚至變得非常殘酷。因此，投資人與企業家都變得更爲焦慮，這種情況在2014年特別嚴重，而在2015年，市場在一定程度上回歸於理性。風險投資市場的確存在過熱情況 但主要是因爲這一市場中熱錢過去，但投資渠道不足。

Passage 2
We have come together to lend our voices to the growing global effort to combat the illegal wildlife trade - a trade that has reached such uNPRecedented levels of killing and related violence that it now poses a grave threat not only to the survival of some of the world's most treasured species, but also to economic and political stability in many areas around the world. I have said before, that we must treat the illegal wildlife trade as a battle because the rising and insatiable demands have provided an economic incentive for trafficking of the wild animals. It has become increasingly criminalized and professional.
我們今天聚集一處，呼籲全球共同努力反對野生動物非法交易，這一交易活動所帶來的殺戮以及其它暴力行爲已到達前所未有的程度，不僅威脅到世界上絕大多數珍貴物種的生存，也影響到世界很多地區的政治與經濟的穩定。我曾經說過，我們必須把野生動物非法交易當作一場戰鬥，因爲對於這方面的需求不斷增長，刺激了野生動物販運活動。這種活動變得日益犯罪化與專業化。

知識點：
our voices不宜直譯，簡譯爲呼籲即可
rising and insatiable demands have provided an economic incentive for trafficking of the wild animals這個句子信息密度比較大，需要記錄時筆記有良好的結構。

Organized bands of criminals are stealing and slaughtering elephants, rhinos and tigers, as well as large numbers of other species, in a way that has never been seen before, pushing many species to the brink of extinction. They are taking these animals using the sophisticated weapons of war - assault rifles, silencers, night vision equipment and helicopters. Unarmed park rangers are no match for these organized gangs and high-powered equipment. Tragically, many brave rangers have lost their lives while trying to save those of the animals.
有組織的犯罪團伙偷獵屠殺大象，犀牛，老虎以及大量其它物種，手段前所未見，使很多物種瀕臨滅絕。他們使用很多先進的武器裝備進行盜獵，帶消音器的突擊步槍，夜視鏡甚至直升飛機，我們的護林員沒有武器，不是這些攜帶強火力武器罪犯的對手，很多勇敢的護林員在試圖保護動物時不幸獻出了自己的生命。

知識點：
Unarmed park rangers are no match for these organized gangs and high-powered equipment.這是一個非常常見的說法，關鍵要能聽懂 no match for.

I hope you share with my belief that it is shocking that future generations may know a world without these magnificent animals and the habitat upon which they depend. This year, I have become even more devoted to protecting the resources of the Earth for not only my own son but also the other children of his generation to enjoy. I want them to be able to experience the same Africa that I did as a child. It is, of course, even more important for each child growing up in countries where these animals live. It is nothing less than immoral that they are losing their birthright to fuel the greed of international criminals.
我希望大家和我的看法一致，那就是在未來，我們的下一代的世界也許再也看不到這些珍貴的東西，以及它們賴以生存的棲息地了，這種可能實在令人震驚。今年，我更加堅定地投入到保護地球資源的鬥爭中，不僅爲了我的兒子，也爲他的同齡人能夠享受到這些資源。我希望他們將來同樣能看到我兒時看到的非洲。當然，更重要的是，孩子們能夠在這些動物生活的國度裏成長。而剝奪這些動物的生存權，來助長全球罪犯的貪慾，這樣做無疑是不道德的。

知識點：
1.這個段落中靈活而地道的英語表達較多，因此要更多地把握全局，而非侷限於一個詞組之上。
2.I want them to be able to experience the same Africa that I did as a child. 我希望他們將來同樣能看到我兒時看到的非洲。這個句子的邏輯很繞，但聽明白後用自己的話說出來並不太費力，學員聽時應該保持冷靜，不要急躁，也不需要過度貼近原文。
is nothing less than immoral that they are losing their birthright to fuel the greed of international criminals. 這個句子中的lose to, birthright，fuel the greed of都是比較難於理解的，只有在判斷正確的基礎上，才能形成良好的對策。

My profound belief is that humanity is less than humanity without the rest of creation: the destruction of these endangered species will diminish us all. Allow me just to give you some sense of the scale of the problem with a few staggering numbers: More than 30,000 elephants were killed last year-amounting to nearly 100 deaths per day. In the past ten years, sixty-two per cent of African forest elephants have been lost. If this rate continues, the forest elephant will be extinct within ten years. As recently as 100 years ago, there were as many as 100,000 wild tigers living in Asia. Today, there are believed to be fewer than 3,200 left in the wild.
我堅定地認爲，如果沒有其它生物存在，人性也就不成其爲人性。毀滅這些瀕危物種會令我們大家的人性受到傷害。請允許我通過一些驚人的數據，向大家解釋這一問題的嚴重程度 ：去年，有近3萬頭大象被獵殺，相當中一天死亡一百隻。過去十年間，非洲叢林象減少了百分之六十二，如果這一速度持續下去，叢林象將會在十年內滅絕。僅僅一百年之前，亞洲野生虎還有近十萬只，而現在，野外據估計只有三千二百隻了。

知識點：
nity is less than humanity without the rest of creation:這個句子中的less可以翻譯爲削弱，或者不成其爲人性。要注意進行有效轉化。
w me just to give you some sense of the scale of the problem with a few staggering numbers: scale of the problem轉譯爲嚴重程度比較符合漢語表達習慣。

Despite the terrible crisis that we now face, we continue to be optimistic that the tide can be reversed. We have been so impressed by the brilliant work already being done on the ground to improve enforcement in consumer countries to stop the demand for wildlife products. We are also extremely encouraged that this issue is now starting to receive the attention it deserves at the highest levels of governments. It is especially heartening that many African leaders are proactively developing plans of action and seeking solutions.
雖然我們面臨的危機十分嚴重，但我們仍然樂觀地相信，這一趨勢可望扭轉。一些國家在基礎層面上做出了出色的工作，減少對於野生動物的需求，這令我們印象深刻。同樣振奮人心的是這一問題開始受到一些國家的最高權力機構應有的關注。同樣讓人欣喜地是，一些非洲國家領導人開始積極努力制定行動計劃，尋求解決方案。

知識點：
這個段落中的 impressed, encouraged 和heartening其實都是一個意思，因此在翻譯時可以打破英文的原來結構進行靈活處理。

We are hopeful that this meeting will lead to tangible results on the ground, Neither governments, international organizations, nor private companies, can tackle this enormous task alone. It will take action from all of us to beat back this highly organized criminal activity. In the face of such a threat, it is natural to feel powerless, but I have seen the extraordinary impact of advances in protection on the ground, and the power of social media in reducing demand for these products. Each one of us can help by raising our voices to support them. We have to be the generation that stopped the illegal wildlife trade, and secured the future of these magnificent animals, and their habitats, for if we fail, it will be too late.
我們希望本次會議能夠取得切實的結果，無論各國政府，國際組織或者私人企業都無法獨立承擔這一任務。我們大家需要行動起來，打擊這種高度有組織的犯罪活動。面對這樣的威脅，很自然會覺得無助。但我看到在保護野生動物以及社會媒體在減少野生動物製品方面的呼籲產生了重大的影響。我們每個人必須大聲疾呼，支持這些努力。停止野生動物非法交易，保護野生動物及其棲息地的未來，我們這一代人責無旁貸。如果我們不能成功，那麼一切就爲時太晚。

Part 2 Chinese to English Interpreting

Passage 1
最近幾年來，中國經濟增長速度放慢，爲了解決這一問題，2015年，中國政府推行了供給側改革，國際社會對此十分關注，但是也出現了一些的誤解，中國爲什麼會推出這一政策。
In recent years, the Chinese economy is slowing down. To address this issue, the Chinese government rolled out the reform on the supplying side in 2015. The reform, while receiving much attention from the international community, also aroused some misunderstandings. Why did China enforce this policy?

知識點：
rolled out是一個比較口語的說法，也可以說enforce.

在這裏我想強調，中國政府推行的供給側改革和上個世紀80年代，美國和英國搞的供濟側經濟學是完全不一樣的。美國推行供給測經濟學的主要作法是大規律減稅，英國的供給測經濟學的作法是對國有企業進行私有化。而中國推行的供給測改革，所要解決的問題和手段完全不同。
Here I want to emphasize that the current reform China takes on its supplying side is completely different from the supplying side economics carried out in U.S and Great Britain in the 1980s. One of the major measures for American reform is to have great tax reductions, while Britain is privatizing the state-owned enterprises. For China, however, the goals and measures of the reform are totally different.

知識點：
文中出現了很多“供給側改革”或者與之相關的說法，翻譯時需要注意，如果上下文指代清楚，可以省略或者簡化爲““改革”或者“措施”，既可以提高效率，又能使譯文簡練，可聽性高。

中國當前經濟增長面臨的一大問題所有生產領域內都存在產能過剩的問題， 鋼鐵和煤炭行業尤爲突出。 2015年，中國的鋼鐵產量超過8億噸，煤產量接近40億噸，都遠遠大於需求，這導致這兩個行業虧損嚴重。佔用了大量的能源和資源，削減了總體效益。 但另一方面，中國又存在有效供給嚴重不足的問題。比如，消費者需要高端和高質量的消費品，但國內又滿足不了，結果出現大量國內消費者到國外購物，買電飯鍋，甚至抽水馬桶的現象。僅2015年一年，中國消費者在海外花了2000多億美元購買消費品。
One of the outstanding problems facing the Chinese economic growth is the overcapacity in practically every sector of industry, particularly in steel and coal.
In 2015, the volume of steel and iron exceeded 800 million tons and coal production is close to 4 billion tons. Both are far greater than the demand. The overproduction lead to serious losses in the two industries and high consumption of resource and energy. Hence it affects the overall economic benefit. On the other hand, China also suffers from grave insufficiency of effective supply. For instance, the domestic consumers demands higher-end quality goods, which can hardly be provided within the country. Therefore, many Chinese consumers turn to the goods overseas. Their shopping list includes electric cookers and even toilet bowls. In 2015 alone, Chinese people’s expenditure on overseas merchandize amounts to more than 200 billion US dollars.

知識點：
1.“結果出現大量國內消費者到國外購物，買電飯鍋，甚至抽水馬桶的現象”這個句子不適合連起來翻譯，否則給人感覺這些消費者僅僅買了兩樣商品，因此需要稍微調整一下。
2.僅2015年一年，中國消費者在海外花了2000多億美元購買消費品:這個句子可以用消費者做主語，但由於處於句尾，也可以考慮文中的譯法，顯得緊湊。

因此中國推進供給側改革就是要減少過剩產能，同時增加有效供給。今後5年內，中國將減少鋼鐵生產能力1.5億噸，減少煤炭生產能力5億噸。同時，中國政府推出了一系列措施鼓勵企業創新，生產消費者所需要的高端產品，今年在這方面投入的資金將超過500億美元。中國政府也將積極增加在醫療，教育，養老，旅遊等方面的有效供給，我確信，採取這些措施，中國的經濟就可以更加長期穩定的發展。
In this light, China’s reform on supplying side is to slash the overcapacity and increase effective supply. In the coming five years, China will cut the producing capacity of steel by 150 million tons and coal by 500 million tons. At the same time, the Chinese government will take a series of measures to encourage the innovation of the Chinese enterprises. With regard to the production of higher-end products in response to the need of the consumers, the government will invest more than 50 billion U.S dollars. In the meantime, the government will also provide effective supply in the areas of education, health, senior pensions and tourism. I am convinced that these measures will secure Chinese economy with a stable and long term development.

知識點：
今後5年內，中國將減少鋼鐵生產能力1.5億噸，減少煤炭生產能力5億噸。減少一詞譯法很豐富，但如果結構一致，不必換很多的動詞。
　　

Passage 2
人和自然構成了世界，人是自然孕育的精華，自然是人類生存的環境，人類如果對自然進行破壞式的利用和改造，自然也必然還給人類報復性的懲罰。。自從世界大規模的工業化以來，人類生產的物質物質財富前所未有地增長，同時，自然資源和生態環境受到了前所未有地破壞。歷史和現實告訴我們，人類必須自覺地與自然友好相處。人的發展必須與生態的發展平衡共進。
Man and nature are all part of the world we live in. Man is the great achievement of nature while nature provides the surroundings in which man lives. Friendly and harmonious coexistence between man and nature is the prerequisite for the sustainable development of human society. If man should exploit and transform nature in a destructive way, nature will inevitably respond in kind. Since the dawn of large-scale industrialization in the world, material wealth created by man has been growing at an uNPRecedented speed while havoc never seen before has been wrecked to our ecological environment as well as natural resources. History and reality warns us that man must conscientiously strive to live in harmony with nature and our development must be pursued in parallel with ecological improvement.

平衡推進經濟發展、社會進步、環境保護是實現可持續發展的關鍵。我們要堅持在發展中保護、在保護中發展,把良好生態環境作爲公共產品向全民提供。各國實踐表明,經濟發展與環境保護的矛盾並非不可調和,關鍵要有科學發展、綠色發展的思路。尊重自然、順應自然、保護自然,努力走出一條生產發展、生活富裕、生態良好的文明發展道路。
The key to sustainable development lies in balanced economic and social development and environmental protection. We must persist in pursuing economic growth and environmental protection at the same time in a bid to provide a sound environment as a public good to our people and build a modernized China enjoying ecological progress. The experience of various countries has shown that the needs for economic development and for environmental protection are not necessarily irreconcilable as long as a rational and green development approach is pursued. We must respect and protect nature, follow its course, and find a sustainable path of development characterized by enhanced production, prosperous life and sound environment.

知識點：
1.我們要堅持在發展中保護、在保護中發展,把良好生態環境作爲公共產品向全民提供: We must persist in pursuing economic growth and environmental protection at the same time in a bid to provide a sound environment as a public good to中文常常存在這種兩件事物互爲因果的結構，翻譯時容易不倫不類，參考譯文的處理方式值得借鑑。
2.努力走出一條生產發展、生活富裕、生態良好的文明發展道路。find a sustainable path of development characterized by enhanced production, prosperous life and sound environment.這個句子的精華在於characterized by，如果修飾成爲過多，過重，一般不使用with,而是用一個分詞與修飾詞連接，顯得比較符合英語習慣。

我們現在面對的是一個已經遭到破壞的自然。“亡羊補牢,猶爲未晚。”面對不斷惡化的生態環境,我們必須及時採取補救措施。瑞士日內瓦湖曾受過嚴重污染,經過積極治理和嚴格保護,今天變成了阿爾卑斯山脈的一顆自然明珠。本世紀以來,中國大力實施退耕還林工程,2500多萬公頃的荒地、山地重新披上了綠裝。這就啓示我們,當前應將生態環境修復作爲重大基礎工程,擺在經濟社會發展的突出位置來抓。
We live in a damaged natural environment, but as we say in China, it is never too late to make amends. We must take timely remedial measures to address the deteriorating environment. The Geneva Lake in Switzerland, which was once heavily polluted and which now shines like a pearl of the Alpes thanks to active treatment and strict protection. China started to vigorously implement the project of restoring farmland to forests at the beginning of the 21st century and now more than 25 million hectares of wasteland and hillsides are covered by vegetation. These examples tell us that environmental rehabilitation should now be a basic key project and figure prominently in our economic and social development.

知識點：
本世紀以來,中國大力實施退耕還林工程,2500多萬公頃的荒地、山地重新披上了綠裝。這種帶比喻的表達可以考慮簡譯。
這就啓示我們,當前應將生態環境修復作爲重大基礎工程,擺在經濟社會發展的突出位置來抓。此處的“來抓”可以省略，或者理解爲“加以強調”，不必出現人稱，否則顯得比較冗贅。

但過度開發和低效利用是生態環境惡化的重要根源。據聯合國糧農組織統計,全球糧食在生產、流通和消費環節每年浪費13億噸,無效耗用的水資源相當於伏爾加河年流量的3倍,排放的溫室氣體達33億噸。通過改革推動生態資源利用方式的全面轉變,通過制度和技術創新實現節約型的生產和消費,是當前各國面臨的緊迫任務。
Over-exploitation and inefficient utilization, however, is a major cause of environmental degradation. According to the statistics of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, the 1.3 billion tons of food wasted every year during production, circulation and consumption guzzles up a volume of water three times the annual flow of Russia's Volga River and is responsible for 3.3 billion tons of greenhouse gas emissions. It has thus become a pressing task facing all countries to transform the model of ecological resources utilization through reform and achieve conserving production and consumption through institutional and technological innovation.