希臘財政部長被迫辭職 德國對希臘態度強硬

ATHENS — Germany maintained a hard line with Athens on Monday after Greek voters rejected Europe’s austerity policies in a referendum, intensifying pressure on Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras to restart bailout talks and opening a rift with European countries that appeared more inclined now to consider softening the push for austerity.

雅典——週一，在希臘公投否決了歐洲的緊縮政策之後，德國對雅典的態度依然強硬，這加大了希臘總理亞歷克西斯·齊普拉斯(Alexis Tsipras)重啓救助談判的壓力，也造成德國與某些歐洲國家之間的裂痕，後者目前似乎更傾向於考慮緩和緊縮政策的力度。

As Mr. Tsipras changed his finance minister Monday and laid plans to restart bailout negotiations with creditors, however, it appeared the jubilation that followed the no vote in Greece could fade quickly as signs of financial collapse become more evident.

週一，齊普拉斯更換了財政部長，制定了重啓與債權人之間救助談判的計劃。但是，隨着金融體系崩潰的跡象日趨明顯，否決結果帶來的喜慶氛圍可能很快就會消退。

While the referendum may have lifted Mr. Tsipras’s popularity and bought some time to return to negotiations, Greek banks are almost out of cash and are expected to stay closed for at least several more days, analysts and people close to the situation in Greece said.

雖然公投可能提升了齊普拉斯的人氣，並且爭取了一些時間來恢復談判，但分析師和密切關注希臘局勢的人士表示，希臘銀行的現金幾乎已經耗盡，預計將繼續關閉至少數日。

The government decided on Monday that a bank holiday scheduled to end Tuesday would now be extended through Wednesday, and a daily cap on A.T.M. withdrawals of 60 euros, about $66, in place since last week, could be tightened. An announcement was expected later in the day. Long lines formed again at cash machines in Athens on Monday as people continued to take out money in dribs and drabs.

希臘政府週一決定，原定週二結束的銀行關閉期限，現在將延長到週三。上週起執行的ATM機每日每賬戶60歐元（約合410元人民幣）的取款上限可能還會收緊。根據預期，晚些時候還會發出相關公告。週一，雅典的取款機前再次排起長隊，人們小筆小筆地取出存款。

The European Central Bank decided Monday to maintain emergency loans to Greek banks at about 89 billion euros, a level that keeps them from failing but will not prevent them from running out of cash they can issue to depositors within a few days.

歐洲央行(European Central Bank)週一決定，繼續向希臘銀行提供總計約890億歐元的緊急貸款，這可以避免希臘銀行崩潰，但無法避免它們在數日之內耗盡能夠供應給儲戶的現金。

Ominously, the central bank also said it would tighten requirements for collateral that Greek banks must post in return for loans. The decision means that, even if the European Central Bank decides to increase the lending limit, Greek banks might not have enough collateral needed to qualify for more emergency cash.

不利的是，歐洲央行還表示，將收緊希臘銀行用來貸款的抵押品要求。這一決定意味着，即使歐洲央行決定提高貸款限額，希臘銀行可能也沒有足夠的抵押品，來取得更多的現金救急。

The decision was a concession to hard liners on the central bank’s Governing Council, and a sign the central bank is worried about losses it would suffer if Greek banks fail.

該決定是對歐洲央行管理委員會(Governing Council)強硬派的一個讓步，也顯示了央行擔心希臘銀行破產會令自己蒙受重大損失。

If a deal for emergency financial aid or a reduction of the nation’s mountainous debt is not struck soon, Greece will probably default on international loans this month, and paying civil servants and pensioners will be increasingly problematic. Should Greece run out of euros in the absence of a deal, it could soon be forced to issue a parallel currency or i.o.u.s to pay its domestic bills, leading it out of the euro currency.

如果提供緊急金融救助，或減免該國深重債務的協議無法儘快達成，希臘可能會在本月對國際貸款違約，而公務員工資及退休金的發放也會越發艱難。如果希臘耗盡歐元，又沒有達成協議，可能很快就不得不通過發行並行貨幣或者打白條的方式來支付其國內賬單，導致其退出歐元區。

Mr. Tsipras on Monday took the first steps toward conciliation with Greece’s creditors. The combative finance minister, Yanis Varoufakis, abruptly resigned at Mr. Tsipras’s behest, and was replaced by Euclid Tsakalotos, an Oxford-educated economist who took over from Mr. Varoufakis as Greece’s lead negotiator at the end of April.

週一當天，齊普拉斯邁出了與債權人和解的第一步。在齊普拉斯的要求下，好鬥的財政部長亞尼斯·瓦魯法基斯(Yanis Varoufakis)突然辭職，被出身牛津的經濟學家歐幾里德·察卡洛託斯(Euclid Tsakalotos)取而代之。4月末，察卡洛託斯接替瓦魯法基斯，出任了希臘首席談判代表。

After a six-hour meeting, the leaders of Greece’s five main political parties issued a statement saying they would seek discussions with creditors to secure sufficient funds for the nation’s financing needs. They also pledged to carry out “credible reforms,” tackle unemployment and broach the issue of making Greece’s large public debt more sustainable.

在舉行了一場長達六小時的會議後，希臘五大政黨發佈了一則聲明，稱它們將尋求與債權人舉行磋商，以便爲該國的融資需求取得充足的資金。它們還承諾實行“可信的改革”、解決失業問題，並着手讓希臘的鉅額公共債務更具可持續性。

Still, Germany, the eurozone country to which Greece owes the most money and the one that has tended to take the hardest line in the debt talks, warned on Monday against hopes for a quick resolution. A spokesman for the Finance Ministry said Berlin saw no new basis for negotiations with Athens at this point.

然而，週一當天，德國警告，不要指望快速出臺解決方案。德國作爲歐元區國家，是希臘最大的債主，在債務談判中態度往往最爲強硬。德國財政部發言人稱，柏林目前沒有看到與雅典舉行談判的新基礎。

The spokesman for Angela Merkel, Germany’s chancellor, said that while Greece was still in the eurozone, it was up to Athens to determine whether the country would stay.

德國總理安格拉·默克爾的發言人稱，儘管希臘現在仍留在歐元區，但該國是否能留下來，取決於雅典方面。

The Greek government said Monday afternoon that Mr. Tsipras and Ms. Merkel had spoken by telephone and had agreed that he would present new debt proposals on Tuesday, when eurozone leaders are to meet in Brussels.

希臘政府週一下午表示，齊普拉斯和默克爾已通過電話，且雙方同意齊普拉斯週二提交新的債務方案。歐元區領導人將於週二在布魯塞爾會面。

At a news conference in Brussels on Monday, the European Commission’s vice president for euro affairs, Valdis Dombrovskis, said that the no vote in Greece would “dramatically weaken” the country’s negotiating stand with creditors and had made things “more complicated.”

週一，在布魯塞爾的新聞發佈會上，歐盟委員會(European Commission)負責歐元事務的副主席瓦爾迪斯·東布羅夫斯基斯(Valdis Dombrovskis)表示，希臘的否決會“嚴重削弱”該國與債權人之間談判的基礎，讓形勢變得“更爲複雜”。

But now is the time to seek a way forward, he said, adding, “If all sides are working seriously, it’s possible to find a solution, even in this very complicated situation.”

但他說，現在是尋找前進道路的時候。並接着表示，“如果各方認真工作，即便是在這種非常複雜的形勢下，也是有可能找到解決辦法的。”

The French finance minister, Michel Sapin, said on French radio Monday that while Greece’s no vote “resolves nothing,” France could support debt relief for Greece should Mr. Tsipras come forward with a proposal containing “serious” terms for a new bailout package.

法國財長米歇爾·薩潘(Michel Sapin)週一在法國的電臺上表示，儘管希臘的否決“什麼都解決不了”，但如果齊普拉斯拿出的方案中，含有針對新救助計劃的“嚴肅”條款，法國可能會支持減免希臘的債務。

Mr. Sapin’s remarks came ahead of a meeting set for Monday evening in Paris between President François Hollande of France and Ms. Merkel to discuss how to deal with Greece.

薩潘發表此番言論之前，法國總統弗朗索瓦·奧朗德(François Hollande)和默克爾計劃於週一傍晚在巴黎舉行會晤，商討如何應對希臘問題。

Mr. Tsipras may recognize that Greece has only days, if not hours, to wring some kind of deal from its creditors before full-scale economic collapse sets in. The country’s banks are on the verge of running out of euros, and Greeks could soon begin to suffer shortages of fuel and other imported goods.

齊普拉斯可能已經意識到，在全面經濟崩潰上演前，希臘從債權人那裏得到某種協議的時間，即使不是按小時算，也是按天算的。該國的銀行處在歐元告罄的邊緣，民衆可能很快就會面臨燃料及其他進口商品短缺的局面。

The Eurogroup of eurozone finance ministers, with whom Greece broke off debt talks late last month, planned to meet in Brussels Monday afternoon to discuss an offer by Athens to resume discussions. Because the deadline for the country’s second bailout package has lapsed, any talks in the Eurogroup on Greek proposals would most likely focus on the terms for a third aid package for the country.

由歐元區國家財政部長組成的歐元集團(Eurogroup)計劃週一下午在布魯塞爾召開會議，討論希臘提出的重啓談判的主張。上月末，希臘中斷了與該機構的債務談判。因爲該國第二宗救助計劃的最後期限已過，歐元集團就希臘提出的方案舉行的任何談判，都極有可能把重點放在面向該國的第三宗救助計劃上。

The meeting between Mr. Hollande and Ms. Merkel on Monday evening could prove crucial because, while Germany has taken the hardest line against Greece, France has shown signs of being more conciliatory.

奧朗德與默克爾週一傍晚的會面可能至關重要，因爲儘管德國對希臘的態度是最強硬的，但法國表現出了較爲緩和的跡象。

The two leaders are scheduled to make a brief statement to the news media at 7:15 p.m. in Paris before a working dinner, after which they do not plan to make any further announcement, the French government said.

法國政府稱，兩位領導人定於晚上7點15分在巴黎向新聞媒體發佈一項簡短聲明，然後共進工作餐。法國政府還表示雙方不打算髮表任何進一步的聲明。

Mr. Varoufakis, who announced his resignation via a Twitter message, said in a statement on his website that he was stepping down because Greece’s creditors had made it clear that they did not want to negotiate any further with him.

瓦魯法基斯是通過Twitter宣佈辭職的。在其個人網站上的一則聲明中，瓦魯法基斯表示，自己下臺是因爲希臘債權人明確表示，它們不想再與他進行進一步的談判了。

The French finance minister, Mr. Sapin, in his radio interview on Monday, criticized Mr. Varoufakis for the “terrorism” accusation against creditors.

週一接受電臺採訪時，法國財長薩潘批評了瓦魯法基斯對債權人做出的“恐怖主義”譴責。

“That was wrong,” he said, speaking after Mr. Varoufakis announced his resignation. “This was a spirited man, who has faith. But he also made statements that were difficult to accept, especially in France, including using the term ‘terrorism.’”

“那是錯誤的，”他在瓦魯法基斯宣佈辭職後說。“他是一個很有活力的人，有自己的信條。但他也說了一些令人難以接受，特別是在法國令人難以接受的話，包括用‘恐怖主義’這個詞。”

But Mr. Sapin indicated that the French government would draw a distinction between any resentment of Mr. Varoufakis’s negotiating tactics and the problems still facing Greece.

但薩潘表示，法國政府會區分對於瓦魯法基斯的談判策略的憤恨，和希臘仍面臨的問題。

If Greece now comes back to the negotiating table with a solid plan to jump-start talks, France could be prepared to “ensure that in the early days, the early years, Greece’s debt is alleviated,” Mr. Sapin said.

薩潘稱，如果希臘現在拿着一個可靠的方案回到談判桌上，重啓談判，法國可能準備“確保在最初幾天和最初幾年，希臘的債務得到減免”。

A Greek exit from the eurozone “is not desired by the French president,” Mr. Sapin said. Nonetheless, he added, if Greece were to leave the euro, the currency bloc would not be destabilized.

薩潘表示，希臘退出歐元區“不是法國總統所希望的”。然而，他接着說，如果希臘離開，歐元區也不會出現不穩定。