英語六級備考真及答案
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Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “If you cannot do great things, do small things in a great way. ‟‟You can cite examples to illustrate your point of view. You should write at least l50 words but no more than 200 words.
注意: 此部分試題請在答題卡1上作答。
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or, more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet, with a single line through the centre.
注意: 此部分試題請在答題卡1上作答。
1.A. The man might be able to play in the World Cup.
B. The man‟s football career seems to be at an end.
C. The man was operated on a few weeks.
D. The man is a fan of world famous football players.
2.A. Work out a plan to tighten his budget.
B. Find out the opening hours of the cafeteria.
C. Apply for a senior position in the restaurant.
D. Solve his problem by doing a part time job.
3.A.A financial burden.
B. A good companion.
C. A real nuisance.
D.A well trained pet.
4.A. The errors will be corrected soon.
B. The woman was mistaken herself.
C. The computing system is too complex.
D. He has called the woman several times.
5.A. He needs help to retrieve his files.
B. He has to type his paper once more.
C. He needs some time to polish his paper.
D. He will be away for a two-week conference.
6.A. They might have to change their plan.
B. He has got everything set for their trip.
C. He has a heavier workload than the woman.
D. They could stay in the mountains until June 8.
7.A. They have to wait a month to apply for a student loan.
B. They can find the application forms in the brochure.
C. They are not eligible for a student loan.
D. They are not late for a loan application.
8. A. New laws are yet to be made to reduce pollutant release.
B. Pollution has attracted little attention from the public.
C. The quality of air will surely change for the better.
D. It‟ll take years to bring air pollution under contro1.
Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
9.A. Enormous size of its stores.
B. Numerous varieties of food.
C. Its appealing surroundings.
D. Its rich and colorful history.
10. A. An ancient building.
B. A world of antiques.
C. An Egyptian museum.
D. An Egyptian memorial.
11. A. Its power bill reaches€9 million a year.
B. It sells thousands of light bulbs a day.
C. It supplies power to a nearby town.
D. It generates 70%of the electricity it uses.
12.A.11 500.
B. 30 000.
C. 250 000.
D. 300 000.
Questions l3 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
13.A. Transferring to another department.
B. Studying accounting at a university.
C. Thinking about doing a different job.
D. Making preparations for her wedding.
14. A. She has finally got a promotion and a pay raise.
B. She has got a satisfactory job in another company.
C. She could at last leave the accounting department.
D. She managed to keep her position in the company.
15.A. He and Andrea have proved to be a perfect match.
B. He changed his mind about marriage unexpectedly.
C. He declared that he would remain single all his life.
D. He would marry Andrea even without meeting her.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet Two with a single line through the centre.
注意: 此部分試題請在答題卡1上作答。
Passage One
Questions l6 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A. They are motorcycles designated for water sports.
B. They are speedy boats restricted in narrow waterways.
C. They are becoming an efficient form of water transportation.
D. They are getting more popular as a means of water recreation.
17.A. Water scooter operators‟ lack of experience.
B. Vacationers‟ disregard of water safety rules.
C. Overloading of small boats and other craft.
D. Carelessness of people boating along the shore.
18.A. They scare whales to death.
B. They produce too much noise.
C. They discharge toxic emissions.
D. They endanger lots of water life.
19.A. Expand operating areas.
B. Restrict operating hours.
C. Limit the use of water scooters.
D. Enforce necessary regulations.
Passage Two
Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.
20.A. They are stable.
B. They are close.
C. They are strained.
D. They are changing.
21. A. They are fully occupied with their own business.
B. Not many of them stay in the same place for long.
C. Not many of them can win trust from their neighbors.
D. They attach less importance to interpersonal relations.
22.A. Count on each other for help.
B. Give each other a cold shoulder.
C. Keep a friendly distance.
D. Build a fence between them.
Passage Three
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
23.A. It may produce an increasing number of idle youngsters.
B. It may affect the quality of higher education in America.
C. It may cause many schools to go out of operation.
D. It may lead to a lack of properly educated workers.
24.A. It is less serious in cities than in rural areas.
B. It affects both junior and senior high schools.
C. It results from a worsening economic climate.
D. It is a new challenge facing American educators.
25.A. Allowing them to choose their favorite teachers.
B. Creating a more relaxed learning environment.
C. Rewarding excellent academic performance.
D. Helping them to develop better study habits.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you
should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
注意: 此部分試題請在答題卡1上作答。
I'm interested in the criminal justice system of our country. It seems to me that something has to be done, if we‟re to as a country. I certainly don‟t know what the answers to our problems are. Things certainly get in a hurry when you get into them, but l wonder if something couldn‟t be done to deal with some of these problems. One thing I'm concerned about is our practice of putting in jail who haven‟t harmed anyone. Why not work out some system whereby they can pay back the debts they owe society instead of another debt by going are for that. I'm not sure it‟s right to take an eye for an eye. The alternative to capital punishment is longer sentences, but they would certainly cost the tax payers much money. I also think we must do something about the insanity . In my opinion, anyone who takes another person‟s lifeperson isn‟t guilty of the crime, or that he shouldn‟t pay society the debt he owes. It‟s sad, of course, that a person his mind.
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the blank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
Travel websites have been around since the 1990s, when Expedia, Travelocity, and other holiday booking sites were launched, allowing travelers to compare flight and hotel prices with the click of a mouse. With information no longer 36____ by travel agents or hidden in business networks, the travel industry was revolutionized, as greater transparency helped 37____ prices.
Today, the industry is going through a new revolution—this time transforming service quality. Online rating platforms—38____ in hotels, restaurants, apartments, and taxis—allow travelers to exchange reviews and experiences for all to see.
Hospitality businesses are now ranked, analyzed, and compared not by industry 39____, but by the very people for whom the service is intended—the customer. This has 40____ a new relationship between buyer and seller. Customers have always voted with their feet; they can now explain their decision to anyone who is interested. As a result, businesses are much more 41____, often in very specific ways, which creates powerful 42____ to improve service.
Although some readers might not care for gossipy reports of unfriendly bellboys(行李員)in Berlin or malf-unctioning hotel hairdryers in Houston, the true power of online reviews lies not just in the individual stories, but in the websites' 43____ to aggregate a large volume of ratings.
The impact cannot be 44____. Businesses that attract top ratings can enjoy rapid growth, as new customers are attracted by good reviews and 45____ provide yet more positive feedback. So great is the influence of online ratings that many companies now hire digital reputation managers to ensure a favorable online identity.
注意: 此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。
A) accountable
B. capacity
C. controlled
D. entail
E) forged
F) incentives
G) occasionally
H) overstated
I) persisting
J) pessimistic
K) professionals
L) slash
M) specializing
N) spectators
O) subsequently
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Plastic Surgery
A better credit card is the solution to ever larger hack attacks
[A] A thin magnetic stripe (magstripe) is all that stands between your credit-card information and the bad guys. And they've been working hard to break in. That's why 2014 is shaping up as a major showdown: banks, law enforcement and technology companies are all trying to stop a network of hackers who are succeeding in stealing account numbers, names, email addresses and other crucial data used in identity theft. More than 100 million accounts at Target, Neiman Marcus and Michaels stores were affected in some way during the most recent attacks, starting last November.
[B] Swipe(刷卡)is the operative word: cards are increasingly vulnerable to attacks when you make purchases in a store. In several recent incidents, hackers have been able to obtain massive information of credit-, debit-(借記)or prepaid-card numbers using malware, i.e. malicious software, inserted secretly into the retailers' point-of-sale system—the checkout registers. Hackers then sold the data to a second group of criminals operating in shadowy comers of the web. Not long after, the stolen data was showing up on fake cards and being used for online purchases.
[C] The solution could cost as little as $2 extra for every piece of plastic issued. The fix is a security technology used heavily outside the U.S. While American credit cards use the 40-year-old magstripe technology to process transactions, much of the rest of the world uses smarter cards with a technology called EMV (short for
Europay, MasterCard, Visa) that employs a chip embedded in the card plus a customer PIN (personal identification number) to authenticate(驗證)every transaction on the spot. If a purchaser fails to punch in the correct PIN at the checkout, the transaction gets rejected. (Online purchases can be made by setting up a separate transaction code.)
[D] Why haven't big banks adopted the more secure technology? When it comes to mailing out new credit cards, it's all about relative costs, says David Robertson, who runs the Nihon Report, an industry newsletter: "The cost of the card, putting the sticker on it, coding the account number and expiration date, embossing(凸印)it, the small envelop—all put together, you are in the dollar range." A chip-and-PIN card currently costs closer to $3, says Robertson, because of the price of chips. (Once large issuers convert together, the chip costs should drop.)
[E] Multiply $3 by the more than 5 billion magstripe credit and prepaid cards in circulation in the U.S. Then consider that there's an estimated $12.4 billion in card fraud on a global basis' says Robertson. With 44% of that in the U.S., American credit-card fraud amounts to about $5.5 billion annually. Card issuers have so far calculated that absorbing the liability for even big hacks like the Target one is still cheaper than replacing all that plastic.
[F] That leaves American retailers pretty much alone the world over in relying on magstripe technology to charge purchases—and leaves consumers vulnerable. Each magstripe has three tracks of information, explains payments security expert Jeremy Gumbley, the chief technology officer of CreditCall, an electronic-payments company. The first and third are used by the bank or card issuer. Your vital account information lives on the second track, which hackers try to capture. "Malware is scanning through the memory in real time and looking for data," he says. "It creates a text file that gets stolen."
[G] Chip-and-PIN cards, by contrast, make fake cards or skimming impossible because the information that gets scanned is encrypted(加密). The historical reason the U.S. has stuck with magstripe, ironically enough, is once superior technology. Our cheap, ultra-reliable wired networks made credit-card authentication over the phone frictionless. In France, card companies created EMV in part because the telephone monopoly was so maddeningly inefficient and expensive. The EMV solution allowed transactions to be verified locally and securely.
[H] Some big banks, like Wells Fargo, are now offering to convert your magstripe card to a chip-and-PIN model. (It's actually a hybrid(混合體)that will still have a magstripe, since most U.S. merchants don't have EMV terminals.) Should you take them up on it? If you travel internationally, the answer is yes.
[I] Keep in mind, too, that credit cards typically have better liability protection than debit cards. If someone uses your credit card fraudulently(欺詐性地)it's the issuer or merchant, not you, that takes the hit. Debit cards have different liability limits depending on the bank and the events surrounding any fraud. "If it's available, the logical thing is to get a chip-and-PIN card from your bank," says Eric Adamowsky, a co-founder of . "I would use credit cards over debit cards because of liability issues." Cash still works pretty well too.
[J] Retailers and banks stand to benefit from the lower fraud levels of chip-and-PIN cards but have been reluctant for years to invest in the new infrastructure(基礎設施)needed for the technology, especially if consumers don't have access to it. It's a chicken-and-egg problem; no one wants to spend the money on upgraded point- of-sale systems that can read the chip cards if shoppers aren't carrying them--yet there's little point in consumers' carrying the fancy plastic if stores aren't equipped to use them. (An earlier effort by Target to move to chip and PIN never gained progress.) According to Gumbley, there's a "you-first mentality. The logjam(僵局)has to be broken."
[K] JPMorgan Chase CEO Jamie Dimon recently expressed his willingness to do so, noting that banks and merchants have spent the past decade suing each other over interchange fees—the percentage of the transaction
price they keep-rather than deal with the growing hacking problem. Chase offers a chip-enabled card under its own brand and several others for travel-related companies such as British Airways and Ritz-Carlton.
[L] The Target and Neiman hacks have also changed the cost calculation: although retailers have been reluctant to spend the $6.75 billion that Capgemini consultants estimate it will take to convert all their registers to be chip-and-PIN-compatible, the potential liability they now face is dramatically greater. Target has been hit with class actions from hacked consumers. "It's the ultimate nightmare," a retail executive from a well-known chain admitted to TIME.
[M] The card-payment companies MasterCard and Visa are pushing hard for change. The two firms have warned all parties in the transaction chain--merchant, network, bank--that if they don't become EMV-compliant by October 2015, the party that is least compliant will bear the fraud risk.
[N] In the meantime, app-equipped smartphones and digital wallets--all of which can use EMV technology--are beginning to make inroads(侵襲)on cards and cash. PayPal, for instance, is testing an app that lets you use your mobile phone to pay on the fly at local merchants--without surrendering any card information to them. And further down the road is biometric authentication, which could be encrypted with, say, a fingerprint.
[O] Credit and debit cards, though, are going to be with us for the foreseeable future, and so are hackers, if we stick with magstripe technology. "It seems crazy to me," says Gumbley, who is English, "that a cutting-edge- technology country is depending on a 40-year-old technology." That's why it may be up to consumers to move the needle on chip and PIN. Says Robertson: „„When you get the consumer into a position of worry and inconvenience, that's where the rubber hits the road."
注意: 此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。
46. It's best to use an EMV card for international travel.
47. Personal information on credit and debit cards is increasingly vulnerable to hacking.
48. The French card companies adopted EMV technology partly because of inefficient telephone service.
49. While many countries use the smarter EMV cards, the U.S. still clings to its old magstripe technology.
50. Attempts are being made to prevent hackers from carrying out identity theft.
51. Credit cards are much safer to use than debit cards.
52. Big banks have been reluctant to switch to more secure technology because of the higher costs involved.
53. The potential liability for retailers using magstripe is far more costly than upgrading their registers.
54. The use of magstripe cards by American retailers leaves consumers exposed to the risks of losing account information.
55. Consumers will be a driving force behind the conversion from magstripe to EMV technology.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
The report from the Bureau of Labor Statistics was just as gloomy as anticipated. Unemployment in January jumped to a 16-year high of 7.6 percent, as 598000 jobs were slashed from US payrolls in the worst single-month decline since December, 1974. With 1.8 million jobs lost in the last three months, there is urgent desire to boost the economy as quickly as possible. But Washington would do well to take a deep breath before reacting to the grim numbers.
Collectively, we rely on the unemployment figures and other statistics to frame our sense of reality. They are a vital part of an array of data that we use to assess if we're doing well or doing badly, and that in turn shapes government policies and corporate budgets and personal spending decisions. The problem is that the statistics aren't an objective measure of reality; they are simply a best approximation. Directionally, they capture the trends, but the idea that we know precisely how many are unemployed is a myth. That makes finding a solution all the more difficult.
First, there is the way the data is assembled. The official unemployment rate is the product of a telephone survey of about 60000 homes. There is another survey, sometimes referred to as the "payroll survey," that assesses 400000 businesses based on their reported payrolls. Both surveys have problems. The payroll survey can easily double-count someone: if you are one person with two jobs, you show up as two workers. The payroll survey also doesn't capture the number of self-employed, and so says little about how many people are generating an independent income.
The household survey has a larger problem. When asked straightforwardly, people tend to lie or shade the truth when the subject is sex, money or employment. If you get a call and are asked if you're employed, and you say yes, you're employed. If you say no, however, it may surprise you to learn that you are only unemployed if you've been actively looking for work in the past four weeks; otherwise, you are "marginally attached to the labor force" and not actually unemployed.
The urge to quantify is embedded in our society. But the idea that statisticians can then capture an objective reality isn't just impossible. It also leads to serious misjudgments. Democrats and Republicans can and will take sides on a number of issues, but a more crucial concern is that both are basing major policy decisions on guesstimates rather than looking at the vast wealth of raw data with a critical eye and an open mind.
注意: 此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。
56. What do we learn from the first paragraph?
A) The US economic situation is going from bad to worse.
B) Washington is taking drastic measures to provide more jobs.
C) The US government is slashing more jobs from its payrolls.
D) The recent economic crisis has taken the US by surprise.
57. What does the author think of the unemployment figures and other statistics?
A) They form a solid basis for policy making.
B) They represent the current situation.
C) They signal future economic trends.
D) They do not fully reflect the reality.
58. One problem with the payroll survey is that ________.
A) it does not include all the businesses
B) it fails to count in the self-employed
C) it magnifies the number of the jobless
D) it does not treat all companies equally
59. The household survey can be faulty in that ________.
A) people tend to lie when talking on the phone
B) not everybody is willing or ready to respond
C) some people won't provide truthful information
D) the definition of unemployment is too broad
60. At the end of the passage, the author suggests that ________.
A) statisticians improve their data assembling methods
B) decision makers view the statistics with a critical eye
C) politicians listen more before making policy decisions
D) Democrats and Republicans cooperate on crucial issues
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
At some point in 2008, someone, probably in either Asia or Africa, made the decision to move from the countryside to the city. This nameless person pushed the human race over a historic threshold, for it was in that year that mankind became, for the first time in its history, a predominantly urban species.
It is a trend that shows no sign of slowing. Demographers (人口統計學家) reckon that three-quarters of humanity could be city-dwelling by 2050, with most of the increase coming in the fast-growing towns of Asia and Africa. Migrants to cities are attracted by plentiful jobs, access to hospitals and education, and the ability to escape the boredom of a farmer‟s agricultural life. Those factors are more than enough to make up for the squalor (骯髒), disease and spectacular poverty that those same migrants must often at first endure when they become urban dwellers.
It is the city that inspires the latest book from Peter Smith. His main thesis is that the buzz of urban life, and the opportunities it offers for co-operation and collaboration, is what attracts people to the city, which in turn makes cities into the engines of art, commerce, science and progress. This is hardly revolutionary, but it is presented in a charming format. Mr. Smith has written a breezy guidebook, with a series of short chapters dedicated to specific aspects of urbanity—parks, say, or the various schemes that have been put forward over the years for building the perfect city. The result is a sort of high-quality, unusually rigorous coffee-table book, designed to be dipped into rather than read from beginning to end.
In the chapter on skyscrapers, for example, Mr. Smith touches on construction methods, the revolutionary invention of the automatic lift, the practicalities of living in the sky and the likelihood that, as cities become more crowded, apartment living will become the norm. But there is also time for brief diversions onto bizarre ground, such as a discussion of the skyscraper index (which holds that a boom in skyscraper construction is a foolproof sign of an imminent recession).
One obvious criticism is that the price of breadth is depth; many of Mr. Smith‟s essays raise as many questions as they answer. Although that can indeed be frustrating, this is probably the only way to treat so grand a topic. The city is the building block of civilisation and of almost everything people do; a guidebook to the city is really, therefore, a guidebook to how a large and ever-growing chunk of humanity chooses to live. Mr. Smith‟s book serves as an excellent introduction to a vast subject, and will suggest plenty of further lines of inquiry.
61. In what way is the year 2008 historic?
A) For the first time in history, urban people outnumbered rural people.
B) An influential figure decided to move from the countryside to the city.
C) It is in this year that urbanisation made a start in Asia and Africa.
D) The population increase in cities reached a new peak in Asia and Africa.
62. What does the author say about urbanisation?
A) Its impact is not easy to predict. C) It is a milestone in human progress.
B) Its process will not slow down. D) It aggravates the squalor of cities.
63. How does the author comment on Peter Smith‟s new book?
A) It is but an ordinary coffee-table book.
B) It is flavoured with humourous stories.
C) It serves as a guide to arts and commerce.
D) It is written in a lively and interesting style.
64. What does the author say in the chapter on skyscrapers?
A) The automatic lift is indispensable in skyscrapers.
B) People enjoy living in skyscrapers with a view.
C) Skyscrapers are a sure sign of a city‟s prosperity.
D) Recession closely follows a skyscraper boom.
65. What may be one criticism of Mr. Smith‟s book?
A) It does not really touch on anything serious.
B) It is too long for people to read from cover to cover.
C) It does not deal with any aspect of city life in depth.
D) It fails to provide sound advice to city dwellers.
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
漢朝是中國歷史上最重要的朝代之一。漢朝統治期間有很多顯著的成就。它最先向其他文化敞開大門, 對外貿易興旺。漢朝開拓的絲綢之路通向了中西亞乃至羅馬。各類藝術一派繁榮, 涌現了很多文學、歷史、哲學鉅著。公元l00年中國第一部字典編撰完成, 收入9 000個字, 提供釋義並列舉不同的寫法: 英間, 科技方面也取得了很大進步, 發明了紙張、水鍾、日晷(sundials)以及測量地震的儀器。漢朝歷經400年, 但統治者的腐敗最終導致了它的滅亡。
注意: 此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。
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英語六級備考真題答案Part one Writing 參考範文
Doing small things in a great way
Throughout the ages, only a few people can climb the ladder of success to the top and be admired by the world.
What may surprise us is that most people achieve success by doing small things in a great way. Just as the saying goes, “If you cannot do great things, do small things in a great way.” That means one does not necessarily become a great man, but he can still be successful and win respect from others by doing common work in a perfect way.
Actually, history abounds with examples to prove his saying. The late CEO of Apple, Steve Jobs, is a case in
point. He was so addicted to details that he could not stop pushing his staff to pursue perfection in design and production. It is due to his focus on small things that Apple has made great success in the mobile field, producing products that are not only innovative, but also superior.
As college students, we should keep in mind that it is of great necessity for us to enhance ourselves by doing
small things perfectly. Only when all small things add up can many impossibilities be made possible.
Part II Listening Comprehension
Section A
O: What do we learn from the conversation?
A)【精析】綜合理解題。男士告訴女士自己不用做手術了, 幾周後有可能就可以像以前那樣踢足球了;女士回答說, 如果男士能在舉行世界盃時恢復健康 就好了。可見男士有可能參加世界盃比賽。 terrific在口語中指“很好, 太棒了”;in shape意爲 “處於良好狀態”。
2. M: I really need to make some extra money. You know, I've practically spent my entire budget for this semester.
Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?
D.【精析】請求建議題。男士表示他這個學期的預算已經用光了, 需要去賺錢;女士使用Why not…句式建議男士去市場街的新餐廳打聽一下, 她認爲那裏仍有合適的空缺崗位。換句話說, 女士建議男士去做一份兼職工作來賺錢。
3. M: I hear John left his cat in your care while he‟s on vacation abroad. How are you getting along with it?
W: Well, it never comes when I call it. It s ills its food and sheds all over the place. I can't wait till John gets back.
Q: How does the woman find the cat?
C.【精析】觀點態度題。男士詢問女士與小貓相處得如何: 女士說它一點也不聽話, 而且經常打翻食物, 還到處掉毛, 簡直讓人無法忍受。可見女士非常討厭這隻小貓: nuisance意爲“令人厭煩的人或東西”:
4. W: Hello. Prof. White. I got my grade in the mail this morning, but I think there might be a mistake in my mark. Q: What does the man mean?
A)【精析】語義理解題: 女士告訴男士(教授)她認爲自己的分數有誤;男士回答他已接到好幾個反映此問題的電話了. 估計是計算機系統出了毛病, 並表示錯誤會在幾個小時內得到糾正。straighten out 意爲“改正.
解決. 處理”:
W: I'm sorry, Rod. I'm leaving for a conference tomorrow and I'll be away two weeks. I suppose you could send me an e-copy.
Q: Why does the man say he can't submit his assignment on time?
B.【精析】目的原因題。男士即將打完的論文因電腦出故障而丟失文件, 所以他向教授申請多給一天時間重新打出來。由此可見, 男士不能按時交論文是因爲電腦出現故障, 要重新打。wipe out意爲“抹去, 消除”;retrieve意爲“重新得到, 恢復”。
6. W: I just called the travel agency. It's all set. and we'll be camping there for a whole week. Q: What does the man imply? A)【精析】弦外之音題。女士告訴男士出行計劃: 6月1號出發去山區. 並在那裏野營一週;男士回答說, 他的課程一直到8號才能結束。可見, 他們不得不改變計劃。
7. W: I thought there were still time for me to apply for a student loan, but someone just told me that the closing date was last Tuesday.
Q: What does the man imply?
D.【精析】弦外之音題。女士告訴男士她本以爲還有時間申請助學貸款, 但是有人告訴她申請已於上週二截止;男士在查看了宣傳手冊(brochure)後確認, 上週二是開始進行申請的時間。可見, 他們還有時間申請助學貸款。
8. W: Look at all the pollutants going into the air from those factories. Do you think they‟ll ever get that under control? Q: What does the man mean?
C.【精析】觀點態度題。女士對工廠向空氣中排放污染物感到氣憤, 問男士這種情況是否能得到控制;男士回答說, 隨着新法律的實施和社會意識的增強, 這種局面一定能夠得到扭轉。可見, 男士持樂觀態度, 認爲空氣質量能夠得到改善。turn around 意爲“好轉. 扭轉, 有起色”。
Conversation One
W: Tell me, Peter, what makes Harrods so famous?
M: Well, it's the biggest department store in the UK, and its food hall and Egyptian hall are very famous.
People come to Harrods just to see them. more than 180 kinds of bread. Customers also love all the different kinds of chocolate. They buy 100 tons every year. M: But during the sales, the number increases to 300 000 customers a day. How much do they spend? Well, on average, customers spend about 1.5 million a day. The record for one day is 9 million.
W.. 9 million pounds in one day?
M: Yes, on the first day of the January sales.
W: Harrods says it sells everything to everybody everywhere. Is that really true? M: Oh, yes, of course. Absolutely everything.
【答案詳解】
9. What is the food hall of Harrods noted for?
B.【精析】細節辨認題。女士詢問男士食品大廳有什麼特別之處. 男士說那裏出售很多不同種類的食品, B.的內容與此一致。
10. What does the Egyptian hall seem like to the customers?
A)【精析】推理判斷題。女士詢問男士爲什麼埃及大廳非常出名;男士回答說, 當人們看到它時, 會感覺進入了另外一個世界, 它看起來就像4 000多年前的古埃及建築。
11. What may customers find surprising about Harrods?
D.【精析】推理判斷題。女士問男士哈羅茲自己發電的說法是否屬實, 男士表示確有此事, 並解釋說哈羅茲自己的發電量佔到總用電量的70%。
12. About how many customers come to Harrods on an average day?
B.【精析】時間數字題。女士詢問哈羅茲商場平均每天有多少顧客光臨, 男士明確回答說大約3萬人。D.有很強的干擾性, 通過聽下文可知30萬是商場降價時的人數:
Conversation Two W: Hi, Kevin.
M: Hi, Lora. Long time no see. What have you been up to lately? W: Not much, I can assure you. And you? M: Much the same except I do have some big news. W: Come on, this suspense is killing me. in the accounting department.
M: A step up in the big business world. they weren't going to recognize my efforts.
M: Right, sometimes you can do your best and it seems like the others don't know you exist. I hope the money is better.
W: I got a reasonable raise. Now, enough about me. I'm dying to hear your news.
M: That was then, and this is now. You've got to meet Andrea. She is great. W: This is all news to me. I didn't even know you were dating.
M: We weren't. We've just been dating for two weeks now. W: And you are getting married?
M: I know. I can't help it. I just know she is the one. W: Well, congratulations! That's fantastic.
M: Thanks, I'm glad to hear you feel that way.
【答案詳解】
13. What was the woman doing when the man last saw her?
C.【精析】細節推斷題。在對話中, 男士詢問女士最近在忙着做什麼, 並回憶說上次碰見她時, 她正忙着找工作;女士糾正說, 她不是在找工作, 而是在考慮換工作。
14. Why does the woman say she was relieved?
A)【精析】目的原因題。對話中女士提到, 對於原來那份工作. 一直期待着能夠得到晉升. 當真正得到晉升時女士感覺很欣慰。因此, 女士感到欣慰的原因是她升職加薪了。
15. Why is the woman surprised at the man's news?
B)【精析】目的原因題: 男士告訴女士他馬上要結婚了. 女士感到很驚訝. 因爲男士曾說過他一輩子不結婚: 可見. 女士感到驚訝是因爲男士對婚姻的看法發生了出人意料的轉變:
Section B
passage One
Water scooters are water vehicles that look very much like motorcycles. ( 16 ) young people. The rising popularity of the craft has raised a question of water scooter regulation. In this case, the For example, two women were vacationing in Longboat Key. While they were floating on a rubber boat along the shore, a water scooter crashed into them and killed them. Also, water scooter operators have been killed and seriously injured in collisions with other water craft. Others have been stranded at sea when their scooters either failed or sank far from shore. The increasing popularity of the scooter has aggravated the problem, providing more water vehicles to compete for the same space. Crowded waterways are simply an open sure to multiply, which makes many beaches unsafe for recreation.
【答案詳解】
16. What does the speaker say about water scooters?
D)【精析】推理判斷題: 短文開頭對水上摩托車進行了介紹. 提到它正越來越受歡迎. 接着指出水上摩托車是一種致命的水上娛樂方式: 綜合可知水上摩托車作爲一種水上娛樂方式深受歡迎。
17. What is mentioned as one of the causes of water accidents?
A)【精析】細節推斷題。短文中提到. 許多水上摩托車的操作人員缺乏操作經驗, 並且無視航海規定這就使發生事故的可能性大大增加。結合選項 A)爲其中的原因之一。
18. In what way are water scooters said to be an environmental nuisance?
B)【精析】細節推斷題。短文中提到, 水上摩托車是一種環境公害, 之後進行了解釋: 海灘上的居民埋怨其噪音, 隨後又提到噪音甚至嚇跑一種前往夏威夷繁殖後代的瀕臨滅絕的鯨魚。由此可起. 水上摩托車產生了太多噪音從而影響了環境:
19. What does the speaker propose to ensure the safe of beaches for recreation?
D)【精析】推理判斷題。針對水上摩托車產生爲衆多問題. 短文在結尾處提出建議. 如設定最小駕齡、限定駕駛水域及學習水上安全的必修課程等: 結合四個選項, 僅有D)表述正確。
Passage Two
It seems to me that neighbors are going out of style in America. The friend next door from whom you borrowed four eggs or a ladder has moved and the people in there now are strangers. Some of the traditional stories of neighborliness are impractical or silly, and it may be just as well that our relations with ( 20 The saying in the Bible "Love Thy Neighbor" was probably a poor translation of what must have
The only thing neighbors have in common, to begin with, is proximity, and unless
something more develops, that isn't reason enough to be best friends. It sometimes happens naturally, but the yard, you discuss problems as they arise and you help each other in an emergency. The driveway or the fence between you is not really a cold shoulder, but a clear boundary. We all like clearly-defined boundaries for ourselves.
【答案詳解】
20. What does the speaker say about the relations among neighbors nowadays?
D)【精析】事實細節題。對於現在的鄰里關係, 文中明確提到, 我們與鄰居的關係正在發生變化。
21. Why does the speaker say it may be difficult for people to love their neighbors?
B)【精析】目的原因題。文中提到, 不超過一半的美國人在一個地方的居住時間超過五年, 很難建立深厚的鄰里友誼, 所以這也是人們很難喜歡鄰居的原因之一。B)是對此句的簡短概括。
22. What should neighbors do in the speaker's opinion?
C) 【精析】事實細節題。對於處理鄰里關係, 短文在結尾處提出了建議: 最佳的鄰里關係是保持一種友好的距離;C)是對該意思的同義轉述。
Passage Three
Articles in magazines and newspapers and special reports on radio and television reflect the concern of many The high student dropout rate is not a recent development. Ten years ago, many urban schools were reporting dropout rates between 35 and 50 percent. Some administrators maintain that dropouts remain the single greatest problem in their schools. Consequently, much effort has been spent on identifying students with problems in order classes with teachers who have had success in working with similar young people. know how to keep all students in school. Counselors, teachers and administrators are in the frontlines of what seems at times to be a losing battle. Actually, the problem should be everyone's concern, since uneducated, unemployed citizens affect us all.
【答案詳解】
23. Why are many Americans concerned with the increasing dropout rate in school?
D)【精析】目的原因題。短文開頭就提到學生輟學率不斷提高所帶來的不良影響: 會導致將來缺乏具有適當教育水平的社會勞動力, 該結果也正是許多美國人擔心此事的主要原因。
24. What do we learn about the student dropout problem in America?
B)【精析】綜合理解題。對於美國學生輟學這一問 題, 文中提到輟學現象不是開始於高中, 而是在初中就已經出現了。換句話說, 輟學現象對初、高中都產生了影響。
25. What is mentioned as one of the strategies used to motivate students?
Section C
26. survive【精析】語義推斷題。分析句子結構可知, 空格處應該填入一個動詞(詞組), 與空格前的不定式符號to構成不定式結構。結合錄音填入survive, 意爲。倖存. 活下來”
27. complicated【精析】句意推斷題。分析句子結構可知, 空格處應該填入一個形容詞(詞組)作系動詞get的表語。根據句意可判斷此處應填一個表示“複雜的”之意的單詞: 結合錄音填入complicated。
28. offenders【精析】語義推斷題。分析句子結構可知, 空格處應該填入一個名詞(詞組)作putting的賓語。空格後who引導的定語從句是對空格處名詞的進一步解釋. 意爲“沒有傷害到他人的人”。結合錄音填入0ffenders, 意爲“犯罪者”。
29. incurring【精析】語義推斷題。分析句子結構可知, 空格處應該填入名詞或動名詞作介詞短語instead of的賓語。結合錄音填入incurring, incur a debt意爲“欠債”。
30. under the influence of【精析】習慣搭配題。分析句子結構可知, 空格處應填入一個介詞結構連接空格前的coming以及C)【精析】細節推斷題。短文最後論述瞭解決輟學問題的辦法。在高中, 對學生的激勵政策包括獎勵學習優秀的學生, 或者指定每月的獎學金獲得者, 或者發放衣服。空格後的hardened criminals。結合錄音填入 under the influence of, 意爲。在……的影響下”。
31. serving for【精析】習慣搭配題。由空格前的are以及空格後的serious crimes推測, 空格處應填入一個動詞(詞組)的分詞形式。結合錄音填入serving for意爲“服役, 服刑”。
32. restore【精析】句意推斷題。分析句子結構可知, 空格處應該填入一個動詞(詞組), 與其前的不定式符號to構 成不定式結構。結合錄音填入restore, 意爲“恢復”。
33. plea【精析】修飾關係題。分析句子結構可知, 空格處應填入一個名詞被insanity修飾。結合錄音填入plea, 意爲“藉口”。
34. intentionally【精析】句意推斷題。空格所在部分who引導的定語從句結構完整, 故推測空格處應填入一個副詞(詞組)。結合錄音填入intentionally, 意爲“故意地”。
35. committed【精析】語境同現題。分析句子結構可知, that引導的定語從句缺少謂語成分。結合錄音填入committed, 意爲“犯罪, 做錯事”。
Part III Reading Comprehension Section A
【文章來源】本文選自www. project—syndicate. org上的一篇文章, 標題爲"The Ratings Revolution"(《評價革命》)。
【結構框圖】
【參考譯文】
旅遊網站出現於20世紀90年代, 當Expedia, Travelocity和其他假日預訂網站被推出時, 遊客通過點擊鼠標就可以比較航班和酒店的價格。隨着信息不再被旅行社控制或隱藏在商業網絡中, 旅遊業發生了徹底的變革. 因爲更大的透明度大幅度削減了旅行的價格。
今天的旅遊業正在經歷一場新的革命, 這次的革命能改變服務質量。專注於酒店、餐館、公寓和出租車的在線評價平臺使遊客們可以交流意見和體驗, 並且所有人都能看到這些信息。
現在, 不僅業內專業人士會對旅遊服務業進行排名、分析及比較, 那些接受服務的人, 即遊客也有了發言權。這就在服務的賣方和買方之間形成了一種新的關係。顧客們總會用他們的實際體驗來投票. 他們現在可以給任何有興趣的人解釋自己作出某種決定的原因。因此. 在一些具體的方面. 旅遊業成爲一個更加負責的行業, 從而爲旅遊業改進服務質量創造了強有力的動力:
雖然一些讀者可能並不在意關於柏林不友好的行李員或者休斯敦酒店裏壞掉的吹風機的飛短流長, 但在線評價的真正力量不僅在於個別故事. 更在於網站能聚合大量的評價:
這種影響力再誇張也不爲過: 能夠吸引到好評價的公司會快速發展起來. 因爲新顧客會被好評價吸引過來, 隨後又會給出更多積極正面的評價: 在線評價的影響力很大. 很多公司僱用網絡聲譽經理, 以確保自己在網絡上保持一個好名聲:
【答案詳解】
36. 【考點】動詞辨析題。C)【語法判斷】該空格位於With引導的介詞短語中, 由短語中的or和hidden可推知. 所填詞也應是動詞過去分詞形式. 表示被動: 【語義判斷】文章首句提到. 遊客可以在旅遊網站上比較航班和酒店的價格. 由此可知, 信息都是公開透明的. 而不是被某個旅行社所“掌控”, 備選動詞中, controlled“控制”符合題意, 故爲答案。
37. 【考點】動詞辨析題。L)【語法判斷】該空格位於動詞helped之後, 名詞prices之前, 據此判斷應填入動詞原形, 構成help do sth. 的結構。【語義判斷】由第一段首句可知, 遊客可以在旅遊 網站上比較航班和酒店的價格, 也就是說, 旅遊網站可以幫助遊客選擇報價更低的航班和酒店。結合備選項, slash“大幅度削減”符合題意。
38. 【考點】動詞辨析題。M)【語法判斷】空格位於後置定語中, 用來補充說明在線評價平臺涉及的領域, 故應填入現在分詞, 且能與in構成固定搭配。【語義判斷】備選動詞中, 表示“涉及”且能與in搭配的現在分詞只有specializing“專門從事”, 故爲答案: specialize in爲固定搭配, 意爲“專攻”。
39. 【考點】名詞辨析題。K)【語法判斷】空格位於by引導的介詞短語裏, 表示動作的實施者, 由此推斷應填入表示人或機構的名詞。【語義判斷】備選名詞中, professionals“專業人士”符合題意, 故爲答案。備選項中, spectators“觀衆”雖然滿足語法要求, 但其含義與上下文不符, 故排除。
40. 【考點】動詞辨析題。E)【語法判斷】空格位於has之後, 賓語a new relationship之前, 據此判斷應填入過去分詞。【語義判斷】由賓語a new relationship可知, 所填動詞應該表示“建立, 構建”等意思。備選動詞中, forged“形成, 締造”符合題意, 故爲答案。
41. 【考點】形容詞辨析題。A)【語法判斷】由空格前的are much more可以推斷應填入形容詞。【語義判斷】結合後半句中的powerful和improve service可知, 空格處應填入表示積極意義的形容詞。備選形容詞中, 符合要求的只有accountable“負有責任的”, 故爲答案。
42. 【考點】名詞辨析題。F)【語法判斷】該空格位於形容詞powerful之後. 動詞不定式to improve之前, 據此判斷應填入名詞。【語義判斷】根據上下文推斷, 在線評價這種方式對旅遊業改進服務起到了促進作用。備選名詞中. 符合該語境的只有incentives“刺激, 動力”, 故爲答案:
43. 【考點】名詞辨析題。B)【語法判斷】該空格位於名詞所有格之後, 據此判斷應填入名詞;【語義判斷】備選名詞中, 符合語境的是capacity“能力”. 這裏表示網站能聚合大量的評價。
44. 【考點】動詞辨析題。H)【語法判斷】該空格位於be動詞之後, 可填入形容詞或者動詞的過去分詞。
【語義判斷】最後一段第二、三句主要講述好評價的重要作用, 故空格所在句也應該是講好評價的重要性。備選詞中. overstated“誇張, 誇大”符合文意, 故爲答案。cannot be overstated意爲“再誇張也不爲過”。
45. 【考點】副詞辨析題。o)【語法判斷】該空格位於動詞provide之前, 而且即使去掉該空格。也不會影響到句意. 因此推斷此處應填入副詞。【語義判斷】由空格所在句中的good reviews和 more positive feedback可知, 所填入的副詞應能 體現出時間先後順序。備選副詞中. subsequently“隨後, 接着”符合文意, 故爲答案。
Section B
【參考譯文】
信用卡手術
一張更好的信用卡可以抵擋更多黑客的攻擊
A) 一條窄窄的磁條是你的信用卡信息和那些壞傢伙之間的唯一障礙。而這些壞傢伙一直費盡心機想要突破這層障礙。這就是2014年對立雙方決定一決雌雄的原因: (50)銀行、執法和技術公司都努力與黑客作鬥爭, 這些黑客在盜用用戶的賬號、姓名、郵箱地址和其他關鍵的身份信息方面很有一手。去年11月份以來發生的大多數黑客攻擊中, 塔吉特、尼曼·馬庫斯和邁克爾斯三大零售的1億多客戶都受到了一定程度的影響。
B) (47)中, 黑客通過將惡意軟件祕密植入零售店的銷售點結算登記系統·進而獲取信用卡、借記卡或儲值卡中的大量信息。黑客們隨後會把這些數據賣給網絡暗角的第二組犯罪團伙。不久之後, 這些被竊取的數據就會出現在假的信用卡中, 並用於網上購物。
C) 要解決這一問題, 只需多花2美元得到一張發行的信用卡。這一解決辦法是一項安全加固技術, 廣泛用於美國以外的國家;(49)當美國的信用卡還在使用40年之前的磁條技術來處理信用卡交易的時候. 國外許多國家都在使用一種利用芯片加密技術的信用卡·這種卡更智能。這種卡中嵌入了一個芯片. 再加上一個客戶個人識別碼. 就可以現場驗證每一筆交易。如果購買者結算時不能輸入正確的個人識別碼. 那麼這次交易就無法完成: (網上購物也可以通過設立獨立的交易碼來完成。)
D) 行業簡報《尼爾森報告》的負責人大衛·羅伯遜說。“卡的成本, 給信用卡加磁條, 給卡編碼並凸印賬號和有效期限, 還有小信封, 所有的這些加起來的成本就1美元了。‟‟目前, 一張芯片加個人識別 碼的卡大概要花費3美元, 羅伯遜說道, 因爲芯片的價格高昂。(一旦大的髮卡行一起更換卡片, 芯片的成本就會降下來。) E) 美國現在流通中的磁條信用卡和儲值卡超過50億張, 我們可以用這個數字乘以3美元。那麼, 考慮一下, 世界上估計共有l24億美元資金陷入信用卡詐騙當中, 羅伯遜說。而這當中, 44%出現在美國, 美國的信用卡詐騙的金額每年高達55億美元。目前, 信用卡髮卡行預計, 即使是承擔塔吉特商店這樣的大型黑客攻擊案件的責任, 也比換代所有的信用卡要實惠。
到侵害。每個磁條有三條記錄信息的軌道, 支付安全專家傑瑞米·岡布利解釋道, 他本人也是電子支付公司“信用卡支付公司”的技術總監。其中, 第一條和第三條軌道給銀行或者信用卡髮卡行使用。你的重要賬戶信息在第二條軌道上, 這正是黑客努力去獲取的信息。“惡意軟件會實時掃描這些存儲器以搜尋數據, ”他說道, “這個軟件能創建一個被盜的文本文檔。”
G)相反, 芯片加個人識別碼信用卡能防止假冒卡片或提取信息, 因爲這種信用卡中會被搜尋到的信息已經加密。美國之所以堅持使用磁條技術, 其歷史原因非常諷刺, 那就是因爲這項技術曾經是美國的優勢技術。我們的有線網絡便宜、可信度高, 這就使得電話信用卡驗證暢通無阻。(48)在法國。信用卡公司之所以會創造芯片卡, 部分原因在於電話壟斷導致該過程低效得讓人極度惱火, 而且價格高昂。芯片卡這一解決方法能夠讓交易驗證地方化, 並且更加安全。
H)一些大銀行, 比如美國富國銀行, 現在正主動爲客戶提供將磁條卡轉換爲芯片加密碼卡的服務。(事實上, 這是一種混合卡, 該卡仍然有磁條, 因爲大多數美國商家沒有芯片卡終端。)你應該接受這種服務嗎?(46)如果你要出國旅遊的話, 那麼你就應該接受。
I) (51)但是也要記住, 相比借記卡, 信用卡能提供更好的責任保護。如果有人利用欺詐性手段使用了你的信用卡, 那麼應該是髮卡行或者商家承擔損失, 而不是你。而借記卡有不同的責任限額, 取決於銀行和欺詐事件的具體情況。“如果條件允許, 按理應去髮卡行換一張芯片加密碼的信用卡, 信用卡圈內人網站的聯合創始人埃裏克·阿達莫夫斯基說道。“因爲責任問題, 比起借記卡, 我寧願使用信用卡。”使用現金也是一個很好的選擇。
J) 零售商和銀行很可能會是芯片加密碼信用卡低欺詐率的受益者, 然而多年來它們卻一直不願爲這項技術投資建設新的基礎設施, 特別是在消費者無法使用的情況下。這就像是“雞和蛋”的問題: 如果消費者不使用芯片卡, 那麼就沒有人願意花錢升級能讀取這種芯片卡的銷售點體系;但是如果商店沒有能夠使用那些信用卡的設備, 消費者也不會去使用那些設計精巧的信用卡。(先前塔吉特商場曾試圖向芯片加密碼信用卡的方向發展。但沒有取得任何進展。)岡布利稱, 大家都有一種一你先的心理, 必須打破這個僵局。”
K)摩根大通總裁傑米·德曼近期表示願意這樣做, 他提到, 銀行和商家在過去的十年中一直在交換費問題上互相指責——他們各自保留的交易價格比例——而沒有解決越來越嚴重的黑客問題。摩根大通爲消費者提供一張自身品牌下的芯片信用卡, 另外還爲英國航空公司和麗嘉酒店這類旅行相關的公司提供了數種其他類型的信用卡。
L) 儲設備都轉變爲與芯片加密碼的信用卡兼容的設備, 大約需要67. 5億美元, 雖然零售商不願花這筆錢, 但是它們現在面臨的潛在債務卻在急劇增加。塔吉特公司遭到了來自被黑客攻擊的消費者的集體訴訟。“這是最糟糕的噩夢, ”一家知名連鎖店的零售主管告訴《時代》週刊的記者。
M) 信用卡支付公司萬事達和維薩正大力推進換代進程。兩家公司對交易鏈中包括商家、網絡公司和銀行在內的所有參與方都發出了警告, 截至2015年10月份, 如果它們還不能做到與芯片信用卡兼容, 那麼透程最饅的一方將承擔欺詐風險。
N) 同時. 安裝相應程序的智能手機和數字錢包都可以使用芯片技術, 這一趨勢給信用卡和現金帶來了衝擊。例如: 貝寶正在測試—個應用程序, 該程序運行時能讓你利用手機在當地商家進行支付, 而不用向商家提供信用卡的任何信息。更進一步的發展趨勢是生物特徵身份認證, 如使用指紋等進行加密。
O) 然而. 在可預見的將來, 信用卡和借記卡還會繼續存在, 而如果我們堅持使用磁條技術, 黑客也會繼續存在。“我簡直難以想象, 一個擁有無數尖端技術的國家還在使用40年前的技術, ”英國人岡布利說道。(55)這就是可能我們還是會依賴消費者來推進向芯片加密碼方向發展的原因。羅伯遜說: “如果你讓消費者感到擔憂, 感到不方便, 那麼這就是改變開始的時候了。”
【答案詳解】
46. 【定位】由題幹中的international travel定位到H)段最後一句。H)【精析】同義轉述題。H)段首句指出, 一些大銀行正主動爲客戶提供將磁條卡轉換爲芯片加密碼卡的服務。隨後採用設問句給出了建議, 即如果你 要出國旅遊的話, 那麼你就應該接受這種服務, 也 就是說, 出國旅行時最好使用芯片卡。題幹是對定位句的同義轉述, 故答案爲H)。
47. 【定位】由題幹中的credit and debit cards和increasingly vulnerable定位到B)段前兩句。B)【精析】細節推斷題。定位句提到, “刷卡”是關鍵詞: 當你在商店裏購物的時候, 你的信用卡越來越容易受到攻擊。在最近的幾起事件當中。黑客通過將惡意軟件祕密植入零售店的銷售點結算登記系 統, 進而獲取信用卡、借記卡或儲值卡中的大量信 息。題幹中的hacking對應定位句中的attacks, 題幹是對定位句的推斷, 故答案爲B)。
48. 【定位】由題幹中的French和inefficient定位到 G)段倒數第二句。G)【精析】同義轉述題。定位句提到, 在法國, 信用卡公司之所以會創造芯片卡, 部分原因在於電話壟斷導致該過程低效得讓人極度惱火, 而且價格高 昂。題幹中的partly對應定位句中的in part, 題 干與定位句意思一致, 故答案爲G)。
49. 【定位】由題幹中的EMV, the US和magstripe technology定位到C)段第三句。C)【精析】同義轉述題。定位句提到, 當美國人還在使用40年之前的磁條技術來處理信用卡交易的時候. 國外許多國家都在使用一種利用芯片加密技術的信用卡, 這種卡更智能。題幹中的clings to對應定位句中的use, 題幹中的smarter和EMV都能在定位句中找到相同的單詞, 故答案爲C)。
50. 【定位】由題幹中的identity theft定位到A)段第三句。A)【精析】細節歸納題。定位句提到, 銀行、執法和技術公司都努力與黑客作鬥爭, 這些黑客在盜用用戶的賬號、姓名、郵箱地址和其他關鍵的身份信息方面很有一手。故答案爲A)。
51. 【定位】由題幹中的Credit cards, much safer和debit cards定位到I)段首句。I)【精析】同義轉述題。定位句指出, 但是也要記住相比借記卡, 信用卡能提供更好的責任保護。由此可見, 信用卡用起來要比借記卡更安全。題幹是對定位句的同義轉述, 故答案爲I)。
52. 【定位】由題幹中的Big banks和more secure technology定位到D)段前兩句。D)【精析】細節推斷題。定位句提到, 各大銀行沒有采 用這項更爲安全的技術是因爲郵寄新的信用卡需要考慮到相關成本。由此可知, 各大銀行沒有采用這項更爲安全的技術是因爲成本高。題幹中的switch to 對應定位句中的adopted, 故答案爲D)。
53. 【定位】由題幹中的The potential liability, far more costly和registers定位到L)段第一句。L)【精析】細節推斷題。定位句提到, 塔吉特和尼曼發生的黑客事件也改變了成本計算: 據凱捷公司的諮詢師估計, 要想將它們所有的存儲設備都轉變爲與芯片加密碼的信用卡兼容的設備, 大約需要67. 5億美元, 雖然零售商不願花這筆錢, 但是它們現在面臨的潛在債務卻在急劇增加。由此可知, 零售商面臨的潛在債務要高於將所有的存儲設備都轉變爲與芯片加密碼的信用卡兼容的設備的費用。題幹中的far more costly是對定位句中的dramatically greater的同義轉述, 故答案爲L)。
54. 【定位】由題幹中的magstripe, retailers和 consumers定位到F)段第一句。 F)【精析】細節推斷題。定位句提到, 美國零售商幾乎已成爲世界上唯一使用磁條技術收費的商家, 這使得美國消費者非常容易受到侵害。題幹中的exposed to the risks對應定位句中的vulnerabk. 題幹是對定位句的推斷, 故答案爲F)。
55. 【定位】由題幹中的Consumers, a driving force 和conversion定位到o)段倒數第二句。O)【精析】細節推斷題。定位句提到, 這就是可能我們還是會依賴消費者來推進向芯片加密碼方向發展的原因。題幹中的a driving force behind the conversion是對定位句中的move the needle的同 義轉述, 故答案爲O)。
Section C
Passage One
【參考譯文】
有59.8萬個就業機會被大幅削減, 這是自1974年12月以來單月減少最多的一個月。在過去的三個月裏有, 美國政府在對這個殘酷的數字採取行動之前最好還是深吸一口氣。
部分, 我們利用這些數據來評價我們究竟做得好還是不好, 這些數據反過來也會影響政府決策、公司預算和個人支出決定。(57)問題是這些數據並沒有客觀反映現實, 它們只是最接近現實而已。有指導意義的是, 這些數據反映就業趨勢, 但是失業的精確人數還是個謎, 而這使得尋找應對之策變得異常艱難。首先, 蒐集數據用了這樣一種方法: 官方的失業率是通過電話調查了大約6萬戶家庭得出的結果。還有一種調查, 有時候被稱爲“工資單調查”, 通過40萬家公司上報的工資總支出來估算失業率。(58)這兩種調查都存在問題。工資單調查很容易把某人“算重”: 如果一個人有兩份工作, 工資單上就會顯示爲兩個人。工資單調查也無法獲知個體經營者的數量, 很少涉及創造獨立收入的人數。
家庭調查還有一個更大的問題。撒謊或者掩蓋事實。如果你接到一個電話, 問你是否有工作, 然後你說是的, 你有工作。然而, 如果你說沒有, 那麼你會驚奇地發現只是在過去積極地找工作的這四個星期裏, 你纔算失業;否則, 你就是“未就業人羣”, 不算真正失業。
量化需求在我們的社會中根深蒂固。但是, 統計學家們能獲得客觀事實這個想法不可能不存在。這個想法也會導致嚴重的誤判。民主黨人和共和黨人在很多問題上都需要表明立場, (60)但是—個更關鍵的問題在於兩黨的重大決策都是基於大致估計, 而並非用批判的眼光和開放性的思維來審閱大量的原始數據資料。
【答案詳解】
56. 【定位】由題幹中的the first paragraph直接定位到第一段: A)【精析】推理判斷題。文章開篇首句指出, 來自勞工統計局的報告正如預料的那樣糟糕: 一月份的失業率達到了l6年以來的最高水平。這說明美國經濟狀況惡化, 故答案爲A)。
57. 【定位】由題幹中的unemployment figures和other statistics定位到第二段首句和第三句。D)【精析】細節辨認題。文章第二段主要指出作者對失業率的數字和其他數據的看法。文中提到. 我們依靠失業率的數字和其他數據來作出評價. 但問題是這些數據並沒有客觀反映現實, 它們只是最接近現實而已, 所以選D)。
58. 【定位】由題幹中的problem和payroll survey定位到第三段第四至六句。B)【精析】細節辨認題。定位句指出, 電話調查和工資單調查都存在問題: 工資單調查的問題在於很容易把某人“算重”及無法獲知個體經營者的數量. 故B)爲答案:
59. 【定位】由題幹中的household survey定位到第四段. 最終定位到第二宅: C)【精析】細節辨認題。定位龜指出。當人們被直接詢問的時候, 如果話題涉及性、金錢和工作. 人們通常會撒謊或者掩蓋事實, 即人們不會提供真實的信息. 故C)爲答案。
60. 【定位】由題於中的At the end of the passage直接定位到末段, 最終定位到末句。
B)【精析】推理判斷題。文章末句指出, 一個更關鍵的問題在於兩黨的重大決策都是基於大致估計, 而並非用批判的眼光和開放性思維來審閱大量的原始數據資料。言下之意是指決策者應該用批判的眼光和開放性思維看待失業率數字, 故B)爲答案。
Passage Two
【參考譯文】
2008年的某個時候, 可能在亞洲或者非洲, 有個人做了一個決定: 從農村搬到城市。將人類推到了一個歷史性的起點, 因爲在那一年人類在歷史上第一次成爲以城市人口爲主導的種羣。
, 到2050年, 四分之三的世界人口將居住在城市, 大部分的人口增長都來自亞洲和非洲迅速擴大的城鎮。移民來到城市是因爲就業機會多, 醫療、教育途徑多. 而且可以逃脫農民無聊的農業生活。那些因素足以彌補骯髒、疾病和極度貧困等問題, 而這些是那些移民剛到城市所必須要忍受的。
皮特·史密斯的新書靈感正是來自城市。他的主要觀點是: 城市生活的忙碌及城市爲人們提供的合作機會吸引人們來到城市, 更多人來到城市反過來又使城市變成藝術、商業、科學和進步的引擎。(63)這幾乎是革命性的. 但是它以一種迷人的模式呈現出來。史密斯先生寫了一本讓人如沐春風的指導書, 包含一系列特寫城市某些具體方面的簡短章節, 比如公園及多年來提出的讓城市變得完美的各種各樣的項目。這使這本書或了員量高、構思異常縝密的咖啡桌邊書, 需要深入閱讀, 而非草草瀏覽。
比如摩天大樓那一章. 史密斯先生闡述了建築方法、自動電梯這一革命性發明、在高空生活的可行性以及隨着城市變得越來越擁擠. 公寓式住房會成爲一種標準。(64)但是書中也不時談及一些稀奇的理論, 比如關於摩天大樓指數(該理論認爲, 建築摩天大樓的熱潮很明顯地預示着即將發生衰退)的討論。
問的同時又提出了很多新問題。儘管這確實有些令人沮喪, 但面對如此龐大的話題, 這或許是唯一的辦法。城市是文明的建築羣, 也幾乎是人們一切生活的載體;因此, 一本城市指南對一個數量衆多、增長迅速 的人類羣體如何選擇生活也是一種引導。史密斯先生的書很好地引出了這個龐大的話題, 也將引發更多的討論。
【答案詳解】
61. 【定位】由題幹中的the year 2008定位到首段. A)【精析】語義理解題。定位段指出, 2008年人類來到一個歷史性的起點, 因爲在那一年人類在歷史上第一次成爲城市人口占主導的種羣, 即城市人口遠超農村人口。故A)爲答案。
62. 【定位】由題幹中的urbanisation定位到第二段。 B)【精析】細節辨認題。文章第一段提出城市化的話題。第二段第一句指出, 這個趨勢沒有減緩的跡象, B)中will not slow down是對原文中shows no sign of slowing的同義轉換, 故B)爲答案。
63. 【定位】由題幹中的Peter Smith‟s new book定位到第三段。D)【精析】推理判斷題。文章第三段第三、四句提到, 史密斯先生的書以一種迷人的模式呈現出來;又提到這是一本讓人如沐春風的指導書, 它主要包含公園及多年來提出的讓城市變得完美的各種各樣的 項目。換言之, 它生動有趣, 故D)爲本題的答案。
64. 【定位】由題幹中的the chapter on skyscrapers定位到第四段。D)【精析】細節辨認題。由定位段可知, 史密斯先生在摩天大樓那一章, 闡述了建築方法、自動電梯等問題, 同時談及一些稀奇的理論, 比如關於摩天大樓指數的結論, 即建築摩天大樓的熱潮很明顯地 預示着即將發生的衰退, 故D)爲答案。
65. 【定位】由題幹中的criticism定位到末段。C)【精析】推理判斷題。末段首句提到, 對史密斯先生的書的一個顯著的批評是: 文章涉及內容過於廣泛, 而深度不夠, 未能對城市生活進行深入探討, 故C)爲答案。
Part IV Translation
參考譯文與難點註釋
The Han dynasty is one of the most important dynasties in Chinese history. There are lots of remarkable achievements during the reign of the Han dynasty. Being the first dynasty to open the door to other cultures, it excelled in foreign trade. The Silk Road opened in the Han dynasty led to Central and Western Asia, even Rome. With all sorts of art schools flourishing, there appeared many great works in literary, history, and philosophy. In 100 AD, China's first dictionary was completed, which included 9 000 characters, providing definitions and different ways to write the characters. During that period, the science and technology had also made great progress, with paper, water clocks, sundials and instruments used to measure earthquakes invented. Though the Han dynasty had a history of 400 years, the corruption of its rulers finally contributed to its collapse.
1. 翻譯第一句時, 需要用到“one of+可數名詞複數”結構。另外需要注意的是, 表示朝代的名詞前面需要加定冠詞the。
2. 翻譯第二句時需要注意時態。由於本句是客觀說明, 故使用一般現在時更好。
3. 翻譯第三句時, 可將“最先向其他文化敞開大門”譯作伴隨狀語. 將“對外貿易興旺”譯作主句。還可將這兩個分句譯爲並列句子, 即Il was the first dynasty to open the door to other cultures, and its foreign trade was prosperous.
4. 翻譯第四旬時, 可以把“絲綢之路”譯作主語, 將“漢朝開拓的”譯作後置定語。
5. 翻譯第五句時, 可將“各類藝術一派繁榮”譯作伴隨狀語, 將“涌現了很多文學、歷史、哲學鉅著”譯作主句。還可把“各類藝術一派繁榮”譯作主句, 後接定語從句, 增譯“漢朝”作先行詞, 即Various kinds of art thrived during the Han dynasty, when many great works literature, history and philosophy emerged.
6. 翻譯第六句時, 可將句子譯作一個複合句, 把“公元l00年中國第一部字典編撰完成”譯作主句, 把“收入9 000個字”譯作定語從句. 把 “提供釋義並列舉不同的寫法”譯作伴隨狀語。另外一種翻譯方法 是: 把“公元l00年中國第一部字典編撰完成, 收入9 000個字”和“提供釋義並列舉不同的寫法”譯作並列句, 其中“收入9 000個字”譯作第一個句子的伴隨狀語, 即The first dictionary in China was compiled in l00 AD, embodying 9 000 words and it provided meanings and different ways to write the characters.
7. 翻譯第七句時, 可把“發明了紙張、水鍾、日晷以及測量地震的儀器”譯作with複合結構。另外一種翻譯方法是譯作兩個句子, 即During that period, the science and technology had also made great progress. Paper, water clocks, sundials and instruments used to measure earthquakes were invented.
8. 最後一句可根據其轉折關係使用讓步狀語從句, 也可以直接譯作表示轉折關係的並列句, 即The Han dynasty lasted for 400 years, but its rulers‟ corruption led to its collapse.
話題詞彙
the Four Great Inventions四大發明
the Hundred Schools of Thought諸子百家
prosperous繁榮的, 興旺的
Scientific and Technological Revolution科技革命
territory領土, 版圖
seismograph地震儀
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