深入解析託福閱讀句子插入題
託福閱讀句子插入題是一種常見的題型，我們應該怎麼去解答它呢?下面小編給大家帶來深入解析託福閱讀句子插入題，希望對大家有所幫助!
深入解析託福閱讀句子插入題
句子插入題是託福閱讀十大題型之一，從句子層面考察考生對句間邏輯關係、段落大意的理解和把握。這類題目是給出一句話讓我們來判斷這句話應加入一個段落中四個方塊的哪個部分,用鼠標雙擊所選的黑色方塊即可。做這類題目的關鍵首先是理解該句子，尋找其中的銜接詞，分析這個句子的特點和其在文中的作用，然後把這個句子帶入原文中檢驗其是否合適。
掌握銜接詞對解答這類問題非常重要，因爲它是理解上下文和這個句子的邏輯關係的核心。銜接詞語主要包括代詞(指示代詞，例如this, these their, it, such, another ，這些通常是上文提到過的，所以可以採用就近原則來做。);關鍵同義詞，重複出現的形容詞，副詞和名詞;表示因果，轉折等關係的過渡詞語：如，therefore, so, however, as a result, consequently, on the contrary, however 等;遞進擴展詞：如，furthermore, also, as well, too, in addition, moreover, besides, even, additionally等;結構配對詞：如，on the one hand…. on the other hand，some…others，同時還要注意一些表示順序的詞，如first ,second ,third等。
我們來具體來一個例子：1. But there is also another special kind of conversational flow among Southern women that contributed to their writing. 2. Some of their talk took the form of tales and vignettes told for their own sake.3. Sometimes humorous, sometimes sad; all were as bright as the figures in the fine needlepoint. 4.
Look at the four positions that indicate where the following sentences can be added to the …paragraph of the passage.
These tales included grotesque, comic, and poetic descriptions, character sketches, narratives, gusts of feeling, delicate ironies, and astute observations.
Click on a position to add the sentence to the passage.
A: position 1 B: Position 2 C: Position 3 D: Position 4
接下來再來看看如何解答這道題。理解要插入的句子，These tales included grotesque, comic, and poetic descriptions, character sketches, and narratives, gusts of feeling, delicate ironies, and astute observations. 我們看這個句子是主、謂、賓結構，其中賓語爲一些列的並列名詞和短語。尋找銜接詞，這個句子的銜接詞爲：These tales。分析這個句子和上下文的關係：位置1 不可能，因爲它後面的句子是一個主題型句子，即，提出論點，而我們要插入的句子爲一個小點，屬於論據。然後看位置2，這裏出現了和我們要加入句子一樣的信息點Some of their talk took the form of tales and vignettes told for their own sake。顯然句子放在位置2是不行的;位置3後面的句子是對其前面句子for their own sake的進一步解釋。所以最後只能是位置4了。把這個句帶入各個位置。檢查每個位置，位置4是最恰當的。
句子插入題的一個本質和一個原則往往被大家忽略，導致失分很多。一個本質---插入句是一句“可有可無”的話。題的出題位置大家比較清楚，一般處於倒數第二題的位置，並且用來出題的段落是大家應該在前面的題目中已經見到過，而之前的題目和文章既然大家理解起來沒有出現大的障礙，就說明插入進來的句子是一句可有可無的話。這就要從兩個方面來理解了。
何爲“可有”?既然插入句能放進原文中去，就說明它和原文是有一定關係的，所以叫“可有”，這也就意味着，插入句的部分含義是在原文中有所重複的。所以我們的重點是回到文中找那部分被重複的句意。例如：
█Watt's steam engine soon showed what it could do. █It liberated industry fromdependence on running water. █The engine eliminated water in the mines by drivingefficient pumps, which m-ade possible deeper and deeper mining. █The ready availability ofcoal inspired William Murdoch during the 1790s to develop the first new form of nighttimeillumination to be discovered in a mill-ennium and a half. Coal gas rivaled smoky oil lamps andflickering candles, a-nd early in the new century, well-to-do Londoners grew accustomed togaslit houses and even streets. Iron manufacturers, which had starved for fuel while dependingon charcoal, also benefited from ever-increasing supplies of coal: b-last furnaces with steam-powered bellows turned out more iron and steel for the new machinery. Steam became themotive force of the Industrial Revolu-tion as coal and iron ore were the raw materials.
(官方真題Official6-Powering the Industrial Revolution)
Look at the four squares [█] that indicate where the following sentence coul-d be added tothe passage.
The factories did not have to go to the streams when power could come to th-e factories.
Where would the sentence best fit?
在上題中，“liberated industry from dependence on running water”和 “The factories did not have to go to the streams”句意便發生了重合。所以我們可以確定，文中第二句話的前後應該是我們可以選擇的範圍。
何爲“可無”?這個便是經常被大家忽略的地方。既然這句話，可以省略，那麼這個插入句究竟要符合什麼特點呢?還是以上題爲例，我們發現 “liberated industry from dependence on running water”和 “The factories didnot have to go to the streams”句意發生了重合，那究竟應該把插入句放在第二個█還是第三個█呢?這時就需要分情況討論了：
情況1：放在第二個█，也就是說我們認爲插入句是和下文有關係，既然要符合“可無”這個本質，所以說插入句必須是對下文概括或者引出。
情況2：放在第三個█，也就是說我們認爲插入句是和上文有關係，既然要符合“可無”這個本質，所以說插入句必須是對上文進一步解釋。
綜合以上兩種情況，我們會發現，插入句要麼總結引出下文，要麼進一步解釋上文。所以我們會發現，在插入題中，前一句的敘述範圍應該總比後一句大。 根據上述內容，也就引出了我們需要注意的一個非常重要的做題原則。
一個原則。在插入題中，句子的敘述順序遵循從大到小，從抽象到具體的原則。找到重複的句意後，按照大小順序安置插入句的位置。在上題中，“liberated industry from dependence on running water”的意思是解放了工廠對水流的依賴。 “The factories did not have to go to the streams”的意思是工廠不用去往河流的位置。顯然前者說得更概括和抽象，後者更具體，所以按照從大到小的順序，應該選擇第二個█。
怎樣Hold住託福閱讀中的生詞
在託福閱讀中遇到生詞，對理解無大礙者可一躍而過。只有難以推測的生詞才藉助詞典。但過多依賴詞典會打斷託福閱讀思路，影響速度及理解，這就需要學生會猜詞。本文小編將告訴大家如何應對託福閱讀生詞。
可這不是說平時閱讀一涉及到託福閱讀生詞便去猜測，如有條件使用詞典，同學們還是應該將不會的生詞一一查明，並加以記憶。只有這樣才能擴充我們的詞彙量，提高閱讀理解能力。猜詞可有多種方法，下面介紹幾種常用且準確性高的方法，同樣也適合在託福閱讀考試中。
一、託福 閱讀利用上下文線索猜測詞義
1、根據同義、反義關係猜詞
Today' s teenagers seem to be more liberal in their ideas than their _______ grandparents.
A. freethinking B. traditional C. old D. happy
traditional與liberal意思相反，故選B。
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2、根據句意或段落文章的上、下文猜測詞義
Klebold and Harris felt _______ and wanted to revenge against those who disliked playing
together with them or laughed at them.
A. discouraged B. ashamed C. tired D. separated
根據下文的disliked playing together with them判斷此處應爲“感到孤立”，故選D。
託福閱讀真題訓練1
The most thoroughly studied cases of deception strategies employed by ground-nesting birds involve plovers, small birds that typically nest on beaches or in open fields, their nests merely scrapes in the sand or earth. Plovers also have an effective repertoire of tricks for distracting potential nest predators from their exposed and defenseless eggs or chicks.
The ever-watchful plover can detect a possible threat at a considerable distance. When she does, the nesting bird moves inconspicuously off the nest to a spot well away from eggs or chicks. At this point she may use one of several ploys. One technique involves first moving quietly toward an approaching animal and then setting off noisily through the grass or brush in a low, crouching run away from the nest, while emitting rodent like squeaks. The effect mimics a scurrying mouse or vole, and the behavior rivets the attention of the type of predators that would also be interested in eggs and chicks.
Another deception begins with quiet movement to an exposed and visible location well away from the nest. Once there, the bird pretends to incubate a brood. When the predator approaches, the parent flees, leaving the false nest to be searched. The direction in which the plover escapes is such that if the predator chooses to follow, it will be led still further away from the true nest.
The plover's most famous stratagem is the broken-wing display, actually a continuum of injury-mimicking behaviors spanning the range from slight disability to near-complete helplessness. One or both wings are held in an abnormal position, suggesting injury. The bird appears to be attempting escape along an irregular route that indicates panic. In the most extreme version of the display, the bird flaps one wing in an apparent attempt to take to the air, flops over helplessly, struggles back to its feet, runs away a short distance, seemingly attempts once more to take off, flops over again as the useless wing fails to provide any lift, and so on. Few predators fail to pursue such obviously vulnerable prey. Needless to say, each short run between flight attempts is directed away from the nest.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The nest-building techniques of plovers
(B) How predators search for plovers
(C) The strategies used by plovers to deceive predators
(D) Why plovers are vulnerable to predators
2. The word merely in fine 3 is closest in meaning to
(A) often
(B) only
(C) usually
(D) at first
3. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage about plovers?
(A) Their eggs and chicks are difficult to find.
(B) They are generally defenseless when away from their nests.
(C) They are slow to react in dangerous situations.
(D) Their nests are on the surface of the ground.
4. The word emitting in line 10 is closest in meaning to
(A) bringing
(B) attracting
(C) producing
(D) minimizing
5. In the deception technique described in paragraph 2, the plover tries to
(A) stay close to her nest
(B) attract the predator's attention
(C) warn other plovers of danger
(D) frighten the approaching predator
6. The word spanning in line 19 is closest in meaning to
(A) covering
(B) selecting
(C) developing
(D) explaining
7. According to paragraph 4, which of the following aspects of the plover's behavior gives the
appearance that it is frightened?
(A) Abnormal body position
(B) Irregular escape route
(C) Unnatural wing movement
(D) Unusual amount of time away from the nest
8. The word pursue in line 25 is closest in meaning to
(A) catch
(B) notice
(C) defend
(D) chase
9. According to the passage , a female plover utilizes all of the following deception techniques
EXCEPT
(A) appearing to be injured
(B) sounding like another animal
(C) pretending to search for prey
(D) pretending to sit on her eggs
10. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage ?
(A) A description of the sequence of steps involved in plovers nest building
(B) A generalization about plover behavior followed by specific examples
(C) A comparison and contrast of the nesting behavior of plovers and other ground nesting birds
(D) A cause-and-effect analysis of the relationship between a prey and a predator
PASSAGE 63 CBDCB ABDCB
託福閱讀真題訓練2
PASSAGE 64
What unusual or unique biological trait led to the remarkable diversification and unchallenged success of the ants for ever 50 million years? The answer appears to be that they were the first group of predatory eusocial insects that both lived and foraged primarily in the soil and in rotting vegetation on the ground. Eusocial refers to a form of insect society characterized by specialization of tasks and cooperative care of the young; it is rare among insects. Richly organized colonies of the land made possible by eusociality enjoy several key advantages over solitary individuals.
Under most circumstances groups of workers are better able to forage for food and defend the nest, because they can switch from individual to group response and back again swiftly and according to need. When a food object or nest intruder is too large for one individual to handle, nestmates can be quickly assembled by alarm or recruitment signals. Equally important is the fact that the execution of multiple-step tasks is accomplished in a series-parallel sequence. That is, individual ants can specialize in particular steps, moving from one object (such as a larva to be fed) to another (a second larva to be fed). They do not need to carry each task to completion from start to finish — for example, to check the larva first, then collect the food, then feed the larva. Hence, if each link in the chain has many workers in attendance, a series directed at any particular object is less likely to fail. Moreover, ants specializing in particular labor categories typically constitute a caste specialized by age or body form or both. There has been some documentation of the superiority in performance and net energetic yield of various castes for their modal tasks, although careful experimental studies are still relatively few.
What makes ants unusual in the company of eusocial insects is the fact that they are the only eusocial predators (predators are animals that capture and feed on other animals) occupying the soil and ground litter. The eusocial termites live in the same places as ants and also have wingless workers, but they feed almost exclusively on dead vegetation.
1. Which of the following questions does the passage primarily answer?
(A) How do individual ants adapt to specialized tasks?
(B) What are the differences between social and solitary insects?
(C) Why are ants predators?
(D) Why have ants been able to thrive for such a long time?
2. The word unique in line 1 is closest in meaning to
(A) inherited
(B) habitual
(C) singular
(D) natural
3. The word rotting in line 4 is closest in meaning to
(A) decaying
(B) collected
(C) expanding
(D) cultivated
4. The word key in line 7 is closest in meaning to
(A) uncommon
(B) important
(C) incidental
(D) temporary
5. According to the passage , one thing eusocial insects can do is rapidly switch from
(A) one type of food consumption to another
(B) one environment to another
(C) a solitary task to a group task
(D) a defensive to an offensive stance
6. The task of feeding larvae is mentioned in the passage to demonstrate
(A) the advantages of specialization
(B) the type of food that larvae are fed
(C) the ways ant colonies train their young for adult tasks
(D) the different stages of ant development
7. The author uses the word Hence in line 16 to indicate
(A) a logical conclusion
(B) the next step in a senes of steps
(C) a reason for further study
(D) the relationship among ants
8. All of the following terms art defined in the passage EXCEPT
(A) eusocial (line 3)
(B) series-parallel sequence (line 13)
(C) caste (line 19)
(D) predators (line 23)
9. The word they in line 25 refers to
(A) termites
(B) ants
(C) places
(D) predators
10. It can be inferred from the passage that one main difference between termites and ants is
that termites
(A) live above ground
(B) are eusocial
(C) protect their nests
(D) eat almost no animal substances
PASSAGE 64 DCABC AACAD
