澳大利亞新總理是微笑的刺客
閱讀提示：本文對照中文翻譯在上，英文原文在下。
政治上的蜜月期也許永遠不會持續很久，但它們在澳大利亞根本不存在。上週，在罷免託尼阿博特(Tony Abbott)僅僅一天後，馬爾科姆礠楲布爾(Malcolm Turnbull)宣誓就任澳大利亞第29任總理。那天的街頭小報將他稱爲“馬爾科姆變節者”(Malcolm Turncoat)和“微笑的刺客”(Smiling Assassin)。
Australia’s premier is a former lawyer who has grabbed his chance to shine, writes Jamie Smyth Political honeymoons may never last long, but they don’t exist in Australia. When Malcolm Turnbull was sworn in as the 29th prime minister of Australia this week, just a day after ousting Tony Abbott, the tabloids labelled him “Malcolm Turncoat” and the “Smiling Assassin”.
在特恩布爾成功問鼎自由黨(Liberal Party)黨首以來的幾天裏，這位60歲的前高盛(Goldman Sachs)銀行家已被媒體和黨內批評者貼上了“小氣鬼百萬富翁”、“精英勢利眼”和不擇手段的王子等標籤。
In the days since Mr Turnbull’s successful challenge for the Liberal party leadership, political opponents, the media and internal critics within his party have labelled the 60-year-old former Goldman Sachs banker a “penny pinching millionaire”, an “elitist snob”, and a Machiavellian prince.
“派珀角王子和自由毫不沾邊。”曾在工黨政府擔任財長的韋恩斯旺(Wayne Swan)表示；派珀角(Point Piper)是特恩布爾居住的富裕的悉尼城郊住宅區。“特恩布爾的溫和派名聲並不屬實。不過，他將實施阿博特的政策。”
“There is nothing liberal about the Prince of Point Piper,” says Wayne Swan, a former Labor treasurer, referring to the affluent Sydney suburb where Mr Turnbull lives. “Turnbull has an undeserved reputation as a moderate but he will implement Abbott’s policies.”
澳大利亞政治的殘酷無情意味着，該國在5年裏見證了5名總理的起落。如今特恩布爾面對的現實是，他必須應對一個某些人聲稱已功能失調的議會制度。但他的最大挑戰將是他提振澳大利亞經濟的能力——這一點將左右着對他的政府的評價。由於澳大利亞關鍵的出口商品——鐵礦石和煤炭——價格暴跌，以及該國最大貿易伙伴中國經濟放緩，澳大利亞的經濟正在不斷走弱。
The brutal nature of Australian politics, which has seen five prime ministers come and go in as many years, is the reality Mr Turnbull must manage in a parliamentary system that some claim is dysfunctional. But his greatest challenge, and the one that will define his government, will be his ability to grow an economy that is weakening in the face of a collapse in the price of key exports — iron ore and coal — and a slowdown in the economy of its biggest trading partner, China.
澳大利亞曾出現連續24年的增長。然而，在截至6月底的3個月內，國內生產總值(GDP)增幅已放緩至0.2%。這一局面令高盛警告稱，該國在2016年年中以前有三分之一的機率陷入衰退。
Australia has had 24 consecutive years of growth. But gross domestic product growth slowed to 0.2 per cent in the three months to the end of June, leading Goldman Sachs to warn of a one in three chance of a recession by mid-2016.
阿博特曾承諾要通過改革刺激增長。然而，他對緊縮政策的支持、生硬的領導風格、以及議會中的僵局，使他與習慣了經濟繁榮的公衆及渴望變革的商界不合拍。
Mr Abbott promised reforms to stimulate growth but his embrace of austerity, abrasive leadership style and deadlock in parliament made him unpopular with a public used to prosperity and a business sector hungry for change.
麥格理銀行(Macquarie Bank)共同創始人馬克約翰遜(Mark Johnson)表示：“商界失去了對阿博特的信任。他們認爲，在所有政客中，特恩布爾重振澳大利亞經濟的可能性最大。他非常聰明，是一位天才的溝通者和更好的談判專家，還和實施政策離不開的獨立參議員具有良好的關係。”
“Business lost faith with Abbott,” says Mark Johnson, co-founder of Macquarie Bank. “They see Turnbull has the best chance of any politician in revitalising the economy. He’s intelligent, a talented communicator, a better negotiator and has good relationships with independent senators, who are needed to implement policy.”
在厭倦了堪培拉政壇“旋轉門”特性的選民中，特恩布爾擁有很高的支持率。不過，自由黨右翼阿博特支持者的憎恨，以及保守派盟友國家黨(National Party)黨內的不安，依然是他面臨的潛在威脅，並將限制他的政策選擇空間。澳大利亞國立大學(Australian National University)的伊恩麥卡利斯特(Ian McAllister)表示：“他與工黨前領導人陸克文(Kevin Rudd)面臨的局面類似。他在選民中很受歡迎，但黨內某些勢力憎恨他。”
Mr Turnbull has strong approval ratings from voters weary of the revolving door nature of Canberra politics. But resentment from Mr Abbott’s supporters on the rightwing of the Liberal party and unease among the conservative coalition partners, the National party, remain a potential threat and will restrict his policy options. “He is in a similar situation to former Labor leader Kevin Rudd. He is popular with voters but elements within his own party hate him,” says Ian McAllister, politics professor at Australian National University.
作爲一名社會改革派和經濟保守派人士，這不是特恩布爾第一次擔任自由黨黨首。他曾在2008到2009年間擔任此職，後來因支持碳排放交易機制而被黨內右翼的氣候變化懷疑論者趕下臺。在那之前，特恩布爾在黨內的領導地位已經因一個失誤而削弱：他依據一名財政部官員提供的虛假電子郵件，聲稱當時的工黨政府尋求爲一名政治捐贈者安排特殊待遇。
It is not the first time Mr Turnbull, a social progressive and economic conservative, has been Liberal party leader. He held the position in 2008-09 before climate sceptics on the rightwing of the party ousted him over his support for an emissions trading scheme. His leadership had already been weakened following a gaffe when he relied on fake emails provided by a treasury official to allege the then Labor government sought special treatment for a political donor.
失去黨首之位是一次少有的挫敗。當時特恩布爾宣佈將退出政壇，但在與上一位給澳大利亞政壇帶來穩定的總理約翰霍華德(John Howard)談話後改變了主意。“他非常聰明，對經濟有深刻見解，而且口才很好，”霍華德說。批評者稱，特恩布爾有時缺乏耐心，爲人傲慢。“他無法容忍愚蠢的人。他會擊碎他們的膝蓋骨，”一名官員稱。
The loss of the leadership was a rare setback. At the time he said he would quit politics, but changed his mind after talking to John Howard, the last prime minister to bring stability to Australian politics. “He is highly intelligent, has a good understanding of economics and is quite articulate,” says Mr Howard. Critics say he can be impatient and arrogant. “He doesn’t suffer fools gladly. He kneecaps them,” says one official.
特恩布爾第一次受到世界矚目是在1985年，當時身爲悉尼律師的他在著名的《抓間諜者》(Spycatcher)一案中領導辯護團隊，成功地爲英國軍情五處前特工彼得嘠禍(Peter Wright)進行辯護，推翻了英國政府封殺賴特回憶錄的禁令。
Mr Turnbull first came to global attention in 1985 as a lawyer in Sydney, when he led the successful defence team in the notorious Spycatcher case, acting for Peter Wright, a former MI5 agent being blocked by the British government from publishing his memoirs.
特恩布爾的妻子露西礠楲布爾(Lucy Turnbull)是一名著名律師和商人。她是原澳大利亞總檢察長的女兒，也曾參與《抓間諜者》一案。
Mr Turnbull’s wife Lucy is a well-known lawyer and businesswoman — the daughter of a former attorney-general, she also worked on the Spycatcher case.
特恩布爾曾爲商人克里派克(Kerry Packer)擔任顧問，同僚稱這段關係促使特恩布爾尋求自己的致富機會。1987年，他和前總理高夫惠特拉姆(Gough Whitlam)之子尼古拉斯惠特拉姆(Nicholas Whitlam)、已故的工黨政治人士和前新南威爾士州州長內維爾 楠(Neville Wran)創立了一家投資銀行，之後又在1997年到2001年間擔任高盛澳大利亞的董事總經理。
Mr Turnbull acted as counsel for businessman Kerry Packer, a relationship that colleagues say inspired him to seek his fortune. Accordingly, in 1987, he set up an investment bank with Nicholas Whitlam, son of former prime minister Gough Whitlam, and Neville Wran, the late Labor politician and former premier of New South Wales, before becoming managing director of Goldman Sachs Australia in 1997-2001.
一些同僚將特恩布爾的抱負歸因於他艱難的成長經歷。他的雙親在他9歲時分居。特恩布爾的母親移居美國，他被送往寄宿學校，此後他在悉尼攻讀法律，後來又獲得羅德獎學金到牛津大學(University of Oxford)進修。
Some associates attribute Mr Turnbull’s ambition to his difficult upbringing. His parents separated when he was nine. His mother moved to America, and Malcolm was sent to boarding school before studying law in Sydney and then as a Rhodes scholar in Oxford.
特恩布爾在2004年當選進入議會，但他在政治上活躍的時期更久：作爲一名共和政體的擁護者，他在1999年就澳大利亞是否要走向共和的全民公投中發揮了重要作用，這場公投以支持共和一方的失敗告終。
Mr Turnbull was elected to parliament in 2004 but had long been politically active: a republican, he played a prominent role in the unsuccessful 1999 referendum on whether to establish an Australian republic.
現在距離下一次選舉還不到一年時間，這位新上任的總理並沒有多少時間給人們留下深刻印象。特恩布爾將黨內團結置於個人信念之前，承諾不改變聯合政府保守的氣候變化政策和就同性婚姻舉行公民投票的計劃，而不是推動議會加快立法。他承諾就如何提振經濟展開國內討論。“有關把事情做成的最佳途徑，我認爲特恩布爾在過去幾年學到了很多，”麥格理的約翰遜說，“我認爲他能夠成功。”
With less than a year to go before the next election, the new prime minister has little time to impress. Placing party unity over personal conviction, he has committed to keep the coalition’s conservative climate change policies and its plan for a plebiscite on same-sex marriage, rather than speeding legislation through parliament. He promises to start a national conversation on how to boost the economy. “I think Turnbull’s learnt a lot about how best to get things done over the past few years,” says Mr Johnson. “I think he can succeed.”
