雙語科技百科(近現代成就) 第117期:"神舟一號"飛船
Shenzhou I Experimental Spacecraft
Nov. 20, 1999, China successfully launched Shenzhou I experimental spaceship on a LM-2F launch vehicle in Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, which laid solid foundation for realizing the strategic target for manned space flight. Four orbital test flights of the Shenzhou spacecraft were conducted without crews. Remained in orbit for 21 hours, it made 14 0rbits around the Earth carrying a dummy astronaut, experimental seeds, national flags and a banner with signatures of participating engineers and scientists and after that the descent module lands in central Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region the next day.
神舟一號飛船是中華人民共和國載人航天計劃中發射的4艘無人飛船的第一艘實驗飛船。飛船於1999年1 1月20日在酒泉航天發射場成功發射，承擔發射任務的是在“長征2號”捆綁式火箭的基礎上改進研製的“長征2號”F載人航天火箭。飛船攜帶一個飛行員模型、一些實驗種子，國旗和一面帶有航天工程師和科學家簽名的橫幅繞地球飛行14圈後，順利降落在內蒙古中部地區的着陸場，飛船在太空中共飛行了21個小時。The unmanned spacecraft consists of orbit, descent and propulsion modules. The orbit module is the place where astronauts live and work. The descent cabin lies in the middle of the spaceship, and is the astronauts cabin and the command and control center. It is a airtight structure with a hatch on the top for astronaut to get in and out of the descent cabin and enter the orbital module, and it is the only landing part of the spaceship to return into the air and to land on the earth. In advancement spacecraft has two solar cell wings, attached to the outside of the instrument propulsion module below the descent cabin. The two solar cell wing total area of 24.48 m2, which are deployed after launch and supply the power distribution. Shenzhou I experimental spaceship is the important milestone in China's spaceflight history.
飛船由軌道艙、返回艙和推進艙組成。軌道艙位於飛船的前段，通過艙口與後面的返回艙相通，軌道艙是宇航員在軌飛行期間的生活艙、試驗艙和貨艙。飛船中部的返回艙是飛船的指揮控制中心，航天員乘坐其上天和返回地面。推進艙位於飛船的後部，主要用於飛船的姿態控制、變軌和制動。除此之外，推進艙兩側裝有20多平方米的主太陽能電池陣。飛船發射後兩側太陽能電池陣機翼打開爲前進中的飛船提供電力。“神舟一號”無人試驗飛船是中國載人航天工程的首次飛行，標誌着中國在載人航天飛行技術上有了重大突破，是中國航天史上的重要里程碑。
