GRE作文雷同怎麼辦

很多考生在問，由於準備GRE作文的時候，都會背記大量的作文。那麼要是運氣不好，在考試的時候，應如何儘量避免GRE作文雷同呢?以下這篇文章解析了這個問題

GRE作文雷同怎麼辦

ETS在GRE作文評分部分討論到獨立智力活動的問題：

Independent Intellectual Activity. Essay responses on the Analytical Writing section will be reviewed by ETS essay-similarity-detection software and by experienced essay readers during the scoring process. In light of the high value placed on independent intellectual activity within United States graduate schools and universities, ETS? reserves the right to cancel test scores of any test taker when there is substantial evidence that an essay response includes, but is not limited to, any of the following:

由此可見，GRE的雷同處理將包括軟件的使用和閱卷員審覈兩部分。那麼軟件這一部分來講，我們有理由相信它主要是針對背誦範文的考生，運用計算機的範文數據庫檢測答卷中是否有某一段文字爲抄襲。在計算機防止抄襲的工作中，做得比較好的是turnitin ()，我們可以通過這個網站了解全球最先進的計算機反抄襲技術也不過就是文字段落的配對。而對付閱卷員，則需要更加仔細的避開以下ETS所列出的雷區：

Text that is similar to that found in one or more other GRE essay responses

這裏講的就是你的文字和其他考生的文字很接近。相信這項檢查將由計算機完成，其原理和turnitin相同。要避免這一點關鍵是不要背範文，以及要自己來寫。有同學會問如果句式一樣、內容不同行不行，我的看法是可以，因爲你的句子不會和數據庫中其他同學任何一個句子相似。

Quoting or paraphrasing, without attribution, language that appears in published or unpublished sources

這裏提到的是學術寫作中的一個經典問題，就是引述別人的文字時，需要指明這是原作者的工作，而不能將別人的工作據爲己有。這裏強調的是語言，因此只要每一句話都是你自己造的就不會有這個問題。如果是引用別人的話，就註明出處即可。第二項也有可能通過計算機完成一部分，比如將一些名人名言錄入數據庫。

3) Unacknowledged use of work that has been produced through collaboration with others without citation of the contribution of others

這一項指的是在作文中使用了和別人合作的成果而未能引述他人的貢獻。比如說考生A和考生B在討論題庫的過程同想出了某個思路，那麼兩個考生在考試中使用這個思路時都必須引述另一個考生也參與了這個思考的事實。我想這條規則主要是針對考生在作文中重複使用相同的思路和例證。其實，ETS並沒有禁止使用別人的東西，而只是強調用了別人的東西，一定要記得給別人相應的credit。

Essays that are submitted as work of the examinee when the words have, in fact, been borrowed from elsewhere or prepared by another person.

注意本項和第三項的關鍵詞有區別，第三項用的是work，是一個很寬泛的概念，涵蓋的內容包括文章的思路、例證等;而本項的關鍵詞是words，實際上就是text，這一點和第一項是一致的。第一項強調的是和其他考生的雷同而本項則是和其他已發表文章的雷同。

以上是筆者對ETS政策說明的解釋，屬於個人觀點，僅供參考。接下來，我們可以從獨立創作原則的正面角度來討論如何避免因雷同而被取消成績。要想避免雷同，考生應從以下幾個方面努力：

1) 在觀點上要具有洞察力，要有自己的原創特色。觀點是GRE作文考試的核心內容，考察考生能否對一個issue進行深入分析與思考並最終提出一個有層次的觀點。有了原創觀點就不用擔心雷同。我這樣說也許有有點像讓快餓死的人去吃肉粥。如果真的要借鑑範文觀點，我建議應該儘可能做一些調整，以避免第二個雷區。或者乾脆在文中講明這個思路是借鑑了哪一本參考書的。美國人對真小人比對僞君子要寬容。

2) 在語言上可以使用一些範文的句式，但是絕對不能照抄原文，而是要換掉一些關鍵詞。或者如果要借用關鍵詞，則必須使用別的句式。

3) 在結構上可以採取聲東擊西的策略，比如把北美範文用在120題的結構和破題策略用在210題上。

4) 在例證方面，使用範文用過的例證沒有問題，哪怕用那些被判雷同的例證也沒問題。例證是人類的共同知識，誰都可以使用，關鍵是我們不能用和範文作者同樣的思路和語言來詮釋例證並展開類似的論證。因此，越是耳熟能詳的例證如牛頓與蘋果樹、愛迪生孵蛋，要寫出原創的內容就越困難，雷同的危險就越大。

總的來說，取消分數是一件很嚴重的事情，ETS決不會輕易的下手。這個政策背後的原則就是原創性，需要考生有自己的思想、自己的例證和自己的語言。我們一方面可以在政策允許的範圍內對範文進行合法、合理的使用，另一方面更要積極培養我們自己的獨立思考能力，從根本上解決雷同問題。

GRE寫作滿分範文1

"It?is?unfortunate?that?today's?educators?place?so?much?emphasis?on?finding?out?what?students?want?to?include?in?the?curriculum?and?then?giving?it?to?them.??It?is?the?educators'?duty?to?determine?the?curriculum?and?the?students'?duty?to?study?what?is?presented?to?them."??

In?today's?society,?there?is?too?much?emphasis?placed?on?students?desires?rather?than?their?needs.??The?students?of?today?should?have?to?study?what?is?presented?to?them,?rather?than?what?is?desired?by?them.??Students?are?searching?for?the?easy?way?out,?and?educators'?are?supplying?them?with?that.??Students?should?not?only?be?presented?with?mandatory?curriculum,?but?the?educators?should?strive?to?insure?that?each?individual?student?truly?gains?from?their?education,?rather?than?just?breezing?through?it.?

It?is?vital?to?the?continued?success?and?expansion?of?the?United?States,?that?the?young?people?be?challenged?in?their?curriculum?and?be?encouraged?to?succeed?in?all?that?they?do.??The?educators?should?determine?a?more?strenuous?curriculum,?and?enforce?it?at?an?earlier?age.??Thus,?the?young?people?of?today?will?expect?to?be?challenged,?rather?than?avoiding?it.??Students?have?the?easy?way?out,?and?they?are?not?truly?giving?all?that?they?can.??There?is?so?much?potential?that?is?just?waiting?to?flourish,?but?it?is?the?educators'?reponsibility?to?tap?into?that?potential.?

In?conclusion,?it?is?the?educators?responsibility?to?enforce?curriculum?and?than?raquesting?it.??Students?should?be?challenged?and?expect?curriculum?that?will?eventually?lead?them?to?a?path?of?success.?

COMMENTARY?

This?brief?essay?is?flawed?by?its?generalities,?repetition,?and?limited?development.??The?central?thesis?--?that?it?is?the?burden?of?educators?to?teach?what?they?believe?is?necessary?and?that?our?educational?system?should?not?allow?students?to?"breeze?through"?the?educational?system?--?is?not?adequately?supported.??The?middle?of?the?essay?merely?repeats?much?of?what?was?said?in?the?introduction.??The?writer?discusses?the?concepts?of?students'?potential?and?educators'?responsibilities?in?only?the?most?general?terms.?

The?two-sentence?conclusion?simply?repeats?earlier?discussion?and?does?not?sufficiently?tie?together?and?comment?upon?the?earlier?discussion.??To?earn?a?score?of?4,?this?essay?would?need?to?provide?specific?reasons?and?examples?that?more?adequately?develop?its?main?points.?

Also,?the?phrasing?is?often?vague?("giving?all?that?they?can"?and?"path?of?success"),?and?the?syntax?is?at?times?poorly?controlled?("young?people?of?today?will?expect?to?be?challenged,?rather?than?avoiding?it.")??Still,?the?problems?are?not?severe?or?frequent.??For?all?of?these?reasons,?this?essay?received?a?3.?

GRE寫作滿分範文2

"It?is?unfortunate?that?today's?educators?place?so?much?emphasis?on?finding?out?what?students?want?to?include?in?the?curriculum?and?then?giving?it?to?them.??It?is?the?educators'?duty?to?determine?the?curriculum?and?the?students'?duty?to?study?what?is?presented?to?them."?

There?are?many?school?violences?in?each?school.??Those?are?big?problems?to?our?govenment?and?social.??School?violences?effect?the?studying?of?students.??This?is?very?serious,?even?some?students?are?nervious?to?go?school.??In?fact,?the?government?must?give?students?a?clean?place?to?study.??Teachers?should?help?students?know?it?is?a?duty?to?study.??So,?everyone?should?face?those?big?problems.?

Do?we?know?what?are?students'?ideas???Do?the?educators?try?to?know???Most?educators?hope?the?govenment?can?give?students?more?and?help?them?more.??These?are?people's?hope.??But?it?is?so?unfortunate?that?students?can't?have?a?good?place?to?study.??Also,?teachers?have?to?teach?the?students.??Not?that?students?can?know?what?to?study?by?themself.??In?the?compus,?there?are?many?guys?sell?the?drugs?and?acohol?to?younger?students.??Why?those?guys?can?go?into?the?school???That?is?also?the?main?problem.?

When?we?were?little,?we?didn't?know?what?is?correct?and?what?is?wrong.??So?we?lose?ourself?easily.??At?the?same?time,?we?need?much?care?from?parents?and?teachers.??So?our?teachers?and?parents?play?the?important?roles?and?they?own?must?do?better.??Because?some?students?learn?some?bad?habits?from?their?teachers?and?parents.???

If?we?want?to?resolve?all?the?problems,?we?must?face?the?problems?and?find?out?the?reasons,?then?try?to?resolve?them.??We?also?must?care?all?students.??If?we?can?help?them,?tring?to?do?our?best.??Then,?the?problems?will?become?less?and?less.????????????????????????

COMMENTARY?

This?is?a?seriously?flawed?response?to?the?topic.??The?writer?begins?by?discussing?school?violence?and?the?need?for?a?good?place?to?study,?parental?and?teacher?influence,?and?resolution?of?school?problems.??The?issue?of?who?should?determine?the?curriculum,?teachers?or?students,?is?implied?but?not?addressed?directly.??In?fact,?teacher-directed?learning?seems?to?be?a?small?point?in?a?series?of?concerns?related?to?school?violence.??The?development?of?a?position?on?the?issue?is?unfocused?and?disorganized.??Even?the?example,?drug?selling,?relates?to?school?violence?and?not?to?curricular?responsibility.?

Language?errors?are?numerous.??Problems?with?correct?use?of?tense,?diction,?word?order,?sentence?structure,?and?subject-verb?agreement?also?interfere?with?meaning.??Had?the?writer?not?included?references?to?teachers?helping?students?know?what?to?study,?the?essay?would?probably?have?received?a?score?of?1?instead?of?a?2.