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年9月高口翻譯題技巧講評

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一.無主句的翻譯

年9月高口翻譯題技巧講評

中文的文章中存在不少無主句,政論中不可避免地存在無主句。比如這裏的第二句:要強調國際監管核心原則和標準的一致性,同時要充分考慮不同國家金融市場的差異性,提高金融監管的針對性和有效性。

對於無主句,我們有多種處理方式。首先可以考慮用被動語態。比如:要擴大出口:Export should be expanded.

其次可以增添主語,政論文章增添we是經常地對策。如:

要強調國際監管核心原則和標準的一致性,同時要充分考慮不同國家金融市場的差異性,提高金融監管的針對性和有效性。

We need to stress the consistency of core principles and standards of international supervision and regulation and, at the same time, take into full consideration the differences between financial markets of individual countries to make financial supervision and regulation more focused and effective.

無主句還可以對於動詞短語進行被動處理。強調lay emphasis on可以轉化爲Emphasis should be laid on …考題中的這句話前半句也可以譯成:

Emphasis should be laid on the consistency of core principles and standards of international supervision and regulation.

當然,特殊句型It is necessary / essential to...也是可以用的處理方式。考題中的第二句可以譯成:

It is necessary to stress the consistency of core principles and standards of international supervision and regulation and, at the same time, take into full consideration the differences between financial markets of individual countries to make financial supervision and regulation more focused and effective.

二.斷句原則

漢語中的逗號不一定等同於英語中的逗號,如果句子意思比較複雜,分句數量衆多,我們必須當機立斷,當斷則斷。我們來看翻譯考題的第一個句子:

我們應該牢記國際金融危機的深刻教訓,正本清源,對症下藥,本着簡單易行、便於問責的原則推進國際金融監管改革,建立有利於實體經濟發展的國際金融體系。

We must learn the hard lessons of the international financial crisis, take effective measures to address the root causes of the crisis, and push forward reform to ensure that the future international financial supervisory and regulatory regime is easy to operate and highly accountable. It is important to establish an international financial system that is good for the growth of the real economy.

這句話中我們如果把最後的小分句“建立有利於實體經濟發展的國際金融體系”作爲不定式結構添加到前面的譯文上去,勢必產生句子的歧義,“to establish an international financial system that is good for the growth of the real economy”也有可能緊接在形容詞短語“highly accountable”後面,和前面的不定式結構“to operate”遙相呼應,構成並列短語。這樣的歧義偏離了我們準確翻譯政論的目的,所以要謹慎加以處理,當斷則斷。

我們再來看翻譯考題的最後一個句子:

實現世界經濟強勁、可持續、平衡增長是一個長期複雜的過程,不可能一蹴而就,既要持之以恆、堅定推進,也要照顧到不同國家國情,尊重各國發展道路和發展模式的多樣性。

我們可以適當的加以連接,比如將前面的兩個句子用定語從句進行連接:

It will take a long and complex process to achieve strong, sustainable and balanced growth of the world economy, which cannot be done overnight.

後面的兩個小分句可以考慮爲並列關係加以銜接:

We must make persistent efforts to push forward this process and also take into account specific circumstances of individual countries and respect their diverse development paths and models.

如果這兩個部分還要強行銜接起來,在英語中就顯得邏輯關係不夠明確,倒不如切分以後意義來得明晰。

三.長句的意羣分析

到了高級翻譯的層面,我們會碰到大量的長句,尤其在嚴謹的法律文件中,長句更是司空見慣的現象。長句的翻譯需要我們對於意羣準確的分析和定位。我們用英譯中部分的第一句話舉一個簡單的例子:

During the term of this Contract, all technical documentation, including but not limited to manufacturing technologies, procedures, methods, formulas, data, techniques and know-how, to be provided by one Party to the other shall be treated by the recipient as "Confidential Information".

要確定句子的意義並且合理地進行翻譯,我們首先需要辨析意羣的數量以及各個意羣之間的關係:

1 During the term of this Contract, all technical documentation,

2 including but not limited to manufacturing technologies, procedures, methods, formulas, data, techniques and know-how,

3 to be provided by one Party to the other

4 shall be treated by the recipient as "Confidential Information".

我們把第一個句子分成了四個意羣,第二個和第三個意羣都是第一個意羣中名詞的修飾語,第四個意羣是句子的謂語部分。修飾成分如果都疊加在名詞之前會顯得過於累贅,我們可以考慮一個放置在名詞前方進行修飾,一個保留在名詞後方的位置進行補充說明。

譯文:合同執行期間,所有一方向另一方提供的技術文件,包括但不限於加工技術、工藝流程、加工方法、配方、數據、技術、技能,須由接收人認定爲保密信息。