旅遊過剩害處多，著名景點已開始限流
Travel these days involves exploring new destinations, eating new foods, making memories, and dodging tourists as they try to snap that perfect Instagram photo.
如今的旅遊，除了包括探索新的目的地、試吃新的食物、創造新的回憶，還包括一邊躲避其他的遊客一邊試圖拍出一張完美的Ins照。
Instagram is great, but when Instagrammability becomes the No. 1 motivation for booking a holiday, and hotels start offering Instagram butlers, it can lead to over-tourism (a runner-up for word of the year!), dangerously crowded conditions, people making terrible choices to get a good shot, and a glut of articles about how Instagram is ruining travel.
Instagram是挺好的，但是現在“可以發Ins”已經成了度假的第一動力，而且酒店竟然還提供Ins管家，這就可能會導致旅遊過剩的問題了（這都成了年度第二熱詞了！），還可能導致人羣過擠而發生危險、人們爲了拍一張好照片而做傻事、以及一堆教你怎麼拍出Ins照的文章；這些都在破壞我們的旅遊。
As the Instagram Effect continues into 2019, destinations are coming up with ways to fight back–and fight off the teeming hoards of selfie-stick-wielding visitors.
隨着Ins效應在2019年繼續不衰，各個旅遊目的地也開始想辦法反擊了——他們要想辦法擋住那些成羣結隊揮舞自拍杆的遊客。
Here are five destinations fighting the Instagram Effect:
這5個景點正在對抗Ins效應呢：
ISLE OF SKYE, SCOTLAND
天空之島，蘇格蘭
Traveling Instagram influencers love snapping photos of the Isle of Skye’s fairy pools, the sunset over Elgol, and the rocky Old Man of Storr.
Ins上的旅遊網紅們特別喜歡去拍天空之島上的仙子湖、埃爾戈爾的落日以及老人巖。
The tiny island’s infrastructure can’t handle the traffic, leading to crowds, traffic jams, and misbehaving tourists.
然而這座小島的基礎設施承載不了這麼多車流，這就導致了人潮擁擠、交通堵塞以及遊客素質低下等問題。
In 2017, local police on the Inner Hebridean island were warning people not to come if they didn’t have accommodation booked.
在2017年，內希布里丁島的警察就警告人們說：如果沒有訂到住宿，就不要來。
DUBROVNIK, CROATIA
杜布羅夫尼克，克羅地亞
Thanks to Game of Thrones, the city’s Old Town has been swamped with tourists snapping selfies in King’s Landing.
由於《權力的遊戲》，這座城市的舊城已經擠滿了遊客，全都在和“君臨城”自拍。
To combat the crowds, the city has limited the number of cruise ships that can dock and the number of visitors that can visit.
爲了對抗人潮，這座城市現在已經限制了停靠郵輪和造訪遊客的數量。
In 2017, Dubrovnik limited the number of daily visitors to 8,000, monitored by security cameras, and new regulations expected to roll out in 2019 could halve that amount.
在2017年，杜布羅夫尼克把每日的遊客數限制在了8000人，而且還有攝像頭監控；而2019年即將出臺的新規可能會把這個限額減半。
SKELLIG MICHAEL, IRELAND
斯凱利哥·邁克爾島，愛爾蘭
Luke Skywalker’s retreat in Star Wars: The Force Awakens has become an increasingly popular tourist destination–almost 17,000 visitors came in 2017.
《星球大戰》中天行者盧克的居所：這個《原力覺醒》的拍攝地點已經變成越來越流行的旅遊目的地了，2017年幾乎有17000人來這兒。
Now, the UNESCO World Heritage Site allows no more than 180 tourists per day, and has been known to close to tourists to let nature have its way.
現在，聯合國教科文組織的世界遺產網站只允許每天180名遊客來這，其原因是爲了讓大自然不受遊客的干擾。
MALLORCA, SPAIN
馬略卡島，西班牙
Over-tourism on the Balearic island led to a “summer of action” where campaigners vandalized hotels, demonstrated at the airport, and tagged graffiti proclaiming that “tourism kills the city.”
旅遊過剩曾在這個巴利亞羣島的一員上引發過所謂的“夏日行動”，參與行動的人對酒店進行了打砸搶，還在機場示威，並且舉着“旅遊正在殺死這座城市”的標語。
The government responded by doubling the tourist tax to €4 ($4.64) per person per day, the Telegraph reports.
據《電訊報》報道，政府的應對方法是把遊客稅翻倍了，每人每天需要交4歐元，差不多4.64美元。
It also cracked down on Airbnb and other short-term vacation rentals, “banning everything except those in detached homes that are neither on public land nor in a region near an airport,” per CN Traveler.
根據《CN旅遊》報道，他們還打擊了諸如Airbnb一類的短租服務，“幾乎禁止一切租賃，除了那些不在機場附近、也不在公地之內的偏遠住房。”
MACHU PICCHU
馬丘比丘
In 2015, the Peruvian government announced its five-year, $43.7 million plan to protect the ruins, CN Traveler reports.
根據《CN旅遊》報道，祕魯政府在2015年宣佈了一個5年4370萬美元計劃來保護這個遺蹟。
In 2017, they started limiting tourists to two timed entries each day, requiring they be aided by an approved guide, and restricting them to specific trails through the ruins.
在2017年，他們開始限制遊客的入場時間，每天只有兩個區間；同時他們還要求遊客必須由經過認證的導遊陪同，而且遊客在遺蹟中的行程被限制在了特定的路線上。
Only 5,000 tickets are available each day, more than twice the number suggested by UNESCO, but the tourist dollars are too good for the country to ignore.
每天只供應5000張門票，這已經高於聯合國教科文組織建議數量的兩倍了，不過這個國家忽視不了從遊客身上賺錢的機會。
This year, they have further limited tourism, with a four-hour time limit and no re-entry allowed.
今年，他們的旅遊管制進一步走嚴了，時間限制是4小時，而且不得重複入園。
翻譯：能貓
