第一部在紐約取景的電影

was the first movie shot on location in New York City?

問：第一部在紐約市實地拍攝的電影是哪一部？

A. While Thomas A. Edison’s Kinetoscopes had been introduced in Manhattan in 1894, those films, which ran on a loop, were enclosed in a wooden cabinet and viewed only through an eyepiece.

答：1894年，托馬斯·A·愛迪生(Thomas A. Edison)的活動電影放映機(Kinetoscopes)被引入曼哈頓。這個機器的原理是：膠片被封閉在木櫃裏，在一個循環的迴路上轉動，只能通過目鏡觀看。

The first film shot on location that was made to be projected on a screen was probably “Herald Square,” which was shot on May 11, 1896, by an Edison assistant, William Heise. He used a new camera that had been designed by Edison for shooting outdoor scenes, according to “Celluloid Skyline: New York and the Movies,” by James Sanders (Alfred A. Knopf, 2002). Just three weeks earlier, America’s first projected motion pictures were being shown near Herald Square in Koster & Bial’s Music Hall on 34th Street, where Macy’s now sits.

第一部實地拍攝、計劃投影到銀幕上的電影很可能是《先驅廣場》(Herald Square)。它是1896年5月11日由愛迪生的助手威廉·海斯(William Heise)拍攝的。據詹姆斯·桑德斯(James Sanders)的書《電影天際線：紐約與電影》（Celluloid Skyline: New York and the Movies，克諾夫出版社，2002年）說，海斯當時用的是愛迪生設計的一款用於拍攝戶外場景的新攝像機。就在三週前，美國的第一部投影電影在先驅廣場附近第34街上的科斯特&比亞爾音樂廳(Koster & Bial’s Music Hall)放映。如今，先驅廣場是梅西百貨(Macy’s)的所在地。

“Looking out at the bright spring scene, he could see the energetic heart of a great city, bursting with life,” Mr. Sanders wrote of Mr. Heise. “Well-dressed pedestrians mingled with the surging traffic along 34th Street. The elevated train roared periodically along tracks above Sixth Avenue.”

“透過窗外燦爛的春天景緻，他能看到這座偉大城市充滿活力與生機的心臟，”桑德斯寫道。文中的“他”指的是海斯。“穿着考究的行人與第34街上洶涌的交通工具混在一起。第六大道上方的鐵軌上不時有高架火車呼嘯而過。”

These documentary films, just a minute or two long, were called actualities; they had no plots, stories or characters. They were soon supplanted by story films, Mr. Sanders wrote, especially chase scenes with police officers and criminals.

這些紀錄片只有一兩分鐘，它們沒有情節、故事或人物,當時被稱爲現況片(actualities)。桑德斯寫道，它們很快被故事片取代，特別是警匪追逐的場景。

One of the earliest on-location efforts to present a story on screen was shot on Aug. 21, 1901, for Edison: “What Happened on Twenty-Third Street, New York City,” starring Alfred C. Abadie and Florence Georgie. It was an actuality film with a short staged scene. A man and woman are walking when the wind, blowing upward through a sidewalk vent, lifts her skirt and exposes her stockinged legs. The astonished passers-by were ordinary New Yorkers who got into camera range.

最早爲了在銀幕上展示故事而進行的實景拍攝發生在1901年8月21日，電影名爲《紐約第23街事件》(What Happened on Twenty-Third Street, New York City)，主演是阿爾弗雷德·C·阿巴迪(Alfred C. Abadie)和弗洛倫絲·格奧爾基(Florence Georgie)，由愛迪生公司拍攝。它屬於現況電影，有一小段表演場景。一個男人和一個女人在散步，人行道通風口的風吹起了她的裙子，露出了她穿着長筒襪的腿。驚訝的路人只是無意中走進鏡頭的普通紐約人。

Does that scene remind you of another? It would be repeated, famously, by Marilyn Monroe in 1955 in “The Seven-Year Itch,” on Lexington Avenue at 52nd Street. According to the Internet Movie Database, the noise from the thousands of spectators (who included an irate Joe DiMaggio, Monroe’s husband) made the footage unusable, and the scene was reshot in Hollywood.

它是不是讓你想到了另一個場景？1955年，瑪麗蓮·夢露(Marilyn Monroe)在拍攝影片《七年之癢》(The Seven-Year Itch)時在第52街的列剋星敦大道上重演了那著名的一幕。據互聯網電影數據庫(Internet Movie Database)稱，由於上萬名圍觀者的噪音（其中包括夢露丈夫喬·迪馬喬[Joe DiMaggio]憤怒的聲音），這段鏡頭無法使用，只好在好萊塢重拍。

Q. Some friends have opened a coffee place near me in Astoria, and they’ve got a license so they can sell wine and beer. They’ve asked me to come up with a few cocktail recipes for them, but I can’t use any spirits, because their license doesn’t cover hard alcohol. It got me wondering, though: What’s the highest-percentage alcohol one can sell in New York City while still complying with a beer and wine license? Would sherries, ports and other fortified wines qualify?

問：我的一些朋友在阿斯托里亞我家附近開了一個咖啡館，並獲得了銷售葡萄酒和啤酒的許可證。他們讓我幫忙設計一些雞尾酒配方，但是不能用任何烈酒，因爲他們的許可證不包含烈酒。不過我在想：在紐約市，符合啤酒和葡萄酒許可證標準的最高酒精濃度是多少？雪利酒、波特酒和其他加強型葡萄酒符合標準嗎？

A. The magic number is 24. William Crowley, a spokesman for the New York State Liquor Authority, explained: “The Alcoholic Beverage Control Law limits the alcohol content in wine to 24 percent. Consequently, most sherries, ports and other fortified wines may be sold and served by licensees that hold a restaurant wine license. If a wine is fortified with liquor and is above 24 percent, it would be classified as a liquor and could only be sold by a business with a full liquor license.”

答：答案是24度。紐約州酒類管理局(New York State Liquor Authority)發言人威廉·克勞利(William Crowley)解釋說：“酒精飲料管控法(The Alcoholic Beverage Control Law)規定，葡萄酒的酒精濃度最高爲24度。所以，大部分雪利酒和波特酒等加強型葡萄酒可以在擁有葡萄酒許可證的店鋪銷售或供應。如果在葡萄酒中加入烈酒，導致酒精濃度超過24%，那麼它將被列爲烈酒，只能在擁有完全酒精許可證的場所銷售。”