英語閱讀中如何找出隱含的主旨

More info on how to find the main idea
更多關於怎樣找到主旨的信息

What Is an Implied Main Idea?
什麼是隱含的主旨？

Sometimes, a reader will get lucky and the main idea will be a stated main idea, where the main idea is easy to find because it's written directly in the text.
有時候，讀者會很幸運地發現，主旨是開門見山的，很容易就能找到，因爲文中直接就寫出來了。

However, many of the passages you'll read on a standardized test like the SAT or GRE will have an implied main idea, which is a little trickier.
但是，在標準化考試中，如學業能力傾向測驗或者研究生入學考試，你讀到的大多數文章的主旨都被狡猾地隱藏了。

If the author doesn't directly state the main idea of the text, it's up to you to infer what the main idea is.
如果作者沒有直接在文章寫出主旨，你就要將其推斷出來了。

Finding the implied main idea is easier if you think of the passage as a box. Inside the box, is a random group of stuff (the details of the passage). Pull each item from the box and try to figure out what they each have in common, kind of like the game Tri-Bond. Once you've figured out what the common bond is among each of the items, you'll be able to summarize the passage in a snap.
如果你將整篇文章看做一個箱子，那麼找到隱含的主旨就會容易一些。在箱子裏，擺放的都是雜亂無章的東西（文章的各種細節）。將它們一個個從箱子裏取出來然後分清它們有什麼共同點，就像Tri-Bond遊戲一樣。一旦你發現每件事物的共同點，就能快速概括出全文。

How To Find the Implied Main Idea
怎樣找到隱含的主旨

1. Read the passage of text
通讀全文

2. Ask this question to yourself: "What do each of the details of the passage have in common?"
問你自己一個問題：“文章中的每個細節都有什麼共同點？”

3. In your own words, find the common bond among all the details of the passage and the author's point about this bond.
用你自己的方式，找出所有細節的共同點以及作者對此的觀點。

4. Compose a short sentence stating the bond and what the author says about the bond.
寫下短句子，陳述出共同點以及作者的觀點。

Step 1: Read the Implied Main Idea Example:
步驟一：閱讀含有隱含主旨的例子：

When you're with your friends, it's okay to be loud and use slang. They'll expect it and they aren't grading you on your grammar. When you're standing in a boardroom or sitting for an interview, you should use your best English possible, and keep your tone suitable to the working environment. Try to gauge the personality of the interviewer and the setting of the workplacebefore cracking jokes or speaking out of turn. If you're ever in a position to speak publicly, always ask about your audience, and modify your language, tone, pitch and topic based on what you think the audience's preferences would be. You'd never give a lecture about atoms to third-graders!
當你和朋友在一起的時候，可以大聲說話，講俚語。他們也會很樂意，而且不會去從語法的角度去評判你。當你在會議室或面對採訪時，你就得儘可能說出最標準的英語了，以使你的音調與工作環境匹配。在開玩笑或者發言之前，你要試圖揣測採訪者的性格和工作區的陳設。如果你的工作性質要求你經常公開發言，你就要常常詢問觀衆，在基於你對觀衆喜好的理解上，更正你的語言、語氣、音高和主題。你就不會犯給三年級學生講原子的錯誤了！

Step 2: What's the Common Thread?
步驟二：什麼是共同主線？

In this case, the author is writing about hanging out with friends, going on an interview, and speaking publicly, which, at first glance, don't seem to relate to each other that much. If you find a common bond among all them, though, you'll see that the author is giving you different situations and then telling us to speak differently in each setting (use slang with friends, be respectful and quiet in an interview, modify your tone publicly). The common bond is speaking, which will have to be part of the implied main idea.
假若作者寫的是和朋友一起出去玩，參加面試和公開發言，這些事第一眼看上去好像彼此沒有多大聯繫。如果你找到了它們的共同點，你就能發現，作者在通過不同的場合來告訴我們，不同的環境說話的方式也不同。（和朋友說俚語，面試則要禮貌沉穩，公共場所就要注意自己的語氣）共同點就是說話，也就是隱含主旨的一部分。

Step 3. Summarize the Passage
步驟三：總結全文

A sentence like "Different situations requires different kinds of speech" would fit perfectly as the implied main idea of that passage. We had to infer that because the sentence doesn't appear anywhere in the paragraph. But it was easy enough to find this implied main idea when you looked at the common bond uniting each idea.
例如“不同的場合說話的方式頁不同”的句子很適合用來比喻文章的隱含主旨。我們得推斷出主旨，因爲它不是在文章中隨處可見的。但是，當你看到每個觀點之間的共同點時，就足夠你找出隱含的主旨了。