女性健康必修課：20多歲女性必須做的9種檢查

Busy women tend to put visits to the doctor at the end of their priorities. But when in the midst of a hectic life, making time for health check-ins is vital. Hopefully you're up to date with all of your necessary vaccinations and can just focus on making sure you're on track with these appointments.
工作繁忙的女性總不經意地忽視健康檢查，但在庸庸碌碌的一生中，這正是必不可少的。我們希望你已接種過所有需要接種的疫苗，並能確保自己走在保持定期檢查身體的軌道上。

Every Five Years
每五年，你需要做：

1. Physical exam: While certain studies are calling physical exams useless, the National Institute of Health still suggests getting two physical exams in your 20s and 30s. Every doctor is different when it comes to a physical, but chances are your provider will go over your history, vital signs, and blood work and perform a variety of medical screenings.
體格檢查：儘管某些研究宣稱體格檢查無用，但美國國立衛生研究院建議20多歲和30多歲應分別做一次體格檢查。每位醫生做的檢查項目也許略有區別，但至少你的醫生會看一遍你的醫療記錄、檢查生命體徵、血象，並做一系列攝片檢查。

2. Cholesterol: Once you're 20 years old, checking your cholesterol every five years is essential. The process is fairly straightforward; after you fast for 12 hours, you go for a blood test that measures total cholesterol, LDL "bad" cholesterol, HDL "good" cholesterol, and triglycerides. Your LDL cholesterol levels should be 100 mg/dL or less, and your HDL (good) cholesterol levels should be 60 mg/dL or above.
膽固醇檢查：當你已跨過20歲的大坎以後，每五年檢查一次膽固醇成了必要。過程並不複雜：禁食12小時後，將做血液測試，以檢查體內的全膽固醇、低密度脂蛋白（“壞膽固醇”）、高密度脂蛋白（“好膽固醇”）、和甘油三酯含量。低密度脂蛋白含量應低於100mg/dL，而高密度脂蛋白應高於60mg/dL纔算正常範圍。

Every Three to Five Years
每3-5年，你需要做：

3. Pap smear: While yearly pap smears were the norm, according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, most women from age 21 to 65 can wait three to five years between pap tests as long as the results are normal.
宮頸塗片檢查：雖然常規是一年一做，不過美國婦產科學會的專家們認爲，如果每次的檢查結果均正常，年齡介於21-65歲的女性每3-5年做一次複查即可。

Every Three Years
每3年，你需要做：

4. Breast exam: The breast exam performed by a physician is an important preventative measure to take to lower your breast cancer risk. According to the American Cancer Society, women in their 20s and 30s should have a clinical breast exam (CBE) every three years. While the majority of women don't have to start going for annual mammograms until their 40s, the ACA also recommends early mammogram screening for women with a first-degree relative who has had breast cancer.
乳腺檢查：醫生對乳腺進行檢查，可以極大程度上避免乳腺癌的發生。據美國癌症協會報道，每三年，年齡介於20多歲和30多歲的女性都應該檢查一次乳腺。儘管絕大多數女性都是直到40多歲纔開始每年進行乳房X光攝影檢測，美國癌症協會仍然建議：那些直系親屬中有乳腺癌病史的女性應該儘早做該檢查。Every Two Years
每兩年，你需要做：

5. Eye exam: The American Optometric Association recommends a comprehensive eye exam every two years. You'll take a series of vision tests to assess if you need glasses and also to check that your eyes are in good shape.
視力檢查：美國眼科協會推薦每兩年做一次全面眼科檢查。你將接受一系列視力測試，以衡量是否需要佩戴眼鏡，並及時發現眼睛是否狀態良好。

Every Year
每一年，你需要做：

6. Blood pressure: Having your blood pressure checked every year is a necessity. Luckily, you don't have to head to the doctor every time you're due. Look out for screenings in your area or use the automated machines at your local pharmacy. High blood pressure - also known as hypertension - is 140/90 or above. The normal adult blood pressure should be below 120/80.
血壓測量：每年必須測量血壓。幸運的是，你並不需要每次都去醫生那兒測血壓。在家附近找個血壓測量點、或是在藥店裏買個自動測血壓計都行。高血壓指血壓值是140/90及以上，正常成年人的血壓應該在120/80以下。

7. Dental exam: You may dislike heading to the dentist, but staying on top of this appointment is essential for your long-term health. Make sure you head for a thorough cleaning and dental exam every six months to a year.
牙齒檢查：也許你討厭去牙科診所，但爲了長遠健康考慮，這個檢查是很有必要的。每6個月或一年應該進行一次徹底全面的牙齒清潔及功能檢查。

Every Month
每個月，你應該做：

8. Self breast exams: While certain medical groups claim that self breast exams are no longer needed, many women have chosen to continue this practice. If you're not sure how to do a breast self exam already, learn the instructions, and be familiar with how your breasts feel and look. The test itself won't lower your risk, but having this performed regularly is putting you in the best position to see issues in the earliest stages.
自我乳房檢查：某些醫療團隊宣稱自我乳房檢查沒什麼用，但仍然有很多女性堅持這麼做。如果你不確定如何正確地自行檢查乳房，學習一下，並記住自己乳房的觸感和外觀。自我檢查並不會降低乳腺癌的發病率，但常規的檢查能最大限度地幫助你儘早發現異常並予以治療。

9. Self Skin exam: If you have a propensity for sun spots or moles, you may have to go to your dermatologist more regularly, but The Skin Cancer Foundation recommends a simple head-to-toe self skin exam every month. The instructions are simple and easy to follow, and just like a self breast exam, it helps you get familiar with your skin so you notice changes earlier.
自我皮膚檢查：如果你鍾愛太陽曬斑或痣，請經常去你的皮膚科醫生那裏檢查。皮膚癌協會推薦每月進行一次簡易全身皮膚檢查，內容簡單易學。就跟乳房自查一樣，這個檢查能讓你對全身皮膚情況瞭如指掌，這樣一旦有變化發生，你便可以立即察覺到。