AlphaGo之後Libratus又來了! 人工智能攻陷撲克牌!

Artificial intelligence has made history by beating humans in poker for the first time, the last remaining game in which humans had managed to maintain the upper hand.

近日，人工智能首次在打撲克上擊敗了人類，從而創造了歷史。而打撲克也是人類設法佔據上風的最後一項比賽。

Libratus, an AI built by Carnegie Mellon University racked up over $1.7 million worth of chips against four of the top professional poker players in the world in a 20-day marathon poker tournament that ended in Philadelphia.

Libratu是卡內基梅隆大學研發的一個人工智能系統，配備了價值170萬美元的芯片。在於費城剛剛結束的一場爲期20天的世界撲克錦標賽上，它對戰了全世界最爲頂尖的4名撲克選手。

While machines have beaten humans over the last two decades in chess, checkers, and most recently in the ancient game of Go, Libratus' victory is significant because poker is an imperfect information game - similar to the real world where not all problems are laid out and the difficulty in figuring out human behavior is one of the main reasons why it was considered immune to machines.

儘管過去20年裏人工智能已經在象棋、跳棋、以及最近的圍棋中把人類打得一敗塗地，但Libratus的勝利卻有着更加重大的意義，因爲撲克牌是一種不完全信息博弈遊戲，和真實世界很相似，不是所有問題都擺在明面上，而在識別人類行爲方面的困難也是曾經認爲人工智能不可能在撲克上贏過人類最主要的原因之一。

"The best AI's ability to do strategic reasoning with imperfect information has now surpassed that of the best humans," said Tuomas Sandholm, professor of computer science at CMU who created Libratus with a PhD student Noam Brown said.

和一位名叫諾姆·布朗的博士生學生共同研發出Libratus的卡內基梅隆大學計算機科學教授圖奧馬斯·桑德霍爾姆表示：“在不完全信息情況下，最好的人工智能做策略推理的能力現在已經超過了最好的人類。”

The victory prompted inquiries from companies all over the world seeking to use Libratus' algorithm for problem solving.

這場勝利導致世界各地的公司發來詢問，希望尋求用Libratus的算法來解決問題。

"It can be used in any situation where information is incomplete including business negotiation, military strategy, cyber security and medical treatment," Sandholm said.

桑德霍爾姆說道：“它可以用於任何信息不完全的情況，包括商務談判、軍事戰略、網絡安全和醫療。”

One of the main reasons for Libratus' victory was the machine's ability outbluff humans.

Libratus取得勝利的一個主要原因是在打牌時用下大注的方法嚇退人類。

"The computer can't win at poker if it can't bluff," said Frank Pfenning, head of the Computer Science Department at CMU. "Developing an AI that can do that successfully is a tremendous step forward scientifically and has numerous applications."

卡內基梅隆大學計算機科學系主任弗蘭克·普芬寧表示：“如果計算機不能虛張聲勢的話，就不可能在撲克上贏。研發一個可以成功做到那一點的AI是一個巨大的科學進步，很多地方都可以用到這一點。”