一個單詞58個字母？你見過嗎？

這些超級長的單詞真是一個比一個刷新我的認知……

1 sesquipedalianism

冗長的單詞

Let’s start off with a word related to the business of “longest words.” Sesquipedalianism is the tendency to use long words. Do you have sesquipedalian tendencies?

讓我們從一個與“最長單詞”相關的單詞開始。Sesquipedalianism這個單詞就是傾向於使用長單詞。你有使用冗長單詞的傾向嗎？

The word is traced to the ancient Roman poet Horace, who in a treatise on the art of poetry, wrote that in certain circumstances, poets must avoid sesquipedalia verba, a Latin phrase meaning “words [verba] a foot and a half long [sesquipedalia].” Horace clearly had a sense of humor.

這個詞可以追溯到古羅馬詩人賀拉斯，他在一篇關於詩歌藝術的論文中寫道，在某些情況下，詩人必須避免使用sesquipedalia verba，這是一個拉丁語短語，意思是“單詞(verba)一英尺半長(sesquipedalia)”。“賀拉斯顯然有幽默感。

2  pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis

矽肺病

There are a number of very long words in the medical and science fields, and one that has our jaw on the floor is pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis (that’s 45 characters). This word—apparently invented in 1935 to be deliberately long in mockery of long medical words—is the name of an occupational lung disease resulting from inhaling crystalline silica dust (pneumoconiosis).

在醫學和科學領域有很多很長的單詞，其中有一個讓我們驚訝的單詞是pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis(有45個字符)。這個詞顯然是在1935年發明的，是對冗長的醫學詞彙的嘲弄，是一種因吸入結晶硅粉塵而導致的職業性肺病的名稱。（塵肺病）

3  pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism

假性甲狀旁腺功能減退

We include pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism, another medical science term, because this one is considered the longest non-fabricated word to appear in major dictionaries. Pseudo- is a combining form meaning "false, pretended, unreal." 

我們把另一個醫學術語“假性甲狀旁腺功能減退”包括在內，因爲它被認爲是主流詞典中出現的最長的非虛構詞。Pseudo-是一個合成詞，意爲“假的、假裝的、不真實的”。

You might notice the appearance of pseudo- twice. That’s because this disorder simulates the symptoms of pseudohypoparathyroidism, in which the body doesn't respond to the parathyroidhormone. So, there are two levels of "faking it" going on here.

你可能會注意到pseudo-出現了兩次。這是因爲這種疾病模擬了假性甲狀旁腺功能減退的症狀，即身體對甲狀旁腺激素沒有反應。所以，有兩個"假裝"含義的原因在這裏。

4  incomprehensibilities

不可理解

At 21 characters, one of the longest words you might actually use yourself is incomprehensibilities.

在有21個字母的單詞中，最長的單詞之一就是“incomprehensibilities”。

We define incomprehensible as “impossible to comprehend or understand,” so incomprehensibilitiesare "things you can't comprehend." Comprende?

我們把不可理解的定義爲“無法理解”，所以不可理解的事是“你無法理解的事情”。你明白嗎？

5  uncopyrightables

無法獲得版權的項目

If you look closely at the spelling, you’ll notice a peculiar thing about this word with 16 letters. It does not repeat any letter; each character is used only once. 

如果你仔細觀察這個詞的拼寫，你會發現它的16個字母有一個奇特的地方。它沒有重複任何字母；每個字母只使用一次。

One of the longest isograms is subdermatoglyphic, at 17 characters. But, since subdermatoglyphic (dermatoglyphics studies the patterns of skin markings on the hands and feet) is a bit scientific and certainly not one that is used often, we’re spotlighting uncopyrightables instead, because it's one we can all remember. It means, of course, "items that are unable to be copyrighted."

最長的字母不重複單詞之一是subdermatoglyphic，有17個字母。但是，由於膚紋(皮膚紋理學研究手和腳上的皮膚標記模式)具有科學性，而且肯定不是經常使用的，所以我們轉而關注uncopyrightables，因爲它是我們都能記住的。當然，它的意思是“無法獲得版權的項目”。

6  uncharacteristically

反常地

There are a few words in the 20-plus-letter range that are not scientific or coined to be long, but they exist: counterrevolutionaries and deinstitutionalization, to name two. One actually common one is uncharacteristically, which means "in the manner of something that is not typical of a particular person or thing" .

在字母個數爲20個以上的單詞中，有幾個詞既不科學，也不長，但它們確實存在：比如反革命分子和去機構化。一個實際上很常見的詞是uncharacteristically，意思是“以不尋常的方式做某事”。

7  Chargoggagoggmanchauggagoggchaubunagungamaugg

查爾戈格加戈格曼喬加戈格喬布納根加莫格

Take a dip into Lake Chargoggagoggmanchauggagoggchaubunagungamaugg. Seriously. That’s 58 characters, and is thought to be the longest placename in the US.  Located in Webster, Massachusetts, it also answers to ... Webster Lake.

在查爾戈格加戈格曼喬加戈格喬布納根加莫格湖中游一遊。嚴肅地說，這個單詞有58個字母，被認爲是美國最長的地名。它位於馬薩諸塞州的韋伯斯特，也被叫作韋伯斯特湖。