發短信時愛撒謊 視頻聊天最誠實？

People are more likely to lie when they're texting than any other form of communication, a new study shows.
一項新研究顯示，與其它通訊方式相比，人們在發短信時更可能撒謊。

A paper that will be published in the Journal of Business Ethics next year made the assessment after an experiment involving students role-playing with text messaging.
在研究中，進行了一項學生角色扮演發短信實驗，並對情況進行了評定，論文將在明年的《商業倫理期刊》上發表。

In the study, 140 students were grouped in pairs and asked to play a role. One student had to be a stockbroker while the other one was a buyer, the Los Angeles Times reports.
參與這項研究的140名學生被分成兩人一組，每人扮演一個角色。《洛杉磯時報》描述說，一名學生是買家，而另一名學生則是股票經紀人。

The stockbroker was told that the stock would lose 50 per cent of its in a week. The stockbroker was also given a financial incentive to unload as much of the falling stock as possible to the buyer.
股票經紀人獲悉，股價將在一週內下跌50%。爲鼓勵股票經紀人儘可能多地拋售即將跳水的股票給買家，研究人員也會爲他們提供一定報酬的獎勵。

Researchers found that the sellers were more likely to be dishonest if they pulled off the deal by text message. The dishonesty generally revolved around lying about the quality of the stock or simply not mentioning how good or bad it was.
研究人員發現，如果通過發短信的形式來促成交易，賣家欺詐的可能性更大。賣家通常在股票的質量上撒謊，或乾脆對其優劣避而不談。

Surprisingly, the stockbrokers were most honest about the stock if the conversation occurred through video.
令人吃驚的是，如果交易通過視頻交談進行，股票經紀人對股票的描述最可靠。

In the honesty stakes video beat face to face conversations and audio chat. Researchers said the dishonest behaviour was largely caused by the 'lean media' nature of texting.
在誠信度方面，視頻勝過面對面聊天和語音聊天。研究人員說，發短信的‘簡易媒體’特點是導致欺詐行爲的主要原因。

Texting, they say, hides the emotional and physical clues that might reveal dishonesty. There is no lack of eye contact or nervous hand movements.
研究人員認爲，情感和肢體語言在不經意間可能會泄露你的不誠實，但在發短信時，這些線索就會被隱藏起來。頻繁的目光接觸，或者緊張不安的手部活動都會爲不誠實提供線索。

But the big surprise for researchers came from the buyers' side. When buyers were asked how angry they were that the stockbrokers had been dishonest, the research team found buyers were more enraged if they had been lied to via text than if they had been lied to face-to-face.
而令研究人員感到吃驚的卻是買方。當被問及受到股票經紀人欺騙會有多麼生氣時，研究人員發現，如果經紀人在發短信時撒謊，買家會怒不可遏，但如果在面對面的交談中撒謊，買家的憤怒還不至於到怒不可遏的程度。

Ronald Cenfetelli, a professor at the Sauder School of Business at the University of British Columbia, co-authored the paper. He told the LA Times: 'What we speculated was going on is there is some instant rapport-building, and some quick trust that happens when you talk to someone face to face, and it acts as a buffer and an inoculation, almost like a vaccine, against negative reactions.
英屬哥倫比亞大學尚德商學院教授羅納德.賽菲泰裏（Ronald Cenfetelli）爲該論文的作者之一。他在接受《洛杉磯時報》採訪時說：“據我們的推測，當你與某人面對面交談時，某種瞬時性和諧關係和某種信任迅速建立起來，差不多就如同一劑疫苗，減輕和抑制負面反應。”

People are still angry or upset if they are lied to face to face, but when they are lied to in the leaner communications, they are more angry.
如果面對面交談時被欺騙，人們還是會生氣或沮喪，但是，以更簡易的通訊方式溝通時被欺騙，他們會更氣憤。