研究表明 積極鍛鍊可降低13種癌症風險
Exercise during leisure time may reduce the Risk of 13 types of cancers, including liver cancer and breast cancer, a major study said last Monday.
上週一的一項調查研究表明，業餘時間做鍛鍊能降低包括肝癌、乳癌在內的13種癌症的發病率。Hundreds of previous studies have examined associations between physical activity and cancer risk and shown reduced risks for colon, breast, and endometrial cancers. However, these results have been inconclusive for most cancer types due to small numbers of participants in the studies.
之前已經有數百項調查研究過身體鍛鍊和癌症之間的關係，這些研究發現，體育鍛煉可以降低直腸癌、乳房癌和子宮癌的發病率。然而由於調查對象的數量有限，所以很多癌症類型並沒有被包括在內。
In the new study, Steven Moore of the U.S. National Cancer Institute and colleagues examined data from 1.44 million people, aged 19 to 98, from the United States and Europe.
在這一項新調查當中，美國國家癌症研究所的史蒂芬·摩爾和其同事以美國和歐洲各國的年齡從19歲到98歲不等、共計144萬人作爲調查樣本。
Participants were asked whether they did moderate or vigorous intensity activities in their free time, like walking, running or swimming, and how much physical activity they got.
調查參與者會被問及在業餘時間是否進行中度或高強度鍛鍊，比如散步、跑步和游泳；還有進行了多少身體鍛鍊。The study confirmed that leisure-time physical activity, as assessed by self-reported surveys, was associated with a lower risk of colon (16 percent), breast (10 percent), and endometrial (21 percent) cancers.
這項調查結果表明，業餘鍛鍊能降低癌症發病率，比如直腸癌發病率降低了16%，乳房癌降低了10%，子宮癌降低了21%。The researchers also determined that leisure-time physical activity was associated with a lower risk of 10 additional cancers, with the greatest risk reductions for esophageal adenocarcinoma(42 percent), liver(27 percent), gastric cardia (22 percent), kidney (23 percent), and myeloid leukemia (20 percent).
研究者還確定了身體鍛鍊能降低另外其他10種癌症的風險，降低幅度最大的是食管腺癌（42%），其次是肝癌（27%），賁門癌（22%），腎癌（23%），骨髓性白血病（20%）。Risk was reduced for lung cancer, but only for current and former smokers, and the reasons for this are still being studied.
另外，肺癌的發病率也會降低，但只是限於新老菸民，具體原因還在調查中。Overall, a higher level of exercise was associated with a 7 percent lower risk of total cancer.
總體來說，身體鍛鍊多的人羣的癌症發病率可降低7%左右。"Our results support that these associations are broadly generalizable to different populations, including people who are overweight or obese, or those with a history of smoking," said Moore. "Health care professionals counseling inactive adults should promote physical activity as a component of a healthy lifestyle and cancer prevention."
摩爾說道：“我們的調查結果適用於廣泛的不同人羣，包括肥胖人羣和老菸民。衛生保健專業人員鼓勵成年人要通過提高體育鍛煉來形成健康的生活方式，預防癌症。”
