“全球化之父”彼得•薩瑟蘭去世

Peter Sutherland, a globetrotting Irishman who pulled off one of the biggest multilateral trade agreements, wielding an auctioneer’s gavel to secure the “Uruguay Round” in 1994, has died. He was 71.

曾奔走於全球各地的愛爾蘭人彼得薩瑟蘭（Peter Sutherland，文首圖右）去世了，享年71歲。他曾促成世界最大的多邊貿易協定之一，在1994年一錘定音，搞定了“烏拉圭回合”(Uruguay Round)。

In his role as head of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Gatt), Sutherland persuaded 123 countries to agree new rules on agriculture and textiles, as well as services, intellectual property and a mechanism for resolving trade disputes. Mickey Kantor, then-US trade representative, dubbed the Irishman the father of globalisation long before the term acquired its current negative connotation.

在薩瑟蘭領導“關稅與貿易總協定”(GATT)理事會期間，他說服123個國家就農業、紡織業、勞務、知識產權等方面的新規以及貿易爭端解決機制達成了一致。當年美國貿易代表米基坎特(Mickey Kantor)曾將薩瑟蘭譽爲“全球化之父”，那時“全球化”這個詞還沒有染上今天的負面色彩。

Sutherland’s family said in a statement that he died in hospital in Dublin on Sunday. He had been ill for some time. Leo Varadkar, Ireland’s prime minister, paid tribute to Sutherland, saying he was “a statesman in every sense of the word; an Irishman, a committed European and a proud internationalist.” “Throughout his life, he was a champion for individual and economic freedoms,” Mr Varadkar said.

薩瑟蘭之前已經病了一段時間。薩瑟蘭的家人在聲明中表示，他於週日在都柏林的一家醫院辭世。愛爾蘭總理利奧瓦拉德卡(Leo Varadkar)爲薩瑟蘭致悼詞時說，薩瑟蘭是“一位不折不扣的政治家；他是一名愛爾蘭人，是歐洲堅定的一份子，是一位自豪的國際主義者”。瓦拉德卡說：“他畢生都在捍衛個人自由與經濟自由。”

A former Irish attorney-general and Ireland’s commissioner in Brussels, Sutherland stepped down in 1995 as head of the World Trade Organization, the successor to Gatt, and used his contacts to launch a second career in business.

薩瑟蘭曾任愛爾蘭總檢察長、愛爾蘭駐布魯塞爾代表。他在1995年卸任由關貿總協定發展而來的世界貿易組織(WTO)的總幹事一職，並利用自己的人脈在商界展開了自己職業生涯的第二春。

He chaired BP, the UK’s largest company, from 1997 to 2009 and headed Goldman Sachs International, the London-based global arm of the US investment bank, from 1995 to 2015. Sutherland professed to know little about business but saw his role more as a high level diplomatic fixer, using his knowledge of statecraft to help companies win deals and stay out of trouble.

他從1997年到2009年擔任英國最大公司BP的董事長，從1995年到2015年領導美國投行高盛(Goldman Sachs)位於倫敦的國際業務高盛國際集團(Goldman Sachs International)。薩瑟蘭自稱不太懂生意之道，更多是擔當高層次的外交斡旋者，運用自己的政治才智幫助企業贏得交易、避免捲入到麻煩之中。