經合組織稱空氣污染將使全球年損失2.6萬億美元
Toxic air isn't just bad for human lungs and the environment, it's also terrible for the global economy, according a new report.
一項最新報告顯示，有毒的空氣不僅對人類的肺部和環境有害，而且對全球經濟也相當不利。Outdoor air pollution could cost the world a whopping $2.6 trillion a year, or 1% of global GDP, by 2060, says the study by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. The costs are a result of sick days, medical bills and reduced agricultural output.
據經濟合作與發展組織的研究顯示，空氣污染正在造成誤工、醫療費用增加及農產量減少，到2060年，室外空氣污染將使全球經濟每年損失2.6萬億美元，佔全球GDP的1%。Countries like China, Russia and India, which are already wrestling with severe pollution, are expected to be hit especially hard.
像中國、俄羅斯和印度這樣正在遭受嚴重污染的國家，估計受到的損失更爲慘重。
Pollution could also lead to as many as 9 million premature deaths by 2060. Welfare costs associated with these deadly consequences are projected to rise to as much as $25 trillion over the same period. The amount associated with paying for the pain and suffering from illness -- for example, hospital admissions -- is estimated to hit $2.2 trillion.
到2060年，空氣污染還可能導致多達900萬人過早死亡，從而導致同期的福利支出預計也將上升到25萬億美元。因爲病痛導致的醫療支出--比如住院費用，據估計將高達2.2萬億美元。"The potential economic consequences of both the market and non-market impacts of outdoor air pollution are very significant," said the report, recommending policies to reduce polluting emissions.
該報告指出，“戶外空氣污染的市場和非市場的潛在經濟後果非常有意義。”此外，該報告還推薦了一些政策以減少污染物排放。The highest number of related premature deaths are in China and India, which are among the most polluted countries in the world. Last December, Beijing city officials issued its highest smog warning for the first time.
污染引起的過早死亡人數最多的國家是中國和印度，它們是全球污染最嚴重的國家。去年12月，北京市政府首次啓動了最高級別的霧霾警報。The OECD report calls for targeted, local policies to try to tackle the problem. "There is no one-size-fits-all recipe for reducing the impacts of air pollution as there are large differences among countries in terms of prevalent pollutants and sources," it said.
經合組織在報告中呼籲有針對性的、結合當地的情況來解決這個問題。該報告指出：“不同的國家主要污染物的特點及起源不同，所以，降低空氣污染沒有萬全之策。”The policies it suggests include incentives for cleaner technologies, and tougher standards for air quality, automobile emission and fuel quality standards.
其建議的政策包括：鼓勵發展清潔技術，更嚴格的空氣質量標準、汽車尾氣排放標準以及燃料質量標準。
