一張圖看你看遍：百年人類笑容進化史

There's a reason why people 100 years ago looked miserable. A new study has reveAled how our smiles have evolved in photographs as a direct result of improving research was done using a new data-mining tool, which can reveal patterns in anything from phone conversations to behaviour on social media.
100年前的人看着那麼悲催是有原因的。隨着技術的不斷改進，一項新研究向人們揭示了照片中的"笑容進化史"。通過應用新的數據處理工具，這項研究得以揭示從電話談話到社交媒體中的一切規律。

Ginosar looked at 150,000 yearbook photos as part of the r deleting photos that weren't face-on, she was left with around 37,000 images from 800 yearbooks in 26 states.
吉諾薩研究了15萬張年鑑裏的照片。去掉非正臉照片後，她留下了從26個州800本年鑑中找到的3萬7千多張照片。

She then put the photographs together based on gender, and then decade, before they were blended into on another to create an 'average' face from each r analysing the images using her data mining tool, she found the most obvious difference between was the evolution of the smile, which gets broader as the years go on.
她先把照片根據性別和年份拼在一起，然後將這些照片重新排列，並從每個時期找出一張"大衆"臉。通過運用數據處理工具解析圖片，她發現其中最明顯的區別莫過於微笑的演變，隨着年代不斷靠近，人們的微笑也越來越開懷。

Ginosar says this is because of changing technologies.'These days we take for granted that we should smile when our picture is being taken,' she writes in her report.'However, smiling at the camera was not always the norm.
吉諾薩稱這是由於科技的進步。"如今我們理所當然地認爲拍照時就該笑，"吉諾薩在其報告中寫到。"然而並不是每個時代的人都會在拍照時微笑。"

'In the late 19th century people posing for photographs still followed the habits of painted portraiture subjects.
19世紀晚期，人們拍照擺的姿勢依然模仿圖畫裏的慣用動作。

'These included keeping a serious expression since a smile was hard to maintain for as long as it took to paint a portrait.
其中就包括一臉嚴肅的表情，因爲要在畫肖像的時候一直保持着微笑太難了。

'Also, etiquette and beauty standards dictated that the mouth be kept small - resulting in an instruction to 'say prunes', rather than cheese.
還有，當時禮數和美的標準都要求笑不露齒－所以人們拍照時攝影師會讓人說"prunes"（開口度小），而不是"cheese"（開口度大）。

'All of this changed during the 20th century when amateurs photography became widespread.
這些現象在20世紀時才得以改變，因爲當時業餘攝影開始普及。