市場收益率如何計算？
債券市場收益率是以市場價格換算出來的收益比率。例如債券票面價格爲100元，當下的市場成交價若爲90元，則市場收益率爲10%。接下來小編爲大家整理會計英文詞彙分析，希望對你有幫助哦!
he stock market goes up and down. Suppose its level alternates each year between 50 and 100, with no upward or downward trend. What is the capital return on the market?
股市有漲也有跌。假設每年的股價不是50就是100，沒有上漲或下跌趨勢。那麼股市的資本回報率會有多大?
Common sense suggests the answer is zero. But is that common sense right? In the good years you obtain a return of 100 per cent. In the bad, the yield is minus 50 per cent. The average return is therefore 25 per cent. There is logic to that. If you invested the same amount every year, and sold at the end of a year, you would indeed make – on average – a very attractive return of 25 per cent a year.
根據常識，答案應該是零。但這一常識正確嗎?在景氣年份，你可以獲得100%的回報率;在不景氣年份，回報率則是負50%。因此平均收益率爲25%。這是符合邏輯的。如果你每年都拿同樣多的錢買股票，並在年末賣掉，那麼平均算下來，實際上你每年會獲得25%的回報率，這很有吸引力。
What if you bought and sold at random? In that case, four options are equally likely: buy and sell at 50, buy and sell at 100, buy at 50 and sell at 100, buy at 100 and sell at 50. The overall annual expected gain is 12.5 per cent.
如果你隨意買賣，結果又會如何?在這種情況下，有四種同等概率的可能性：買賣價格都是50，買賣價格都是100，50買入100賣出，100買入50賣出。總體上，年預期回報率爲12.5%。
If you are by now thoroughly confused, you are not alone. The average historic return on the volatile equity market is central to calculations of the cost of capital and provision for future pension liabilities. But the figure has been debated for decades. The dispute is less about the underlying data than about the way you make the calculation. The question is often framed as the choice between arithmetic and geometric means.
如果現在你已經完全暈了，也屬正常。波動性股市的平均歷史回報率，是計算資金成本和未來養老金負債撥備的重要數據。但人們就這一數據已經爭論了幾十年。爭論的焦點在於這一指標的計算方式，而不是原始數據。問題往往在於算數平均數和幾何平均數之間的選擇。
But there is no right or wrong answer. In all problems of this kind, the relevant measure is specific to the particular purpose you have in mind.
但這個問題沒有一個孰對孰錯的答案。在所有這類問題中，方法與你心中特定的目的對應。
The way we measure inflation is, in principle, straightforward too.
總體來看，我們計算通脹的方式也非常簡單。
You take an everyday basket of household goods and send a mystery shopper to discover what the bundle costs. Then you do the same thing a month later and find out how much the price of the basket has increased. You revise the composition of the basket regularly to introduce new goods and eliminate obsolete ones, and to respond to changes in the composition of spending.
你準備一籃子日常用品，然後讓一個神祕的購物者去弄清這籃用品的成本。一個月之後做同樣一件事，看看這籃用品的價格上漲了多少。你定期調整籃子裏面東西的構成，增加新產品，去掉過時的產品，根據消費構成的變化而變化。
But every month some of the goods are on special offer. Perhaps you can buy one bottle of shampoo and get one free. The price of shampoo has fallen by 50 per cent but you spend the same and get two bottles. Then the offer ends, and the price has risen by 100 per cent.
但每個月都有一些產品打特價。比如說洗髮水買一贈一，也就是說洗髮水的價格降低了50%，或者說用同樣的價格購買了兩瓶。當特價結束的時候，價格又上漲了100%。
If you spent the same on shampoo and conditioner, and then the price of shampoo fell by half, and the price of conditioner doubled, we would probably want to say that the cost of washing your hair has gone up.
如果洗髮水和護髮素的價格本來一樣，然後洗髮水的價格下降一半，護髮素的價格翻番，或許我們就可以說洗頭的成本上升了。
What happens in practice depends on the detail of the instructions to the mystery shopper and the frequency with which the relative weights of the components of the basket are reassessed.
實際情況取決於這位神祕購物者得到的詳細指令，以及籃子裏各物品相對權重重新調整的頻率。
