歷史上十大古老得驚人的食譜(上)

The first cooked meal was likely an accident – researchers believe roasted meat only came on the menu when ancient humans encountered forest-fire toasted animals.

第一次把肉煮着吃，也許只是個偶然——研究者們認爲我們的祖先恰巧品嚐到了因森林大火而烤熟的動物之後纔開始學會烤肉吃。

Once the home cooking skills were acquired, people were keen to replicate good results – which led to some of the world's oldest – and sometimes strangest – recipes. Here are ten surprisingly old recipes from history.

當人類熟練地掌握了這種烹飪技術後，就開始熱衷於研究如何把這些食物做得更加美味，這樣就誕生了一些古老的食譜。而這些堪稱世上最古老的食譜在我們今天看來，有些也可能是世上最奇怪的了。下面就給大家例舉史上10個古老得驚人的食譜。

er torte

10.林茨蛋糕

The Linzer Torte is extolled as the world's oldest recipe for a cake, but no one seems to know when exactly it was invented – or where – though it's believed to be named for the Austrian city of Linz.

林茨蛋糕被吹捧爲世界上最古老的蛋糕，但是沒有人知道它出現的確切時間。儘管很多人認爲這個蛋糕是根據奧地利的城市林茨命名的，但是也沒有人知道這個蛋糕的發源地到底在哪裏。

The oldest existing version of the recipe was written down by a countess of Verona in 1653 in a cookbook succinctly titled Book of All Kinds of Home-Made Things, Such as Sweet Dishes, Spices, Cakes and also Every Kind of Fruit and Other Good and Useful Things, etc.

關於林茨蛋糕的做法，現存最古老的版本在1653年由維羅納的一個女伯爵寫在一本關於烹飪的書中。這本食譜的名字簡陋到就叫《家庭DIY之書：包括甜品、香料、蛋糕以及各種水果和其他美觀又有用的東西等等》。

The Linzer Torte was first commercially produced in the early 19th century, and was introduced to America around 1856.

19世紀初期，林茨蛋糕實現首次批量生產銷售，並在1856年被引入美國市場。

According to the Linz Tourism Board, the traditional recipe features a crumbly pastry base with almonds and lemon zest, a jam filling (traditionally currant – raspberry is not authentic!), topped with a "well seasoned grid of dough."

根據林茨旅遊局的介紹，傳統的林茨蛋糕外皮是一層酥脆酥脆的黃金面皮，點綴着杏仁並以檸檬調味，中間有些果醬（傳統的醋栗樹莓果醬不是真的！），上面放一些調味得當、相互交疊的麪糰條。

It was also referred to as a "bowl cake," meaning it was baked in a dish like a pie. A recipe for Linzer Torte can be found on the Official Travel Guide to Austria website.

林茨蛋糕也被稱爲"碗糕"，就跟放在盤子裏烘焙的果餡派差不多。關於林茨蛋糕的具體做法可以在奧地利旅遊指南官方網站查詢。

Draque

9.猛龍雞尾酒

A "cocktail" is defined by Merriam-Webster's dictionary as "an iced drink of wine or distilled liquor mixed with flavoring ingredients."

關於"雞尾酒"，韋氏詞典裏面的定義是"一種混合着各種好聞調味料的冰鎮葡萄酒或者是蒸餾酒"。

According to some, the first cocktail was invented while Sir Francis Drake was stranded near Havana, Cuba in 1586.

據一些人說，1586年，德雷克爵士擱淺於古巴哈維那附近時，做出了首杯雞尾酒。

It's said that Drake (or in some versions, his cousin Richard Drake), invented the drink as a medicine to treat ill sailors.

據說德雷克爵士（另稱是他的表兄弟理查德·德雷克）發明這種酒是爲了給一些生病的水手治病。

Dubbed "El Draque," or "the dragon," the beverage combined an early precursor to rum with mint, ginger, limes and cane sugar – similar to the modern mojito.

這款被稱爲"猛龍"的雞尾酒是由粗製朗姆酒和薄荷、生薑、酸橙以及蔗糖混合而成，味道和現在的莫吉托雞尾酒很像。

Some claim the sailors drank the concoction with a long "cock tailed" handled spoon, giving rise to the word "cocktail" (though there are plenty of other theories out there for how the modern word came into existence).

有些人稱那些水手使用一支長長的像是雞尾巴一樣的長柄勺飲用此調配品，稱這便是"雞尾"二字的由來（不過現代對於"雞尾"這個詞到底怎麼來的，還有很多不同的觀點）。

The first recorded use of the term "cocktail" – referring to a beverage, rather than a rooster or horse – is from an 1803 American publication called the Farmer's Cabinet – and likely referred to a non-alcoholic beverage.

第一個記錄並使用"雞尾"一詞指代酒飲料，而非雞或者馬的是1803年美國的一名爲《農場主內閣》的刊物，在裏面"雞尾酒"指代的是不含酒精的飲料。

re (Noah's Pudding)

8.諾亞布丁

If you believe the Turkish legend, the middle-eastern dessert known as "ashure" (pronounced "ash-oo-ray") dates back to the last days of the flood, when Noah and his family were starting to run low on supplies.

如果你聽過土耳其傳說，就可能知道被稱爲"ashure"（發音爲"ash-oo-ray"）的中東甜點要追溯到大洪水發生的最後幾天。當時諾亞和他的家人開始出現食物供不應足的情況。

According to the legend, Noah gathered up the little bits of grain that were left over, cooked them all in the one pot, and hoped for the best.

傳說中，諾亞把剩下的一些穀物全放在一個鍋裏煮，希望能得到更多食物。

The result was a delicious sweet dish that fed everyone on board until the waters receded. Hence the other name for ashure – Noah's pudding.

結果就是在洪水消退之前，船上的每個人都嚐到了了可口的點心。因此也有人稱"ashure"爲諾亞布丁。

There is no formal recipe for ashure, but the standard recipe includes wheat, beans or lentils, dried fruit, nuts, sugar or honey, as well as aromatics such as orange peel or rose petals.

對於諾亞布丁，其實沒有一份正式的食譜，但是標準的配料有小麥、豆子或小扁豆，果脯、堅果、糖或蜂蜜，也有香料，如橘皮、玫瑰花瓣。

In Turkey, the pudding is traditionally made to celebrate the holy day of Ashure – which (among other things) is venerated as the day of Noah's departure from the ark. You can find a modern version of the recipe here.

在土耳其，這一布丁傳統上是用來慶祝宗教節日"阿述拉日齋戒"的，這一節日（除了別的之外）被尊爲諾亞離舟日。你可以在這裏找到現代版的諾亞布丁食譜。