常聽音樂的青少年會變抑鬱?

Being plugged into an iPod is a hallmark of adolescence, but a new study suggests that teens who spend too much time listening to music may be at higher risk of depression.
塞上iPod成爲青少年的一個特徵，但是一個新的研究表明，花太多時間聽音樂的青少年更有能患上抑鬱症。

The study, led by Dr. Brian Primack, an assistant professor of medicine and pediatrics at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, found that teens who reported listening to music more often — rather than using other types of media like TV and books — were at higher risk of having major depressive disorder (MDD), compared with teens who listened to music less frequently. With each level increase in music use, teens had an 80% higher risk of depression, the study found.
匹茲堡大學藥學院醫學和兒科學副教授Brian Primack博士所領導的研究發現，與那些較少聽音樂的青少年相比，太常聽音樂的青少年——比使用其他媒體形式如電視，書本的時間還多——患上抑鬱症(MDD)的風險更大。每次使用音樂的時間增加，青少年就有80%的高風險會患上抑鬱症，研究發現。

The study didn't measure total listening times, but based on previous data, the study authors estimated that teens in the highest-use group were likely listening to music for at least four or five hours a day.
該項研究並沒有測算出總的聽歌時間，但根據先前數據，研究人員估計最高使用音樂的青少年每天聽至少4-5小時。

"At this point, it is not clear whether depressed people begin to listen to more music to escape, or whether listening to large amounts of music can lead to depression, or both," said Primack in a statement.
“這時，不知道是壓抑的人爲了逃避而聽更多音樂，還是聽太多音樂導致壓抑，抑或是兩者。”Primack在一個發言中說。

By contrast, researchers found that reading books had the opposite association: with each level increase in time spent reading, teens' risk of depression dropped 50%. "This is worth emphasizing because overall in the U.S., reading books is decreasing, while nearly all other forms of media use are increasing," Primack said.
相比之下，研究人員發現看書有相反的作用：每次讀書時間越長青少年患上抑鬱症的風險就下降50%。“這值得強調的，因爲在美國總體上，讀書的人在減少，而幾乎其他所有媒體形式的使用卻在增加。”Primack說。

For the study, the researchers surveyed 106 participants aged seven to 17 for two months; 46 participants had been previously diagnosed with depression. Throughout the course of the study, researchers made frequent weekend phone calls to the teens in order to determine, in real time, what forms of media they were using, including television, music, video games, Internet, magazines and books.
該項研究中，研究人員調查了106個7-17歲的青少年兩個月；其中46個已經診斷患有抑鬱症。整個研究過程中，研究人員經常在週末打電話給這些青少年，及時確定他們使用的是哪種媒體形式，包括電視，音樂，電子遊戲，互聯網，雜誌和書本。

On average, teens were most likely to be watching a movie or TV when researchers called (26% of the time). Teens reported listening to music 9% of the time, followed by Internet use and video gaming (6% each) and, finally, reading printed media (0.2%). (Sadly, the researchers wrote: "Because there were so few individuals who used magazines and/or newspapers, we combined these data with books into a single print media category.")
一般，當研究人員打電話時，青少年最大可能是在看電影或電視（26%）。在聽音樂的青少年佔9%，接下來是使用互聯網和玩電子遊戲（各佔6%），最後是讀報刊出版物（0.2%）。（很可悲，研究人員寫道：“因爲太少人看雜誌和/或報紙，所以我們把這些數據合併起來組成一類報刊出版物。”）

(恆星英語學習網原創編譯,轉載請註明出處!)Of all the media reported, only music showed significant associations with increased depression risk, after researchers controlled for factors like age, sex and ethnicity. But that doesn't necessarily mean that music causes depression — for some depressed teens, music may even help. The authors explain:
研究人員檢查瞭如年齡、性別和種族這些因素後發現，所有報道的媒體形式中只有音樂跟患抑鬱症風險增加有重要聯繫。但是那並不一定就意味着音樂引起抑鬱症——對一些沮喪的青少年，音樂甚至可以幫助他們。作者解釋：

Sadness is a common theme in popular music, and it may be that individuals with depression turn to these messages to make themselves feel less alone in their sadness. Conversely, it may also be that individuals with MDD turn to happy music to "tune out" their negative moods or to elevate their moods. Other researchers have suggested that heavy exposure to the sometimes dark themes of popular music may contribute to the development of conditions such as MDD.
“悲傷是流行音樂的共同主題，可能壓抑的青少年把注意力轉向這些信息使自己在悲傷中不覺得那麼孤獨。相反，患有抑鬱症的青少年轉向愉快的音樂可以“撇開”消極情緒或消除他們的情緒。其他研究人員也表示，經常接觸流行音樂一些黑暗主題會導致像抑鬱症之類情況的發生。”

Past research has also found links between depression and other forms of media like TV and video games. A seven-year study published in 2009, also led by Primack, showed that teens who watched more TV were more likely to become depressed in adulthood, compared with teens who watched less. So the researchers were surprised to find no such association in the current study, but suggest that further research is necessary to clarify potential links.
過去研究也發現抑鬱症和其他媒體形式如電視和電子遊戲之間的聯繫。2009年發表由Primack指導的長達7年的研究表明，相對於較少看電視的青少年，那些看太多電視的人長大後更有可能變得壓抑。所以，研究人員很奇怪如今的研究中沒有發現他們之間的聯繫，但表明需要更進一步的研究來說明潛在的聯繫。

Previous longitudinal research has also found that reading may have a mentally protective effect: teens who read more are less likely to become depressed as adults. The current study suggests that being depressed may also preclude time spent reading. "We sort of thought to ourselves that when you have depression, your brain is not working properly. So it's much harder to sit down to a book and have to use a lot of the frontal lobe of your brain to create the story and the characters in your head, whereas, it should be quite easy to flop down in front of a television and turn on whatever's there," Primack told WebMD.
先前的縱向研究也發現讀書有精神上的保護作用：多讀書的青少年長大後較少會變得壓抑。如今的研究表明，沮喪也會妨礙讀書的時間。“我們自己多少猜到，當你患上抑鬱症時，大腦不能正確地運作。所以要坐下來看書，運用大量的大腦額葉在頭腦中創造出故事和人物更難，然而，撲坐在電視機前面，轉向電視上的內容就會非常容易。”Primack告訴MD網。

Although the connections between depression and various forms of media are significant, more research is needed to understand them better, especially considering the conflicting information.
即使壓抑和各種媒體形式之間的關係是非常重要的，但是需要更多的研究來更好地瞭解它們，尤其是考慮到這些有衝突的信息。

But for now, Primack said the findings may be a way for parents to spot a potentially troubled teen. "It may be valuable for people to help pick up cues for common behaviors like listening to music," he said.
但是目前，Primack說這些結果可能是父母發現一個可能有問題的青少年的一種方法。“這對幫助收集如聽音樂這些常見行爲的線索的人非常有用。”他說。

(恆星英語學習網原創編譯,轉載請註明出處!)