BEC寫作想要拿高分？這些商務寫作原則、實用句式考前必看！

商英君常常在後臺收到疑問：想要進修職場英語，有什麼樣的學習材料？

對於這樣的朋友，小編我總是推薦看BEC教材，或者去做幾套真題。

這是因爲BEC考試盛行多年，總結出的實用規則和技巧，確實是職場人必備的知識儲備。

今天，我們就藉着BEC考試寫作模塊，一方面可以給即將考BEC的考友們做個寫作思路梳理，同時可看看工作中，商務寫作有哪些注意點。

01
商務信函種類、各類型寫作套路
國外曾出版過一本經典商務寫作指導熱門書，叫Powerful Business Writing

裏面總結過職場寫作涉及到的7種文書類型，分別是：

Information or acceptance 提供信息、表示接受
Sales or persuasion 銷售、說服對方
Request 請求
Complain 抱怨
Rejection 拒絕
Collection 徵收
Goodwill 示好

這本書講，別看有7種，但是不管是寫那種商務信函，都遵循 BME三模塊
即：B 開頭（Beginning），M 中間（Middle），E 結尾（End）。

但由於撰寫的目的不同，往BME三部分裏填充的內容並不一樣，比如：
1. Information or acceptance 提供信息、表示接受
B: 引入話題
M: 討論或解釋
E: 表達你希望對方採取的行動

2. Sales or persuasion 銷售、說服對方
B: 通過提出一個理念或提供一項產品服務來吸引對方注意
M: 使用一系列事實，曉之以理、動之以情
E: 呼籲對方

3. Request 請求
B: 說明你的需求
M: 描述你需求的原因
E: 請求幫助並表示感謝

4. Complain 抱怨
B: 說明問題出處
M: 提供充足的細節，以便對方幫助
E: 表達你希望對方採取的行動

5. Rejection 拒絕
B:對對方表示同情，拉近關係
M:將拒絕委婉提出，並且放在中間。說明拒絕的原因時也要給對方留情面
E:強調對於該局面的積極面

6. Collection 徵收
B: 有禮貌地表達，提供對方未付款的信息
M: 有禮貌地要求對方及時付款
E: 表達如果付款不能及時到賬時你將採取的行動，並隨信附送回信信封

7. Goodwill 示好
B: 表達感謝、讚美、祝賀、同情，或者邀請
M: 提供非正式的較私人的信息
E: 以熱情的方式結尾

也就是說不管是BEC考試，還是日常商務寫作中，基本上都逃不過這7種類型。寫作的時候，只要根據類型，套用以上模板就可以了。

02
商務寫作常用連接詞

大邏輯清楚了，接下來是信函中的小邏輯。

連接詞是信函中不可或缺的成分，也是意思過渡、轉折的“潤滑劑”。

在小編我上學的時候，外教曾說：外國人看中國人寫英文文章，判斷這個人寫作邏輯是否嚴謹，關鍵就是關鍵詞用得是否恰當。

下面就給大家介紹一些常用連接詞。

目的 連接詞
補充意思
Also, and, besides, furthermore, moreover, next, too, as well as,
in addition, again
總結 In brief, on the whole, in short, in sum, to sum up
列舉 First, second, third, last
闡釋 Actually, in other words, clearly
舉例 For instance, for example (e.g.), this is (i.e.)
類比 Also, similarly, likewise, as well as
對比
Although, even though, but, however, on the contrary, on the
other hand, yet, in contrast
強調 Certainly, most of all, in fact, of course, in any event
條件 If, unless, until, when, even though
因果關係 As a result, so, therefore, consequently, accordingly
結果 As a result, therefore, so, hence
轉折 But, yet, on the contrary, regardless, nevertheless
順序
Formerly, previously, meanwhile, before, after, until now, at the
same time, later, during

當然啦，不僅侷限於單詞，很多句子和短語也可以作爲連接過渡使用，比如：

That brings us to the next step, which is …
正好這是我們下面要說的，就是……

Now that we’ve settled that problem, let’s look at …
這個問題已經解決了，下面我們來看看……

Unfortunately, in this case, we won’t be able to …
不好意思，在這個方案裏，我們不能……

In addition to budget constraints, there’s another matter we have to discuss.
除了預算限制，我們還要討論另外一個問題，

This relates directly to the question I put to you before…
這正好和我之前提到的一個問題相關

That brings me to the end of my presentation. I've talked about…
以上就是我想講的，我們談論了……

Well, that's about it for now. We've covered…
以上就是全部了，我們說了……

Perhaps I can rephrase that.
也許我可以再解釋下，是這樣……

Put another way, this means…
換種說法，這意味着……

03
商務寫作7C原則

在國外，商務寫作有一個必須遵循的原則，簡稱爲7C原則。即：Completeness, Conciseness, Correctness, Concreteness, Clarify, Courtesy, Consideration

#1 Completeness 完整度

Any business Communications should be complete and should convey all the facts needed by a given audience. Complete communication saves costs as no backtracking need occur. It also helps in decision making since the intended audience gets all of the information required.
商務溝通信息必須是完整的，將全部事實，傳達給既定受衆。完整的信息能節省成本，因爲可以讓受衆不需要再回溯。而且，因爲目標受衆已獲得所需的所有信息，這對於決策也有很大幫助。

完整包括所有有關“who、what、where、when、why、how等信息。

比如寫一封order的時候，我們應該考慮貨物是什麼，什麼時候需要，貨物由誰運輸然後誰接收，最後以什麼樣的付款方式。

#2 Conciseness 簡潔度

Communications should be concise. Needless words can muddy the message, and a concise message is more comprehensible to the audience.
商務溝通應該簡明扼要。不必要的話會讓混淆視聽，簡明扼要的消息對觀衆來說更容易理解。

簡潔指在不違背其他C原則的前提下儘量使用最少的的詞彙來表達自己的意思。

簡潔的反面就是Wordiness（冗長），一般有三種情況：

A. Circumlocution（委婉迂迴）使用過長的表達
B. Vague qualifiers（模糊修飾語）使用沒有意義形容詞和副詞
C. Padding（補白）表達沒有意義，只是填補空缺
做個小練習--如何長話短說？
1. I have caused enquiries to be made with a view to establishing the reasons for our inability to supply your order.
2. That is really productive meeting.

答案
1. I have enquired into the reason why we can’t supply your order.
2. That is a productive meeting.

如何做到簡潔？

1. 一個詞替代詞組
In the near future--soon;
will you be kind enough to--please

2. 避免一些which/that 從句
The receipt that is enclosed documents(V.) your purchase.
改爲：The enclosed receipt documents your purchase.

3. 同一句話避免使用相同的詞彙
Please quote your best price for your best quality.
改爲：Please quote your lowest price for your best quality.

4. 避免無意義的表達
Please be advised that your admission statement was received.
改爲：Your admission statement was received.

5. 避免不必要的介詞短語
The issue of most relevance is teamwork.
改爲：The most relevant issue is teamwork.

6. 控制被動語態的使用
The total balance due(總額) will be found on page 2 of this report.
改爲：The balance due is on page 2 of this report.
改爲：You will see the balance due on page 2.

#3 Correctness 正確性

Correctness means the message has been crafted using proper punctuation, spelling and grammar. A letter with incorrect usage puts you in an obviously bad light.
正確性意味着使用正確的標點符號、拼寫正確，沒有語法錯誤。如果一封商務信函錯誤連篇，寫信的人給人留下的印象會非常不好。
做個小練習--修改句子問題
1. Well chosen words are likely to be short and natural words.
2. The principals of effective letters and memorandums are similiar.
3. An efficient and concerned personal department builds employee morale.
4. The box, together with the baskets, were sent to the shipping room.
5. Jim and Paul are good friends of Mary and I.
6. In countries where two or more languages co-exist confusion often arises.

答案
1. Well-chosen words are likely to be short and natural words.
2. The principles of effective letters and memorandums are similar.
3. An efficient and concerned Personnel Department builds employee morale.
4. The box, together with the baskets, was sent to the shipping room.
5. Jim and Paul are good friends of Mary and me.
6. In countries where two or more languages co-exist, confusion often arises.

# 4 Concreteness 具體性

Lack of concreteness is perhaps the biggest mistake business communicators make. Communication that is particular rather than general strengthens confidence in the audience. Concrete communication is supported with facts and figures, and the message is typically not misinterpreted.
缺乏具體性是商務溝通的大忌。具體的，而非籠統的信息能讓受衆加強信心。具體的信息應該包括事實和數據，而且不會讓人讀了之後產生誤解。
所謂具體，就是儘量使用明確、具體的詞彙。

這樣你的信函將更爲專業、準確、有趣並且有力。舉個例子：

 #5 Clarify 清晰度

Clarity puts the emphasis on a specific message rather than on too many messages at once. This lets the audience assimilate information without having to decipher a garbled message. Clarity is especially useful in instructing employees about complicated new processes or procedures.
所謂清楚，就是要求一次把一個問題講透，而不是什麼都講。這樣受衆能夠更好消化信息，而不是在冗雜的信息中來回摸索。在教員工複雜的新流程或程序時，溝通的清晰度尤其重要。

商務寫作，在於“在正確的場合使用正確的詞彙”，具體而言：

1 使用短小、熟悉並且在會話中經常使用的詞彙，然後將其有效地組句成段。
2 一句話不要講述過多的思想，一句話最多講一個點。
3 每句話不超過17-20個詞。
4 如果情況允許，可以使用一些直觀輔助，像舉個例子、做個圖表等等。

現在，試試將下面意義相同的詞彙配對。

#6 Courtesy 禮貌性

Courtesy in an interchange means both the sender and receiver of the message are polite at all costs and the viewpoints and feelings of both are taken into consideration. Business people need to be courteous even in the face of disagreements, as disagreements will not be resolved in a contentious atmosphere.
在商務溝通中，消息發送發和接收方都應該秉承禮貌的原則，考慮對方的觀點和感受。即使面對分歧，生意人也需要保持禮節，畢竟在爭議對抗的環境中，問題是沒法解決的。
如何體現：

及時回信
避免使用冒犯的語言（例如帶有歧視的語言）
脾氣溫和
多爲對方考慮
體現對方能獲得的益處
強調積極怡人的信息
誠實完整

#7 Consideration 體貼

Consideration means respecting your business audience and putting yourself in their shoes. A message delivered in an empathetic fashion will usually stimulate a positive response. Talking down to subordinates shows a lack of consideration.
體貼意味着尊重你的商業夥伴，併爲他們設身處地考慮。飽含同理心的信息往往能得到正向的回覆。用高人一等的語氣和下屬講話，就是缺乏同理心的表現。

04
BEC考試常用寫作句式
The purpose of this report is to.../The report aims to...
As regards to.../The key findings are summerised bellow...
I recommend to.../It was concluded that...
It can be seen from the chart that significantly...-er...than...
According to the graph, we see a different trend emerging.
The number of... increased/dropped by %.
The graph shows the percentage of...
We can see that... swell during the... hours, peaking at...