讓屏幕代替父母陪孩子?世衛組織:這樣是不對的!

Babies and toddlers should not be left to passively watch TV or other screens, according to new World Health Organization guidelines.

根據世界衛生組織新發布的指導方針，不應該讓嬰幼兒被動地看電視或其他屏幕。

Sedentary screen time, including computer games, should not happen before a child is two, the WHO says.

世界衛生組織稱，兩歲以下的幼兒不能久坐不動地看屏幕，包括玩電腦遊戲。

The limit for two- to four-year-olds is an hour a day and less is better.

兩歲到四歲的幼童每天看屏幕的時間最好不要超過一個小時。

The new WHO advice focuses on passive viewing - youngsters being placed in front of a TV or computer screen or handed a tablet or mobile phone for entertainment - and is aimed at tackling child inactivity, a leading risk factor for global mortality and obesity-related ill health.

世界衛生組織的新指導意見主要關注被動看屏幕的現象——小孩被放在電視機或電腦前，或讓孩子玩平板電腦或手機，該指導意見的目標是解決兒童缺乏活動的問題，活動量不足是造成全球死亡和肥胖相關疾病的首要風險因素。

It is the first time the WHO has made recommendations on physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep for children under five.

這是世界衛生組織首次對五歲以下兒童的身體活動、久坐行爲和睡眠提出建議。

As well as warning against passive screen time, it says babies should not spend longer than an hour at a time strapped into a buggy, car seat or sling.

除了對被動屏幕時間提出警告，世界衛生組織還指出，寶寶坐在嬰兒車（童車）、車座或揹帶上的時間一次不能超過一個小時。

For babies:

嬰兒：

Be physically active several times a day, including at least 30 minutes' "tummy time" - lying on their front

每天做數次運動，包括至少30分鐘的俯臥

No sedentary screen time

不能久坐看屏幕

14-17 hours' sleep a day, including naps, for newborns - reducing to 12-16 by four to 11 months

新生兒每天睡14到17個小時（包括打盹），4-11月嬰兒每天睡12到 16個小時

Should not be restrained (ie strapped into a recliner, seat or sling) for more than an hour at a time

坐在躺椅、座椅或揹帶上一次不能超過一個小時

For one- and two-year-olds:

一歲到兩歲幼兒：

At least three hours' physical activity a day

每天至少活動三個小時

No sedentary screen time for one-year-olds and less than an hour for two-year-olds

一歲幼兒不能久坐看屏幕，兩歲幼兒看屏幕時間要少於1個小時

11-14 hours' sleep a day, including naps

每天睡11到14個小時，包括打盹

Should not be restrained for more than an hour at a time or sit for extended periods of time

坐在童車、揹帶或座椅上的時間一次不能超過一個小時

For three- and four-year-olds:

三歲到四歲兒童：

At least three hours' physical activity a day, including at least one of moderate or vigorous intensity

每天至少活動三個小時，包括至少一次中高強度的鍛鍊

Up to an hour of sedentary screen time - less is better

久坐看屏幕的時間最好不要超過一個小時

10-13 hours' sleep a day, which may include a nap

每天睡10到13個小時，包括午休

Should not be restrained for more than an hour at a time or sit for extended periods of time

坐在童車或座椅上的時間一次不能超過一個小時

The WHO advice is based on available evidence, but there is still a lack of definitive research into the harms and possible benefits of screen use.

世界衛生組織的建議是基於能獲得的證據，但對於屏幕使用的危害和潛在的益處還沒有確切的研究結果。

However, it was unlikely very young children gained from passive, sedentary viewing, said one of the guideline authors, Dr Juana Willumsen.

但是，指導方針的作者之一胡安娜·維盧姆森博士說，太小的孩子不太可能從被動、久坐的屏幕時間獲益。

"Children need to be given opportunities throughout the day to actively play and we should be reducing sedentary, passive screen time," she said.

她說：“應該讓孩子有機會在一天中活躍地玩耍，減少久坐、被動的屏幕時間。”

In the US, experts say children should not use screens before they are 18 months old.

在美國，專家稱孩子在滿18個月之前都不能看屏幕。

In Canada, screen time for children younger than two is not recommended.

在加拿大，兩歲以下幼童不建議看屏幕。

Dr Max Davie, from the RCPCH, said: "The restricted screen time limits suggested by the WHO do not seem proportionate to the potential harm.

英國皇家兒科醫學院的麥克斯·戴維醫生說：“世界衛生組織建議的屏幕時間限制和看屏幕的潛在危害似乎不成比例。”

"Our research has shown that currently there is not strong enough evidence to support the setting of screen time limits. "

“我們的研究顯示，目前沒有強有力的證據足以支持世衛組織提出的屏幕時間限制。”

Paula Morton, a teacher and mother of two young children, said her son learned a lot from watching programs about dinosaurs and came out with "random facts about them".

寶拉·莫爾頓是一名老師，也是兩個小孩的母親，她說她的兒子從觀看恐龍節目中學到了很多東西，瞭解到了關於恐龍的一些冷知識。

"He doesn't just sit there and zone out," she said. "He's obviously thinking and using his brain.

她說：“他並不是坐在那裏腦袋空空。他顯然是在動腦筋思考。

"I don't know how I would make the dinner, cook and clean if he didn't have something to watch."

“如果不讓他看點什麼，我不知道我要怎麼做飯和打掃。”

Is screen time controlled?

屏幕時間是否得到控制？

Does screen use interfere with what your family want to do?

屏幕使用是否干擾了家庭計劃？

Does screen use interfere with sleep?

屏幕使用是否干擾了睡眠？

Are you able to control snacking during screen time?

你能控制孩子在屏幕時間不吃零食嗎？

If a family are satisfied with their answers to these questions, then they are likely to be handling screen time well, the college says.

學院表示，如果對於這些問題一個家庭能給出滿意的答案，那他們就能妥善處理屏幕時間的問題。