雅思大作文 教你寫到行雲流水！

雅思大作文屬於議論文，要求考生就某一問題提出觀點並進行闡述和論證，旨在說服他人認同自己的觀點。但是有些考生爲了圖省事，喜歡蒐羅所謂的“萬能模板”，無論碰到什麼考題都去套用。這樣寫出來的文章就像是堆積在一起的豆腐塊，思路不清，觀點不明，前言不搭後語。那麼如何在雅思大作文的寫作中實現行雲流水一般的效果?

雅思的評分標準已經詳細地描述了對於連貫與銜接(Coherence and Cohesion)的要求。只要我們儘量依照這個標準寫文章，就能最大程度地提高文章的流暢度。

9l uses cohesion in such a way that it attracts no attention

l skillfully manages paragraphing

8l sequences information and ideas logically

l manages all aspects of cohesion well

l uses paragraphing sufficiently and appropriately

7l logically organize information and ideas; Clear progression

l A range of cohesive devices appropriately in spite of some under-/ over-use

l Clear central topic within each paragraph

6l Arrange information and ideas coherently; a clear overall progression

l Uses cohesive devices effectively, but cohesion within and/or between sentences may be faulty or mechanical

l may not always use referencing clearly or appropriately

l uses paragraphing, but not always logically

5l present information with some organisation but there may be a lack of overall progression

l make inadequate, inaccurate or over-use of cohesive devices

l may be repetitive because of lack of referencing and substitution

l may not write in paragraphs, or paragraphing may be inadequate

連貫與銜接涵蓋了四個方面的考量：

1 有邏輯有條理地組織論點

一篇文章只有一個立場，但是論點可以有幾個。那麼這幾個論點如何排列，哪個在前哪個在後呢?這些是有講究的，同學們不能想到哪寫哪兒。下面的段落是學生的例文，其中就存在論點排列的問題

Although internet can contain much information in education, if under no control, it will be terrible, because young people cannot concentrate on their studies for hours, and the information online can be good and bad as well. If you allow your kids to learn only via the internet, they will play all day. So, studying without a teacher’s supervision cannot be imagined.

這段文字的中心內容是網絡學習存在的問題。論點包括兩個，學生的自律和網絡的內容。關於學生自律的問題有兩句話，young people cannot concentrate on their studies for hours,以及 If you allow your kids to learn only via the internet, they will play all day.這兩句話有相關性，但是卻被網絡那句話隔開了。這樣會給讀者造成閱讀的障礙，降低文章的流暢度。所以重新調整這幾句話的位置，就可以很快解決這個問題。

Although internet can contain much information in education, if under no control, it will be terrible. Young people cannot concentrate on their studies for hours. If you allow your kids to learn only via the internet, they will play all day. And the information online can be good and bad as well. So, studying without a teacher’s supervision cannot be imagined.

2 連接手段使用得自然多樣

論點之間如何連接?有哪些連接手段?下面這個段落的中心內容是看電視太多產生的問題，共有三個論點。所使用的連接手段是正確有效的，但是單一，少變化。每一個論點之間都使用了副詞做連接詞，而且都是在句首。

Watching TV too much can lead to a number of problems. Firstly, it is bad for children’s health. For example, they tend to have poor eyesight and a weak body. Secondly, if children spend too much time watching TV, they would have less opportunity to interact with their peers. This can contribute to their feeling of loneliness and isolation from the society. Last but not least, watching TV too long, children may become less active mentally because TV is considered as inactive activity by many researches.

下面的段落是對照版本。其中使用了代詞，副詞和形容詞等多種連接手段，而且做到了自然銜接：

Watching TV too much can lead to a number of problems and the most obvious one is the negative impact on physical health of children. For example, they tend to have poor eyesight and a weak body.Another concern is about social development of children. If they spend too much time watching TV, they would have less opportunity to interact with their peers. This can contribute to their feeling of loneliness and isolation from the society. Children watching TV too long may also become less active mentally because TV is considered as inactive activity by many researches.

3 段落的中心內容與中心句

一個段落只有一箇中心思想，這個中心思想通常會體現在一個總結性的句子當中，這句話叫做中心句。中心句在學術文章中常常落在段首，以方便閱讀。中心句如同射擊的靶子，要直指文章主題，這樣後面的論點纔不會偏離題目，因此非常重要。上面關於看電視太多的段落，中心句就寫的非常明確。下面再給同學們一些句子，可以靈活應用於立論段，即證明自己觀點的段落。

It is hard to argue with the fact that workers are the direct/ first beneficiaries of this working fashion.

There is no doubt that many employees would favour/welcome telework.

Statistics show that there are few things which impact the human mind more than mass media.

The mass media hold a large share of importance in society.

A life without the presence of mass media would seem improbable for many.

However, this does not mean that …

下面是一些可以用於讓步段的中心句：

there are certainly some minor downsides in 。。。

I admit that … is not perfect.

I understand why some people oppose 。。。

Of course there are some opposite voices against 。。

the disapproving voices also sound reasonable.

It is natural to regard a university as a phase preparing for a future job…

the other side of the argument is also valid.

Surely pushing their children towards academic study makes sense for parents.

You cannot be honest without admitting ….

4 指示代詞的準確使用

中文和英文在指示代詞上有較大的區別。中文習慣重複名詞，而英文則強調用代詞。如‘我今天把錢包丟了，我那個錢包可好看了。’而相對應的英文表達是使用代詞而不再重複錢包這個名詞， ‘I lost my purse today, and it was so cute.’ 或者 ‘I lost my purse, which was so cute.’流暢度高的文章指示代詞使用正確，指向清楚。下面這兩句話當中有兩個代詞it，但是存在指代不清的問題：

Government’s investment is always the focus that people pay more attention to. Recently, itbecomes a controversy that whether it should support the athletes to join the worldwide competitions.

前一個it指代後面whether從句，後一個it指代government.爲了理清關係，減少模糊，最好不用形式主語這個句型，而是直接把主語從句放在主語的位置上。修改如下：

Government’s budget is always the attention focus of the public. Whether it should support the athletes to join the worldwide competitions causes controversy.

以上是雅思寫作評分標準中關於連貫與銜接的具體要求和應用舉例。同學們按照這幾個標準多實踐，多體會，就會逐漸寫出如行雲流水一般的文章。