助動詞語法講解及練習題
助動詞是幫助主要動詞構成各種時態,語態,語氣以及否定或疑問結構的動詞.助動詞分爲時態助動詞和結構助動詞兩種。下面本站小編爲大家帶來助動詞語法講解及練習題，歡迎大家學習
一、助動詞語法講解
1. 助動詞be的用法
1) be +現在分詞，構成進行時態。例如：
They are having a meeting. 他們正在開會。
English is becoming more and more important. 英語現在越來越重要。
2) be + 過去分詞，構成被動語態。例如：
The window was broken by Tom.. 窗戶是湯姆打碎的。
English is taught throughout the world. 世界各地都教英語。
3) be + 動詞不定式，可表示下列內容：
a. 表示最近、未來的計劃或安排。例如：
He is to go to New York next week.. 他下週要去紐約。
We are to teach the freshmen. 我們要教新生。
說明： 這種用法也可以說成是一種將來時態表達法。
b. 表示命令。例如：
You are to explain this. 對此你要做出解釋。
He is to come to the office this afternoon. 要他今天下午來辦公室。
c. 徵求意見。例如：
How am I to answer him? 我該怎樣答覆他?
Who is to go there? 誰該去那兒呢?
d. 表示相約、商定。例如：
We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning. 我們明天早晨7點在校門口集合。
2. 助動詞have的用法
1)have +過去分詞，構成完成時態。例如：
He has left for London. 他已去了倫敦。
By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work. 上月未爲止，他們已經完成工作的一半。
2)have + been +現在分詞，構成完成進行時。例如：
I have been studying English for ten years. 我一直在學英語，已達十年之久。
3)have +been +過去分詞，構成完成式被動語態。例如：
English has been taught in China for many years. 中國教英語已經多年。
3.助動詞do 的用法
1)構成一般疑問句。例如：
Do you want to pass the CET? 你想通過大學英語測試嗎?
Did you study German? 你們學過德語嗎?
2)do + not 構成否定句。例如：
I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批評。
He doesn't like to study. 他不想學習。
In the past, many students did not know the importance of English.
過去，好多學生不知道英語的重要性。
3) 構成否定祈使句。例如：
Don't go there. 不要去那裏。
Don't be so absent-minded. 不要這麼心不在焉。
說明： 構成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。
4)放在動詞原形前，加強該動詞的語氣。例如：
Do come to my birthday party. 一定來參加我的生日宴會。
I did go there. 我確實去那兒了。
I do miss you. 我確實想你。
5)用於倒裝句。例如：
Never did I hear of such a thing. 我從未聽說過這樣的事情。
Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English. 進了大學以後，我們才認識到英語的重要性。
說明： 引導此類倒裝句的副詞有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。
6)用作代動詞。例如：
---- Do you like Beijing? --你喜歡北京嗎?
---- Yes, I do. --是的，喜歡。(do用作代動詞，代替like Beijing.)
He knows how to drive a car, doesn't he? 他知道如何開車，對吧?
4. 助動詞shall和will的用法
shall和will作爲助動詞可以與動詞原形一起構成一般將來時。例如：
I shall study harder at English. 我將更加努力地學習英語。
He will go to Shanghai. 他要去上海。
說明：在過去的語法中，語法學家說shall用於第一人稱，will 只用於第二、第三人稱。現在，尤其是在口語中，will常用於第一人稱，但shall只用於第一人稱，如用於第二、第三人稱，就失去助動詞的意義，已變爲情態動詞，試比較:
He shall come. 他必須來。(shall有命令的意味。)
He will come. 他要來。(will只與動詞原形構成一般將來時。)
5.助動詞should, would的用法
1)should無詞義，只是shall的過去形式，與動詞原形構成過去將來時，只用於第一人稱。例如：
I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week. 我昨天給他打電話，問他我下週幹什麼。
比較："What shall I do next week?" I asked. "我下週幹什麼?"我問道。
可以說，shall變成間接引語時，變成了should。
2) would也無詞義，是will的過去形式，與動詞原形構成過去將來時，用於第二、第三人稱。例如：
He said he would come. 他說他要來。
比較："I will go," he said. 他說："我要去那兒。"變成間接引語，就成了He said he would come。原來的will變成would，go變成了come.。
6. 短語動詞
動詞加小品構成的起動詞作用的短語叫短語動詞。例如：
Turn off the radio. 把收音機關上。(turn off是短語動詞)
短語動詞的構成基本有下列幾種：
1)動詞+副詞，如：black out;
2)動詞+介詞，如：look into;
3)動詞+副詞+介詞，如：look forward to。構成短語動詞的副詞和介詞都統稱爲小品詞
二、練習題：
it is fine tomorrow, we ______ a football match.
A. have B. will have C. has D. shall has
he was at school, he ______ early and take a walk before breakfast.
A. will rise B. shall rise B. should rise would rise
the past 30 years China ______ great advances in the socialist revolution and socialist construction.
A. has made B. have made C. had made D. having made
4.I ______ go to bed until I ______ finished my work.
A. don’t/had B. didn’t/have C. didn’t/had D. don’t/have
5.______ you think he ______ back by dinner time?
A. Do/have come B. Did/will have come C. Does/will come D. Do/will have come
said that he dropped his bag when he ______ for the bus.
A. was runing B. was running C. were running D. is running
sooner ______ he arrived home than he ______ to start on another journey.
A. has/was asked B. have/were asked C. had/is asked D. had/was asked
8.“______ you give me a room for the night?” I asked on arriving at the hotel.
A. Should B. Can C. Might D. May
e are nine of them, so ______ get into the car at the same time.
A. they may not at all B. all they may not C. they can’t all D. all they can’t
10.“We didn’t see him at the lecture yesterday.” “He ______ it.”
A. mustn’t attend B. cannot have attended
C. would have not attended D. needn’t have attended
11.“You realize that you were driving at 100 mph, don’t you?”
“No, officer. I ______. This car can’t do more than 80.”
A. didn’t need to be B. may not have been C. couldn’t have been D. needn’t have been
was a good runner so he ______ escape from the police.
A. might B. succeeded to C. would D. was able to
they ______, our plan will fall flat.
A. are co-operating B. had not co-operated C. won’t co-operate D. didn’t co-operate
14.I hoped ______ my letter.
A. her to answer B. that she would answer C. that she answers D. her answering
______ live in the country than in the city.
A. prefers B. likes to C. had better D. would rather
16.______ to see a film with us today?
A. Did you like B. Would you like C. Will you like D. Have you liked
17.I’m sorry, but I had no alternative. I simply ______ what I did.
A. must do B. had to do C. ought to have done D. have to do
18.“Time is running out,______?”
A. hadn’t we better got start B. hadn’t we better get start
’t we better get started D. hadn’t we better not started
one ______ that to his face.
A. dares say B. dares saying C. dare say D. dare to say
students in the classroom ______ not to make so much noise.
A. need B. ought C. must D. dare
答案：
1-10 BDACD BDBCB
11-20 CDCBD BBCCB
