年美國的人權紀錄
2016年美國的人權紀錄
Human Rights Record of the United States in 2016
中華人民共和國國務院新聞辦公室
State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China
2017年3月
March 2017
目錄
Contents
導言
Foreword
一、生命人身權利受到嚴重侵犯
I. Serious Infringement on Right to Life, Personal Security
二、政治權利遭到踐踏
II. Political Rights Undermined
三、中低收入羣體生活狀況堪憂
III. Grim Living Conditions of Low- and Middle-income Americans
四、種族歧視愈演愈烈
IV. Racial Discrimination Worsened
五、婦女兒童老年人權利缺乏應有保障
V. Women, Children, Elders’ Rights Lack Proper Protection
六、粗暴侵犯他國人權
VI. Gross Violations of Human Rights in Other Countries
導言
Foreword
當地時間3月3日，美國國務院發佈《2016年國別人權報告》，繼續以“人權裁判官”自居，揮舞“人權大棒”，對世界各國人權狀況品頭論足、橫加指責，而對美國自身存在的嚴重人權問題則全然不顧。人們不禁要問，2016年美國的人權狀況到底如何呢？事實說明，2016年美國的人權狀況在一些重要方面繼續呈惡化趨勢。“自由女神”背後不絕於耳的槍聲，愈演愈烈的種族歧視問題，以及金錢政治主導下的選舉鬧劇，使自詡的“人權衛士”以自己的行爲戳穿了其編造的人權“神話”。
On March 3 local time, the State Department of the United States released its country reports on human rights practices, posing once again as “the judge of human rights”. Wielding “the baton of human rights,” it pointed fingers and cast blame on the human rights situation in many countries while paying no attention to its own terrible human rights problems. People cannot help asking about the actual human rights situation of the United States in 2016. Concrete facts show that the United States saw continued deterioration in some key aspects of its existent human rights issues last year. With the gunshots lingering in people’s ears behind the Statue of Liberty, worsening racial discrimination and the election farce dominated by money politics, the self-proclaimed human rights defender has exposed its human rights “myth” with its own deeds.
——涉槍犯罪持續高發，監禁率居高不下。全年共發生槍擊事件58125起，其中大的槍擊事件385起，共造成15039人死亡，30589人受傷，死傷慘重。（注1）美國監禁率居世界第二，每10萬居民中有693人被監禁，（注2）受過監禁的人數高達7000萬，佔成年人的三分之一。（注3）
– The frequent occurrence of gun-related crimes led to heavy casualties and the incarceration rate remained high. There were a total of 58,125 gun violence incidents, including 385 mass shootings, in the United States in 2016, leaving 15,039 killed and 30,589 injured (, December 31, 2016). The United States had the second highest prisoner rate, with 693 prisoners per 100,000 of the national population (, April 2016). There had been 70 million Americans incarcerated – that’s almost one in three adults - with some form of criminal record (, January 5, 2017).
——貧富差距不斷擴大，中低收入羣體生活狀況堪憂。2016年，美國成年人全職工作比例創1983年以來最低水平。（注4）過去30年將近70%的收入流入到最富有的10%的人的腰包，（注5）中產階級規模出現拐點式萎縮。4500萬貧困人口生活困難，（注6）七分之一的美國人生活在貧困線以下。（注7）預期壽命20多年來首次出現總體下降，平均壽命從78.9歲下降到78.8歲。（注8）
– Livelihood of middle- and low-income groups was worrisome amid widening income gap. In 2016, the proportion of adult Americans who had a full-time job hit a record low since 1983. Over the last three decades, nearly 70 percent of income ended up in the pockets of the wealthiest 10 percent. The population of U.S. middle-class registered a turning point toward contraction. Besides, one out of seven Americans remained in poverty, with life of 45 million people in strained circumstances. The average life expectancy fell from 78.9 years to 78.8 years as the United States posted a drop in overall life expectancy for the first time in over 20 years.
——種族主義持續存在，種族關係日趨惡化。2016年，聯合國人權理事會非洲裔問題專家工作組向聯合國人權理事會提交正式調查報告，稱美國國內種族問題嚴重，沒有解決好殖民歷史、奴隸制、種族隔離、種族不平等和種族恐怖主義等問題。警察槍殺使人聯想起過去奴隸制私刑處死的種族恐怖主義行爲，美國正面臨一場“人權危機”。（注9）
– Racism continued to exist and racial relations worsened. In 2016, the United Nations’ Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent reported to the United Nations Human Rights Council that racial problems were severe in the United States. The colonial history, enslavement, racial subordination and segregation, racial terrorism and racial inequality in the United States remained a serious challenge. Police killings were reminiscent of the past racial terror of lynching. The United States was undergoing a “human rights crisis” (, August 18, 2016).
——婦女兒童老年人權利保障狀況未見改善，弱勢羣體權利受到嚴重侵犯。女性收入大幅低於男性，紐約市公共部門的性別薪資差距達18%，（注10）加利福尼亞州薪酬等於或低於最低工資的勞工六成是婦女。（注11）性騷擾、性侵犯事件頻發，約四分之一的女性曾在工作中受到過性騷擾，（注12）近兩成年輕女性在大學四年期間遭到過性侵犯。（注13）兒童貧困率居高不下，680萬名10-17歲的青少年處於食品匱乏狀態。（注14）虐待老年人事件時有發生，每年約有500萬老年人遭到虐待。（注15）
– There was no improvement to the protection of rights of women, children and elders, and the vulnerable groups’ rights were seriously violated. Women were paid much less compared to their male colleagues. Women with city government jobs in New York made 18 percent less than men (, April 11, 2016). Women comprised about 60 percent of California workers earning minimum wage or less (, April 10, 2016). Sexual harassments and assaults took place frequently. Roughly one in four women said they have been harassed on the job (, July 7, 2016). A total of 20 percent of young women who attended college during a four-year span said they had been sexually assaulted (, March 5, 2016). Poverty rate among children remained high and an estimated 6.8 million people aged 10 to 17 are food insecure (, September 11, 2016). Cases of elder abuse happened from time to time and about 5 million older adults were subject to abuse each year (, June 15, 2016).
——侵犯他國人權現象屢有發生，肆意濫殺無辜。2014年8月8日至2016年12月19日，美國空襲伊拉克7258次，空襲敘利亞5828次，造成733起平民死亡事件，共導致4568-6127名平民死亡。（注16）2009年以來，美國無人機攻擊僅在巴基斯坦、也門和索馬里就造成超過800名平民傷亡。（注17）非法關押和虐待他國囚犯問題遲遲未得到解決。
– The United States repeatedly trampled on human rights in other countries and willfully slaughtered innocent victims. From August 8, 2014 to December 19, 2016, the United States launched 7,258 air strikes in Iraq and 5,828 in Syria, causing 733 incidents with an estimated number of civilian deaths between 4,568 and 6,127 (, December 19, 2016). Since 2009, the upper limit of the civilian death toll from U.S. drones stood at more than 800 people in Pakistan, Yemen and Somalia. (, July 1, 2016) The issue of illegal detention and torturing prisoners of other countries remained unsolved.
——拒絕批准核心國際人權公約，拒不接受聯合國有關人權決議草案。美國至今仍未批准《經濟、社會和文化權利國際公約》《消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約》《兒童權利公約》和《殘疾人權利公約》等核心國際人權公約。在2016年第71屆聯合國大會期間，美國對關於“發展權”“人權與單方面強制措施”“促進建立一個民主和公平的國際秩序”“和平權利宣言”等涉及人權的決議草案投了反對票。（注18）
– The United States refused to approve core international conventions on human rights and did not accept UN draft resolutions related to human rights. It still has not ratified core international human rights conventions, including the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women; the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. At the 71st General Assembly of the UN, the United States voted against draft resolutions related to human rights including “The right to development,” “Human rights and unilateral coercive measures,” “Promotion of a democratic and equitable international order,” and “Declaration on the right to peace” (, December 19, 2016).
一、生命人身權利受到嚴重侵犯
I. Serious Infringement on Right to Life, Personal Security
2016年，美國政府槍支管控不力，執法部門濫用權力，犯罪得不到有效遏制，公民權利特別是生命權利受到嚴重威脅，人身權利持續受到侵犯。
In 2016, the U.S. government exercised no effective control over guns, law enforcement departments abused their power, and crimes were not effectively contained. As a result, civil rights, especially the right to life, were seriously threatened and people’s personal rights were continuously infringed upon.
