關於學習的5大誤區

Myth No. 1: We Have Set Learning Styles
誤區1：擁有固定的學習風格

You’ve probably heard about visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning. In a survey of more than 3,000 Americans, nearly 90% of respondents believe it’s better to receive information in your personal learning style.
你很可能聽說過視覺學習、聽覺學習和體驗式學習。在一項3000名美國人蔘與的調查中，90%的人相信用自己特有的學習風格接受信息更有效。

But once you start thinking about the idea, it falls apart, says Ulrich Boser, author of Learn Better: Mastering the Skills for Success in Life, Business, and School, or How to Become an Expert In Just About Anything.
《學得更好》一書的作者烏爾裏希•柏沙表示，你如果仔細考量，其實這個想法站不住腳。

“It’s hard to learn soccer only by hearing it,” he says. “Like many myths, there is a bit of truth that lies behind it, but there’s no research to support learning styles. One major recent review stated simply that the authors found virtually no evidence for the approach.”
“通過聽來學習足球非常難，”他說，“就像其他誤區一樣，這裏存在一些事實，但是沒有研究支持學習風格對學習有影響的論斷。近期的一項研究則發現根本沒有證據爲這種方法證明。”

Myth No. 2: Rereading Material Is A Good Way To Learn
誤區2：重溫材料是學習的好方法

Before you go into an important meeting, you might refresh your memory by reviewing your notes or proposal, but this passive approach to learning won’t serve you well.
開重要會議之前，你可能會通過回顧筆記或議題的方式重新喚起記憶，但是這種被動的學習並不會起到很好的效果。

While more than 80% of respondents in Boser’s study believed that rereading is a highly effective approach to learning, research suggests that the approach is flawed, says Boser. What works better is an active form of learning.
上述調查中80%的參與者相信重溫材料是非常有效的學習方法，柏沙說研究顯示這種方法存在缺陷，更好的方法是積極地學習。

Myth No. 3: Focus On One Subject At A Time
誤區3：一次只專注於一個學科

When it comes to learning a difficult subject, people often believe you should practice one thing at a time. If you’re learning to use a new suite of software, for example, practice one program one day and another the next.
當學習困難的學科時，人們通常認爲要一心一意地練習其中一項。打個比方，如果你正在學新的軟件，一天只練習一個程序，第二天再學新的。

Myth No. 4: Your First Answer Is Often The Right Answer
誤區4：認爲最初的答案通常是正確的答案

In school, many of us were taught that if you put an answer on a test you shouldn’t change it, but you’re actually better off reconsidering, says Boser.
柏沙說，在學校裏，老師告訴我們考試時如果你已經選了一個答案，那你就不應該再改，但其實你應該重新考慮一下。

“People are overly confident,” he says. “Go around a room asking who the hardest working person is, and most people will identify themselves in that group.
“人們總是過度自信，”他說，“問一屋子裏的人誰是學習最努力的人，很多人都覺得自己應該在列。

Also, if they’ve learned something from an article or TED talk, they think they know it. We actually need time to deliberate and reflect to understand something.”
另外，如果他們讀到了一篇文章或從TED演講得知了什麼，他們就會認爲自己知道。其實我們真的需要時間仔細考慮反思去理解一些東西。”

Myth No. 5: The Number Of Hours You Put Into Something Translates To Better Understanding
誤區5：在一件事情上用的時間越多，理解就越透徹

Malcolm Gladwell’s 10,000 hours theory provided abenchmark for becoming an expert, but this doesn’t necessarily translate to learning, says Boser.
柏沙說，馬爾科姆•格拉德韋爾的一萬小時定律爲變爲專家提供了基準，但這不一定適用於學習。

“Most of us drive every day, but most of us have not gotten better at driving,” he says. “Putting in a lot of hours doesn’t always mean you’ll become good at something.”
“大多數人每天都開車，但駕駛技術卻沒有提高，”他指出，“花費大量的時間並不意味着你就能在某件事上變得擅長。”