關於道德的英語美文閱讀
道德教育的根本任務,是在於影響人格,形成德性。目前在我國學校中的道德教育主要是知識性德育,出現了許多知行不一的現象,其原因之一是長期以來我們忽視了情感在道德教育中的價值和道德情感的培養。下面是本站小編帶來的關於道德的英語美文閱讀，歡迎閱讀!
Moral Issues
美式道德
Do Americans have any morals? That's a good question. Many people insist that ideas aboutright and wrong are merely personal opinions. Some voices, though, are calling Americans backto traditional moral values. William J. Bennett, former U.S. Secretary of Education, edited TheBook of Virtues in 1993 to do just that. Bennett suggests that great moral stories can buildcharacter. The success of Bennett's book shows that many Americans still believe in moralvalues. But what are they?
美國人還有道德嗎?這是個好問題。許多人堅持對與錯乃是個人的意見。但是，還是有些人在呼喚美國人回到傳統的道德價值裏去。威廉.班奈特，前任美國教育部長，正是爲了此目的而在一九九三年編輯了「美德」這本書。班奈特認爲偉大的道德故事可以建造性格。班奈持這本書的成功顯示了許多美國人仍然相信道德的價值。但是它們到底爲何?
To begin with, moral values in America are like those in any culture. In fact, many aspects ofmorality are universal. But the stories and traditions that teach them are unique to eachculture. Not only that, but culture influences how people show these virtues.
最開始，道德價值在美國就像在任何其它的文化一樣。事實上，許多道德的觀點是全球一致的。但是，不同的文化則有不同的故事和傳統來教導它們。不僅如此，文化也影響了人民如何表現這些美德。
One of the most basic moral values for Americans is honesty. The well-known legend aboutGeorge Washington and the cherry tree teaches this value clearly. Little George cut down hisfather's favorite cherry tree while trying out his new hatchet. When his father asked him aboutit, George said, "I cannot tell a lie. I did it with my hatchet." Instead of punishment, Georgereceived praise for telling the truth. Sometimes American honesty-being open and direct-canoffend people. But Americans still believe that "honesty is the best policy."
美國人最基本的道德價值之一是誠實。衆所周知的喬治.華盛頓砍櫻桃樹的故事，即將此道德教導地極爲清楚。小喬治在試他新斧頭時砍倒了爸爸最心愛的櫻桃樹。當爸爸問他的時候，喬治說，「我不能說謊，我用我的斧頭砍了它。」喬治非但未被懲罰，反而因爲誠實而被讚賞。有時候美國人仍然相信「誠實是最上策」。
Another virtue Americans respect is perseverance. Remember Aesop's fable about the turtleand the rabbit that had a race? The rabbit thought he could win easily, so he took a nap. Butthe turtle finally won because he did not give up. Another story tells of a little train that had toclimb a steep hill. The hill was so steep that the little train had a hard time trying to get over the train just kept pulling, all the while saying, "I think I can, I think I can." At last, the trainwas over the top of the hill. "I thought I could, I thought I could," chugged the happy littletrain.
另外一個爲美國人所尊崇的美德爲堅忍。記得再龜兔賽跑這則伊索寓言嗎?兔子以爲牠可以贏的很輕鬆，便睡了個午覺，但是烏龜再最後終因不放棄而贏了這場比賽。另一個故事談到一個必須爬過陡峭山頭的小火車，山頭是這麼陡，以至於小火車很難爬上去，但是它仍不斷地爬，並不停地說：「我想我能做到，我能做到。」最後，火車終於爬過了山頭，「我就知道我可以。」這個快樂的小火車繼續往前去。
ompassion may be the queen of American virtues. The story of "The Good Samaritan" from theBible describes a man who showed compassion. On his way to a certain city, a Samaritan manfound a poor traveler lying on the road. The traveler had been beaten and robbed. The kindSamaritan, instead of just passing by, stopped to help this person in need. Compassion caneven turn into a positive cycle. In fall 1992, people in Iowa sent truckloads of water to helpFloridians hit by a hurricane. The next summer, during the Midwest flooding, Florida returnedthe favor. In less dramatic ways, millions of Americans are quietly passing along the kindnessesshown to them.
同情心，可能是美國的道德之最了。聖經中的「好撒瑪利亞人」的故事，描述一個流露同情心的人。在這個撒瑪利亞人出發去某城市的途中，看到一個可憐的旅客躺在路旁。這旅客被鞭打、搶劫，這位仁慈的撒瑪利亞人非但沒有視而不見，反而停下來幫助這位有需要的人。同情心還可以變成一個正面循環，在一九九二年的秋天，愛荷華州的居民將好幾輛卡車的水送到受颶風侵襲的佛羅里達州;而就在第二年夏天，當中西部鬧水災的時候，佛州人便投挑報李。數以百萬計的美國人民正用較不醒目的方式回報人們向他們表達的善意。
In no way can this brief description cover all the moral values honored by Americans. Courage,responsibility, loyalty, gratitude and many others could be discussed. In fact, Bennett'sbestseller-over 800 pages-highlights just 10 virtues. Even Bennett admits that he has onlyscratched the surface. But no matter how long or short the list, moral values are are the foundation of American culture-and any culture.
在這麼一篇短短的文章裏，無論如何也不能將美國人所尊崇的道德述盡。勇氣、責任心、忠誠、感激之心還有許多其它可以討論的。事實上，班奈特最暢銷的書──超過八百頁──只談到了十種美德。即使班奈特也承認他只談到了皮毛而已。但是不論這張道德表是多長或短，道德價值都是無價的。他們是美國文化──和任何其它國家的文化之基礎。
關於道德的英語美文閱讀篇二道德困境
Consider this situation,You are driving along on a wild,stormy night.
考慮一下這個情景，你在一個狂風大作、暴雨傾盆之夜駕車行駛。
You pass by a bus stop,where you see three people waiting:
路過一個汽車站。你看見三個人在那兒等車：
elderly woman who is about to die.
一個奄奄一息的老婦人
old friend who once saved your life.
一個曾救你一命的老朋友
perfect mate you've been dreaming about.
你一直夢想的完美伴侶。
Which one would you choose, knowing there could only be one passenger in your car?
你已經知道自己車中只能載一名乘客，你會選擇誰呢?
Should you save the elderly woman or take the old friend because he once saved your life?
是應該拯救老婦人，還是因他救過你的命而載上你的老朋友呢?
Either way, you may never find your perfect dream lover again!
無論怎樣，也許你再也找不到完美的夢中情人了。
This quiz was given to 200 applicants for a single job.
用這道題測試應徵同一個工作的200名求職者。
The one who was hired responded:
最終獲得這份工作的人是這樣回答的：
I would give the car keys to my friend and let him take the elderly woman to the hospital.
我會把車鑰匙交給我的朋友。
Then I would stay behind and wait for the bus with the woman of my dreams. Lying.
讓他送老婦人去醫院。然後我留下來與我夢寐以求的女子一起等車。撒謊。
Have you ever found yourself in a situation when you have to lie to people who trust you?
有沒有過這樣的時候，你發現自己不得不向信任你的人撒謊?
Do you mean lying to people for their good?
你是說爲了他們好纔對他拉撒謊?
Yes, Is it wrong to lie to them even if it is for their good?
對。即使是爲了別人好才撒謊也是不對的嗎?
It's hard to say. I mean. how can you judge what's good for them?
這可難說，我是說。你怎麼能判定什麼是對他們好的呢?
Maybe it is best to tell them the truth no matter what it is.
無論事實如何，實言相告也許纔是最好的辦法。
But sometimes it is so hard to tell the truth.
但是有時候真話實在是太難說出口了。
I know you're sure the truth will do harm.
我知道。如果你確信實話會造成傷害的話，
maybe you can choose not to tell it. Lying.
也許你可以選擇保持沉默。撒謊。
Have you ever found yourself in a situation when you have to lie to people who trust you?
有沒有過這樣的時候，你發現自己不得不向信任你的人撒謊?
Do you mean lying to people for their good?
你是說爲了他們好纔對他拉撒謊?
Yes, Is it wrong to lie to them even if it is for their good?
對。即使是爲了別人好才撒謊也是不對的嗎?
It's hard to say. I mean. how can you judge what's good for them?
這可難說，我是說。你怎麼能判定什麼是對他們好的呢?
Maybe it is best to tell them the truth no matter what it is.
無論事實如何，實言相告也許纔是最好的辦法。
But sometimes it is so hard to tell the truth.
但是有時候真話實在是太難說出口了。
I know you're sure the truth will do harm.
我知道。如果你確信實話會造成傷害的話，
maybe you can choose not to tell it.
也許你可以選擇保持沉默。
關於道德的英語美文閱讀篇三The psychology of morality.
道德心理學。
Time to be honest.
誠實是需要時間的。
A simple experiment suggests a way to encourage truthfulness.
一個簡單的實驗卻爲我們提供了一種鼓勵誠實的途徑。
"IS SIN original?" That is the question addressed by Shaul Shalvi, a psychologist at the University of Amsterdam, in a paper just published in Psychological Science. Dr Shalvi and his colleagues, Ori Eldar and Yoella Bereby-Meyer of Ben-Gurion University in Israel, wanted to know if the impulse to cheat is something that grows or diminishes when the potential cheater has time for reflection on his actions. Is cheating, in other words, instinctive or calculating?
"人性本‘惡'?"這是由阿姆斯特丹大學的一位心理學家—— Shaul Shalvi，在《心理科學》雜誌上發表的一篇論文中所提出的問題. Shalvi博士和他的兩位同事——以色列Ben-Gurion大學的Ori Eldar 和 Yoella Bereby-Meyer，希望知道如果那些潛在的騙子有時間對他們的行爲作出充分考慮，他們撒謊的衝動會否因此增強或減弱呢?換句話說，撒謊究竟是人的一種本能行爲，還是經過仔細分析後所作出的選擇呢?
Appropriately, the researchers' apparatus for their experiment was that icon of sinful activity, the gambling die. They wanted to find out whether people were more likely to lie about the result of a die roll when asked that result immediately, or when given time to think.
研?a href="">咳嗽蔽塹氖笛檠≡窳艘謊鮮實墓ぞ?mdash;骰子—罪惡活動的標誌。他們想查明的是：人們是在搖骰後立即被詢問其結果時容易撒謊呢，還是在他們獲得一定的思考餘地的時候呢?
To carry out their experiment, Dr Shalvi, Dr Eldar and Dr Bereby-Meyer gave each of 76 volunteers a six-sided die and a cup. Participants were told that a number of them, chosen at random, would earn ten shekels (about $2.50) for each pip of the numeral they rolled on the die. They were then instructed to shake their cups, check the outcome of the rolled die and remember this roll. Next, they were asked to roll the die two more times, to satisfy themselves that it was not loaded, and, that done, to enter the result of the first roll on a computer terminal. Half of the participants were told to complete this procedure within 20 seconds while the others were given no time limit.
實驗前，Shalvi博士，Eldar博士和Bereby-Meyer博士給作爲實驗對象的76位志願者每人發了一個搖盅和一粒骰子。參加者被告知他們中的一部分被隨機抽選出來的，會依據其擲出的骰子點數而得到相應數目的獎勵，每點10謝克爾(約合2.5美元)。接着他們便按照指示搖盅，開盅查看結果，記住點數。然後他們被要求多搖兩次，以讓自己確信骰子中沒有被灌鉛。最後，讓他們自己在電腦終端裏輸入第一次所擲出的點數。有一半參加者被要求在20秒內完成整個實驗流程，而另一半則沒有時間限制。
The researchers had no way of knowing what numbers participants actually rolled, of course. But they knew, statistically, that the average roll, if people reported honestly, should have been 3.5. This gave them a baseline from which to calculate participants' honesty. Those forced to enter their results within 20 seconds, the researchers found, reported a mean roll of 4.6. Those who were not under any time pressure reported a mean roll of 3.9. Both groups lied, then. But those who had had more time for reflection lied less.
研究人員當然無法知曉每個參加者實際擲出點數。但他們知道，依照統計學規律，如果所有人都能做到如實上報點數，那麼這次實驗的平均擲出點數應爲3.5。這就爲研究人員提供了一個測量參加者誠實程度的依據。他們發現，那組被要求於20秒內輸入結果的的參加者所上報的擲出點數平均值爲4.6，而另外沒有時間壓力的參加者的爲3.9.顯然這兩組人都撒謊了，不過在那些有充分時間進行考慮的參加者中撒謊的較少。
A second experiment confirmed this result. A different bunch of volunteers were asked to roll the die just once. Again, half were put under time pressure and, since there were no additional rolls to make, the restriction was changed from 20 seconds to eight. The others were allowed to consider the matter for as long as they wished.
第二次實驗則驗證了這一結果。這次是另一羣不同的志願者被要求擲骰子，不過只擲一次。同上次一樣，他們中一半人被限制了時間，並且由於此次只需擲一次骰子，時間限制也從20s縮短爲8s.其餘一般則想考慮多久都行。
In this case the first half reported an average roll of 4.4. Those given no time limit reported an average of 3.4. The second lot, in other words, actually told the truth.
在這次實驗中，前面有時間限制的一半人所上報點數的平均值爲4.4，而沒有時間限制的所上報的平均值爲3.4。換言之，後者如實上報了數據。
The conclusion, therefore, at least in the matter of cheating at dice, is that sin is indeed original. Without time for reflection, people will default to the mode labelled "cheat". Given such time, however, they will often do the right thing. If you want someone to be honest, then, do not press him too hard for an immediate decision.
因此，得出的結論是——至少在此次搖骰作弊的案例中如此—"人性本‘惡'"。在缺少時間進行考慮的情況下，人們會進入默認的"撒謊"模式。然而，如果他們獲得了那樣的考慮時間，一般會作出道德上正確的選擇。所以，如果你希望某人對你誠實，那麼千萬別逼迫他立即做出出決定啊
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