雙語科技百科(近現代成就) 第94期:我國早期激光技術的發展

China's Early Development of Laser Technology

我國早期激光技術的發展

In 1957, Wang Daheng and other saentists set up China's first professional optical lnstitute-the Chinese Academy of Sciences ( Changchun) Optical Precision Instruments Machinery Research Institute ( "MRI" ) in Changchun. Under the leadership of the older generation of experts, o number of young science and technology workers grew rapidly, Deng Ximing is one of the outstanding representatives. As early as in 1958, not long after the United SR:rtes physicists Xiaoluo, Townes published their famous laser papers, he actively promoted this new technology research , then with the combination of the innovative spirit of the young and middle-aged research team proposed substantial increase brightness light source, color units, coherence of ideas and experimental programs in a short time. In 1960 the world's firs laser come out. In the summer of 1961, under the auspices of Wang Zhijiang, China's first ruby laser developed. Within a short space of a few years, laser technology developed rapidly, and a number of advanced achievements were produced. Various types of solids, gases, chemicals and semiconductor lasers hcrve been successfully developed. In the basic research and key technologies, a series of new concepts, new methods and new technologies ( such as mutation and cavity Q-to-Gt, traveling wave amplification, Re-use system, free electron oscillations radiation, etc. ) have been put forward and implemented, many of which are unique.

1957年，王大珩等在長春建立了我國第一所光學專業研究所——中國科學院（長春）光學精密儀器機械研究所（簡稱“光機所”）。在老一輩專家帶領下，一批青年科技工作者迅速成長，鄧錫銘是其中的突出代表。早在1958年美國物理學家肖洛、湯斯關於激光原理的著名論文發表不久，他便積極倡導開展這項新技術研究，在短時間內凝聚了富有創新精神的中青年研究隊伍，提出了大量提高光源亮度、單位色性、相干性的設想和實驗方案。1960年世界第一臺激光器問世。1961年夏，在王之江主持下，我國第一臺紅寶石激光器研製成功。此後短短几年內，激光技術迅速發展，產生了一批先進成果。各種類型的固體、氣體、半導體和化學激光器相繼研製成功。在基礎研究和關鍵技術方面、一系列新概念、新方法和新技術（如腔的Q突變及轉鏡調Q、行波放大、錸系離子的利用、自由電子振盪輻射等）紛紛提出並獲得實施，其中不少具有獨創性。

At the same time, as a high-brightness, high-directional, high-quaIity, and other advanced features of the new light source, laser was used in various technical fields quickly, demonstrating a strong vitality and competitiveness. On communication, in September 1964, television pictures were transmitted by laser demon- stration, and in November 1964, calls were achieved in 3 km t0 30 km. On industry, in May 1965, with laser drilling machine successfully used in Drawing Die Blanking production, significant economic benefits were acquired. On Medicine, in June 1965, retinal laser welding for the animals and clinical trials were conducted. On national defense, in December 1965 , laser rangefinder Diffuse Reflectance ( accuracy of 10m/10km) successfully developed, and in April 1966, remote control pulse laser Doppler velocimeter successfully developed.

同時，作爲具有高亮度、高方向性、高質量等優異特性的新光源，激光很快應用於各技術領域，顯示出強大的生命力和競爭力。通信方面，1964年9月用激光演示傳送電視圖像，1964年11月實現3—30千米的通話。工業方面，1965年5月激光打孔機成勸地用於拉絲模打孔生產，獲得顯著經濟效益。醫學方面，1965年6月激光視網膜焊接器進行了動物和臨牀實驗。國防方面，1965年12月研製成功激光漫反射測距機（精度爲10米/10千米），1966年4月研製出遙控脈衝激光多普勒測速儀。