爭取2020年完成修憲
Shinzo Abe has for the first time laid out a clear timetable for revision of Japan’s pacifist constitution, scheduling the landmark change — his most cherished ambition — for the Tokyo Olympic year of 2020.
安倍晉三(Shinzo Abe)首次爲修訂日本和平憲法提出了明確的時間表，把這項具有里程碑意義的改變——他最看重的雄心——安排在舉行東京奧運會的2020年。In a signal of the prime minister’s resolve on an issue that splits Japan, his comments emerged yesterday on Constitution Memorial Day, the national holiday marking the promulgation of a document that has shaped Japan’s domestic and international politics since 1947.
有一個信號突顯了日本首相在這個導致國內分歧的問題上的決心，他在昨日憲法紀念日宣佈修憲時間表；這個節日是爲了紀念1947年5月3日施行、自那以來決定着日本國內和國際政治的和平憲法。“I want to make 2020 the year that a new constitution comes into effect,” Mr Abe told a private symposium in a video message, the contents of which were reported by Japanese media. “We have reached a point where we have to start discussions in more concrete terms in order to present the public with a proposal for revision to the constitution.”
“我希望2020年成爲新憲法施行的一年，”安倍在視頻講話中告訴一個私人研討會；日本媒體報道了講話內容。“我們已經到了必須展開更加具體的討論的時候，以便向公衆呈現修憲提案。”
Earlier in the week, when he pointed to the gravity of escalating tensions over North Korea, Mr Abe told a cross-party group of parliamentarians that only a small minority of the public “think of the constitution as an immortal tome”.
本週早些時候，在指出圍繞朝鮮的緊張局勢升級的嚴重性的時候，安倍對一個跨黨派議員團體表示，只有一小部分公衆“把憲法視爲不朽的卷冊”。In an interview with the Yomiuri newspaper published yesterday, Mr Abe described the 2017 anniversary of the constitution, a document written while Japan was still under US occupation, as a “ripe opportunity” for revision.
在昨日發表的《讀賣新聞》(Yomiuri)專訪中，安倍形容2017年的憲法紀念日是一個推進修憲的“成熟機遇”。現行憲法是日本在美國佔領時期制定的憲制文件。Since Mr Abe came to power in December 2012, investors in Japan have been wary of his enthusiasm for constitutional reform. Despite some encouraging signals, there are fears the Abenomics project of economic revival will remain unfinished if he devotes his remaining years in office to securing the support for changing the constitution.
自安倍晉三在2012年12月上臺以來，日本投資者對他的憲法改革熱情一直抱有戒心。儘管有一些令人鼓舞的信號，但人們擔心，如果他在剩餘的任期全力投入爲修憲爭取支持，以重振經濟爲目標的安倍經濟學(Abenomics)項目將會不了了之。Constitutional revision requires a two-thirds majority in both houses of parliament as well as a majority of public support in a national referendum.
修訂憲法需要在日本國會兩院分別贏得三分之二多數支持，並在全民公投中贏得多數公衆的支持。The amendment, which would mark the first change to the constitution in 70 years, will focus on Article 9, the so-called peace clause in which Japan renounces the threat or use of force in settling international disputes and vows that land, sea and air forces “will never be maintained”.
70年來第一次修憲的焦點將放在第9條，即所謂的和平條款，即日本放棄威脅或使用武力來解決國際爭端，並誓言“不保持”陸海空軍及其他戰爭力量。Successive interpretations of the clause over the years have provided political cover for Japan to build its Self-Defence Forces into what some analysts rank as one of the world’s 10 best-equipped and funded militaries.
多年來對這一條進行的多次解釋，爲日本發展其自衛隊(Self-Defence Forces)提供了政治依據。一些分析人士認爲，目前自衛隊是世界上前十大裝備精良、經費充足的軍事力量之一。
While the precise language of any proposed amendment has yet to be made public, a draft was produced in 2012 when Mr Abe was still in opposition, and he has since repeated his intention to add a clause giving the SDF the official right to exist. “In our generation we need to establish the constitutional standing of the Self-Defence Forces so that there is no room for debate,” he told the symposium.
雖然擬議中的修憲提案的準確措辭尚未公佈，但有一份草案在2012年安倍所在政黨仍是反對黨的時候就已出爐，此後他重申有意在憲法中增補一條，賦予自衛隊正式存在權利。“我希望至少在我們這一代在憲法中就自衛隊的存在作出明確的定位，不給‘自衛隊的存在可能屬於違憲行爲’之類的辯論留下餘地，”他對上述研討會表示。Despite Mr Abe’s solid levels of public support, his desire to revise the constitution is hugely divisive. The most recent polls on the issue, conducted by Nikkei, showed 46 per cent against change versus 45 per cent in favour.
儘管安倍得到公衆的強勁支持，但是他的修憲願望導致極大的意見分歧。日經(Nikkei)在這個問題上進行的最新民調顯示，46%反對修憲，45%贊成修憲。Two years ago, when Mr Abe pushed through a law that would allow Japanese troops to fight overseas for the first time since the second world war, the issue sparked mass protests.
兩年前，安倍推動通過一部法律，自二戰以來首次允許自衛隊在海外投入作戰，此舉引發了大規模抗議。
