醫學中英文對照文章

隨着信息化社會的高速發展,國民的健康意識不斷提高,我國借鑑發達國家先進的健康管理經驗,初步形成了具有一定中國國情的健康管理模式,國民參與健康管理的意識大大增強。下面是本站小編帶來的醫學中英文對照文章，歡迎閱讀!

醫學中英文對照文章1

美國科學家研究“起死回生術”

A groundbreaking trial to see if it is possible to regenerate the brains of dead people, has won approval from health watchdogs.

探究死者大腦能否重獲新生的開創性實驗已獲衛生監管部門批准可以開展。

A biotech company in the US has been granted ethical permission to recruit 20 patients who have been declared clinically dead from a traumatic brain injury, to test whether parts of their central nervous system can be brought back to life.

美國一家生物科技公司獲得倫理許可，將招募20位因腦創傷被宣佈臨牀死亡的病人，用於測試他們的部分中樞神經系統能否被複蘇。

Scientists will use a combination of therapies, which include injecting the brain with stem cells and a cocktail of peptides, as well as deploying lasers and nerve stimulation techniques which have been shown to bring patients out of comas.

科學家們將合用多種治療方法，包括給大腦注入幹細胞和混合多肽，以及利用激光和神經刺激技術等等。激光神經刺激技術此前被證實能讓病人從昏迷中甦醒。

The trial participants will have been certified dead and only kept alive through life support. They will be monitored for several months using brain imaging equipment to look for signs of regeneration, particularly in the upper spinal cord - the lowest region of the brain stem which controls independent breathing and heartbeat.

接受試驗者必須已經被確認爲死亡，只靠生命維持設備維持生命體徵。研究者將通過大腦成像設備進行幾個月的監測，尋找重生信號，特別是在高位脊髓區域。高位脊髓是腦幹的最低部位，它控制着獨立呼吸和心跳。

The team believes that the brain stem cells may be able to erase their history and re-start life again, based on their surrounding tissue – a process seen in the animal kingdom in creatures like salamanders who can regrow entire limbs.

研究團隊相信，基於周圍組織，腦幹細胞也許可以抹去歷史，重啓生命。這樣的過程經常見於動物王國，比如像娃娃魚這樣的生物就可以重新長出完好的肢幹。

Dr Ira Pastor, the CEO of Bioquark Inc. said: “This represents the first trial of its kind and another step towards the eventual reversal of death in our lifetime.

“Bioquark”公司執行總裁艾拉·帕斯特博士說：“這是人類首次進行此類實驗，是我們在有生之年逆轉死亡的又一次嘗試。

"We just received approval for our first 20 subjects and we hope to start recruiting patients immediately from this first site – we are working with the hospital now to identify families where there may be a religious or medical barrier to organ donation.

“我們剛得到批准，可以先對20位受試者進行試驗，我們希望能立刻開始招募病人，就從這裏的第一個試驗地點開始着手——我們現在正與院方攜手，看看哪些家庭可能由於宗教或醫療限制不能捐獻器官。

"To undertake such a complex initiative, we are combining biologic regenerative medicine tools with other existing medical devices typically used for stimulation of the central nervous system, in patients with other severe disorders of consciousness.

“爲了開展如此複雜的試驗，我們將運用生物再生醫學方法，並結合其它通常用於刺激中樞神經系統的醫療手段，治療患有其它嚴重意識障礙的病人。

"We hope to see results within the first two to three months."

“我們希望在兩三個月內看到結果。”

The ReAnima Project has just received approval in India, and the team plans to start recruiting patients immediately.

這項重生計劃也剛在印度獲得批准，研究團隊計劃立即開始招募病人。

The first stage, named 'First In Human Neuro-Regeneration & Neuro-Reanimation' will be a non-randomised, single group 'proof of concept' and will take place at Anupam Hospital in Rudrapur, Uttarakhand India.

此研究的第一階段——“人類首次神經復甦和再生”，將會是一組非隨機的“概念驗證”，試驗將在印度北阿坎德邦盧德拉普爾的安努帕姆醫院進行。

The peptides will be administered into the spinal cord daily via a pump, with the stem cells given bi-weekly, over the course of a 6 week period.

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Dr Pastor added: "It is a long term vision of ours that a full recovery in such patients is a possibility, although that is not the focus of this first study – but it is a bridge to that eventuality."

帕斯特博士補充說：“我們認爲，從長遠來看，這樣的病人是有可能完全復甦的。儘管我們第一次試驗還達不到這樣的目標，但卻是最終實現這一目標的橋樑。”

Brain stem death is when a person no longer has any brain stem functions, and has permanently lost the potential for consciousness and the capacity to breathe.

如果一個人的腦幹不再有任何功能，並永久失去了恢復意識和恢復呼吸的可能，就算腦幹死亡。

A person is confirmed as being dead when their brain stem function is permanently lost.

如果一個人永久喪失了腦幹功能，就被臨牀確認爲死亡。

However, although brain dead humans are technically no longer alive, their bodies can often still circulate blood, digest food, excrete waste, balance hormones, grow, sexually mature, heal wounds, spike a fever, and gestate and deliver a baby.

然而，儘管從技術上講，腦死亡的人已經死了，但他們的身體通常還能進行血液循環、消化食物、排泄廢物、平衡荷爾蒙、生長、性成熟、癒合傷口、抑制發燒、懷孕和生小孩。

Recent studies have also suggested that some electrical activity and blood flow continues after brain cell death, just not enough to allow for the whole body to function.

最近的研究也表明，腦細胞死亡後，腦電活動和血液流通仍在繼續，只不過還不足以作用於整個身體。

And while human beings lack substantial regenerative capabilities in the central nervous system, many non-human species, such as amphibians and certain fish, can repair, regenerate and remodel substantial portions of their brain and brain stem even after critical life-threatening trauma.

儘管人類中樞神經系統中缺少強勁的重生能力，但很多非人類物種，比如兩棲動物和某些魚類，甚至在大腦受到威脅生命的嚴重創傷之後，仍然可以自我修復、新生並重建大腦和腦幹的很多部分。

“Through our study, we will gain unique insights into the state of human brain death, which will have important connections to future therapeutic development for other severe disorders of consciousness, such as coma, and the vegetative and minimally conscious states, as well as a range of degenerative CNS conditions, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease,” added Dr Sergei Paylian, Founder, President, and Chief Science Officer of Bioquark Inc.

“Bioquark”公司創始人、總裁兼首席科學官謝爾蓋·佩林博士說：“通過這項獨特的研究，我們可以深入瞭解人類大腦死亡的狀況，對今後治療其它嚴重意識障礙有重要影響，比如昏迷、植物狀態、阿爾茲海默和帕金森等一系列中樞神經系統退化問題。”

Commenting on the trial, Dr Dean Burnett, a neuroscientist at the Cardiff University’s Centre for Medical Education said: “While there have been numerous demonstrations in recent years that the human brain and nervous system may not be as fixed and irreparable as is typically assumed, the idea that brain death could be easily reversed seems very far-fetched, given our current abilities and understanding of neuroscience.

卡迪夫大學醫學教育中心神經科學家迪恩·伯內特博士這樣評論此次試驗：“近年來，儘管很多證據都表明人類大腦和神經系統也許不像人們通常設想的那樣不可更改、難以修復，但是，鑑於我們現有的能力和對神經科學的理解，‘大腦死亡能被輕易扭轉’的這個想法仍然是非常不着邊際的。”

"Saving individual parts might be helpful but it's a long way from resurrecting a whole working brain, in a functional, undamaged state."

“修復某幾個部分也許還有可能，但要復活整個大腦，使其功能運轉正常、完好無損，還有很長的路要走。”

醫學中英文對照文章2

警惕：洞洞鞋的健康危機!

Most people have a love-hate relationship with Crocs(洞洞鞋). The rubbery(有彈力的)slip-ons first hit the market in 2002 as boat shoes by a maker in Boulder, Colo. Since then, the company has expanded to include more than 300 different styles, including boots, balletflats(平底鞋), wedges(坡跟鞋), and loafers(羅浮鞋).

許多人對洞洞鞋可謂又愛又恨。2002年科羅拉多州博爾德的一家制鞋商推出了洞洞鞋，從此一發不可收拾，如今該公司旗下的洞洞鞋已有包括靴式，芭蕾舞平底鞋式，坡跟鞋式和羅浮鞋式在內的300多個樣式。

But many have been left wondering whether the spongy(海綿式的) shoes are really good for their feet.

許多人都心存疑慮：穿着這海綿式的鞋對腳是好是壞?

“Unfortunately, Crocs are not suitable for all-day use,” Megan Leahy, DPM, a Chicago-basedpodiatrist(足病醫生) with the Illinois Bone and Joint Institute, tells the Huffington Post. “These shoes do not adequately secure the heel. When the heel is unstable, toes tend to grip, which can lead to tendinitis, worsening of toe deformities(畸形), nail problems, corns, andcalluses(繭). The same thing can happen with flip-flops(人字拖) or any backless shoes as the heel is not secured.”

足科醫師Megan 任職於位於芝加哥的伊利諾伊骨科關節研究所。他在接受《赫芬頓郵報》採訪時表示“洞洞鞋無法保護腳後跟。如果腳後跟踩不穩，腳趾就不得不因發力而彎曲，長此以往會使人患上肌腱炎，加重腳趾畸形，腳趾甲也會出現問題，腳掌上會長雞眼，磨出繭子。穿人字拖或者任何沒有足跟保護的鞋都會出現上述問題。”

But what if you get the ones with the back strap( 帶) like Mario Batali’s?

那麼有後帶設計的 Mario Batali牌洞洞鞋呢?

Still no good, says Alex Kor, DPM, president of the American Academy of Podiatric Sports Medicine.

美國足科運動醫學學會會長足科醫學博士Alex Kor給出了否定的答案。

According to Kor, the problem lies in the flexible shank of the shoe — the portion between the heel and 表示真正的問題出在洞洞鞋的前幫部分，即穿鞋人腳趾與腳後跟之間的部分。

“Patients are more likely to have foot pain if their shoes bend in the shank,” Kor tells Huffington Post. “I see patients who come into my office complaining of arch or heel pain, and they are wearing Crocs.”“

如果腳趾彎曲，患者會感到腳痛”Kor告訴《赫芬頓郵報》“和我說足弓或者腳後跟疼的患者都穿着洞洞鞋。”

While both Leahy and Kor are quick to dismiss the all-day wear of Crocs, they do admit that they’re OK for the short term.

Leathy和Kor不建議人們長時間穿洞洞鞋，但短時間穿不會有大問題。

“OK to use for trips to the beach or the pool, but [they] should not be used for long walks,” Leahy says.

Leahy說：“在沙灘或者游泳池穿上一陣沒什麼問題，但不應該穿着洞洞鞋長時間走路。”

醫學中英文對照文章3

寨卡病毒大流行，拉響全球變暖警報

The global public health emergency involving deformed babies emerged in 2015, the hottest year in the historical record, with an outbreak in Brazil of a disease transmitted by heat-loving mosquitoes. Can that be a coincidence?

2015年，全球出現嬰兒畸形的公共衛生緊急情況。這一年也是有史以來最熱的一年。這種由喜熱的蚊子所傳播的疾病在巴西爆發，是否可能只是巧合?

Scientists say it will take them years to figure that out, and pointed to other factors that may have played a larger role in starting the crisis. But these same experts added that the Zika epidemic, as well as the related spread of a disease called dengue that is sickening as many as 100 million people a year and killing thousands, should be interpreted as warnings.

科學家稱，要確定是否屬於巧合需要進行多年的研究。他們指出這次危機可能另有原因。但是，這些專家還補充說，寨卡疫情以及與之相關的登革熱的傳播應該被視爲一種警告。後者一年最多能感染1億人，並造成數以千計的人們死亡。

Over the coming decades, global warming is likely to increase the range and speed the life cycle of the particular mosquitoes carrying these viruses, encouraging their spread deeper into temperate countries like the United States.

在未來幾十年，全球變暖可能造成攜帶這些特殊病毒的蚊子的活動範圍擴大，生命週期加快，進而促使這些疫病向美國等溫帶國家擴展。

Recent research suggests that under a worst-case scenario, involving continued high global emissions coupled with fast population growth, the number of people exposed to the principal mosquito could more than double, to as many as 8 billion or 9 billion by late this century from roughly 4 billion today.

近期的研究表明，最糟糕的一種情況是，隨着全球溫室氣體的大量排放和人口的高速增長，可能接觸到這種蚊子的人口將翻番，目前是40億左右，到本世紀末將多達80億或90億。

“As we get continued warming, it’s going to become more difficult to control mosquitoes,” said Andrew Monaghan, who is studying the interaction of climate and health at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colo. “The warmer it is, the faster they can develop from egg to adult, and the faster they can incubate viruses.”

“隨着全球變暖，控制蚊子將越來越困難。”安德魯·莫納甘(Andrew Monaghan)說。安德魯在科羅拉多州博爾德的美國國家大氣研究中心(National Center for Atmospheric Research)研究氣候與健康的互動關係。“天氣越熱，蚊子從孵化到成年的速度就越快，病毒繁殖的速度也就越快。”

Already, climate change is suspected — though not proven — to have been a factor in a string of disease outbreaks afflicting both people and animals. These include the spread of malaria into the highlands of eastern Africa, the rising incidence of Lyme disease in North America, and the spread of a serious livestock ailment called bluetongue into parts of Europe that were once too cold for it to thrive.

人們懷疑，氣候變化是人畜感染一系列疾病的一個原因，儘管這一點尚未得到證實。這些疾病包括東非高原地區的瘧疾，北美萊姆病的發病率升高，歐洲部分地區的牲畜出現嚴重的藍舌病疫情，那些地區之前因爲太冷，很少出現這些疾病。

In interviews, experts noted that no epidemic was ever the result of a single variable.

在訪談中，專家指出沒有任何一種傳染病僅由一個變量引起的。

Instead, epidemics always involve interactions among genes, ecology, climate and human behavior, presenting profound difficulties for scientists trying to tease apart the contributing factors. “The complexity is enormous,” said Walter J. Tabachnick, a professor with the Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, a unit of the University of Florida in Vero Beach.

相反，傳染病常常涉及基因、生態、氣候、人類行爲等多種因素，所以科學家很難把單個因素分離出來。“原因極爲複雜。”佛羅里達醫學昆蟲學實驗室教授瓦爾特·塔巴奇尼克(Walter J. Tabachnick)說。

The epidemics of Zika and dengue are cases in point. The viruses are being transmitted largely by the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. That creature adapted long ago to live in human settlements, and developed a concomitant taste for human blood.

寨卡和登革熱就是典型的例子。這些病毒主要是由感染黃熱病的伊蚊傳播。這種生物早已適應了在人類聚居地生存，並因此喜好人類的血液。

Cities in the tropics, the climate zone most favorable to the mosquito, have undergone explosive growth: Humanity passed a milestone a few years ago when more than half the population had moved to urban areas. But spending on health care and on basic public health infrastructure, like water pipes and sewers, has not kept pace. Mosquito control has also faltered in recent decades.

熱帶是最適合蚊子生存的氣候帶，而那裏的城市正在迅猛的增長：幾年前人類就跨過了一個里程碑：一半以上的人口已遷居到城市地區。但是公共醫療和公共衛生基礎設施的投入，比如水管和下水道設施，仍是滯後的。近幾十年對蚊子的控制也出現了放鬆。

The mosquito lays its eggs in containers of water, of a sort that are especially common in the huge slums of Latin American cities. With unreliable access to piped water, people there store water in rooftop cisterns, buckets and the like. Old tires and other debris can also become mosquito habitat.

蚊子在盛水的容器中產卵，這種容器在拉丁美洲城市的大型貧民窟中尤其常見。由於沒有可靠的管道用水，那裏的人們會把水存放在屋頂的水箱、水桶和類似的容器中。舊輪胎和其他垃圾也可能成爲蚊子的棲息地。

Water storage near homes is commonplace in areas where Zika has spread rapidly, like the cities of Recife and Salvador in northeastern Brazil, and where dengue experienced a surge in2015, like S漀 Paulo, Brazil’s largest state.

在寨卡病毒迅速傳播的區域，比如巴西東北部城市累西腓和薩爾瓦多，以及2015年出現登革熱病例激增的巴西最大州聖保羅，都有在民宅附近存水的習慣。

Altogether, dengue killed at least 839 people in Brazil in 2015, a 40 percent increase from the previous year. Worldwide, dengue is killing more than 20,000 people a year.

2015年，巴西共有至少839人死於登革熱，比上一年增加40%。而全世界一年有超過2萬人死於登革熱。 多名專家在訪談中稱，疾病爆發的一個主要原因很可能是城市化、人口增長和跨國旅行造成受風險人口增加。他們認爲氣候變化只是壓垮駱駝的最後一根稻草。

Several experts said in interviews that a main reason for the disease outbreaks was most likely the expansion of the number of people at risk, through urbanization, population growth and international travel. They see the changing climate as just another stress on top of a situation that was already rife with peril.

多名專家在採訪中說，疾病爆發的一個主要原因很可能是隨着城市化、人口增長和跨國旅行，面臨風險的人羣擴大了。他們認爲在已經有重重危險的局面中，氣候變化只是其中的一重壓力。

While they do not understand to what degree rising temperatures and other weather shifts may have contributed to the outbreaks, they do understand some of the potential mechanisms.

雖然他們並不知道氣溫升高和其他氣候變化因素，對疫情爆發的作用有多大，但是他們明白其中一些潛在的機制。

The mosquitoes mostly live on flower nectar, but the female of the species needs a meal of human blood to have enough protein to lay her eggs. If she bites a person infected with dengue, Zika or any of several other diseases, she picks up the virus.

蚊子大多以花蜜爲生，但是雌性蚊子爲了產卵，需要吸人血來提供充足的蛋白質。如果它叮了已感染登革熱、寨卡或其他幾種病的人，它就攜帶了該種病毒。

The virus has to reproduce in the mosquito for a certain period before it can be transmitted to another person in a subsequent bite. The higher the air temperature, the shorter that incubation period. Moreover, up to a point, higher temperatures cause the mosquitoes to mature faster.

病毒需要在蚊子的體內繁殖一段時間，才能在下一次叮咬時傳播給他人。溫度越高，病毒繁殖所需的時間就越短。而且在某個限度以內，溫度越高，蚊子的成熟就越快。

With rising temperatures, “You’re actually speeding up the whole reproductive cycle of the mosquitoes,” said Charles B. Beard, who heads a unit in Fort Collins, Colo., studying insect-borne diseases for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta. “You get larger populations, with more generations of mosquitoes, in a warmer, wetter climate. You have this kind of amplification of the risk.”

溫度上升“實際上會加速蚊子的整個繁殖週期，”查爾斯·B·彼爾德(Charles B. Beard)說，“人口增加了，在更潮溼、更炎熱的氣候裏，存活的蚊子世代也增多了，這就放大了風險。”彼爾德領導着一個位於科羅拉多州科林斯堡的團隊，爲亞特蘭大的疾病控制與預防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta)進行昆蟲傳播疾病研究。

In principle, the risk from continued global warming applies not just to temperate countries,but to cities at high altitude in tropical countries. Researchers are keeping a close eye on Mexico City, for instance.

理論上，全球持續變暖所帶來的風險，不僅涉及溫帶國家，還涉及熱帶國家的高海拔城市。比如，研究人員正在密切關注墨西哥城。

With 21 million people in the city and its suburbs, Mexico City is the largest metropolis of the Western Hemisphere. While the lowlands of Mexico are plagued by yellow fever mosquitoes and the viruses they transmit, the country’s capital sits on a mountain plain that has — up to now— been too cold for the mosquitoes.

墨西哥城的城區和郊區一共有2100萬人，它是西半球最大的都市。雖然在墨西哥的低地，感染黃熱病和其他病毒的蚊子到處肆虐，但是墨西哥的首都位於較寒冷的山頂平原，至少目前蚊子還無法在那裏生存。

But temperatures are rising, and the mosquitoes have recently been detected in low numbers near Mexico City.

但是隨着氣溫的升高，墨西哥城附近最近發現了少量的蚊子。

“The mosquito is just down the hill, literally,” Dr. Monaghan said. “I think all the potential is there to have virus transmission if climatic conditions become a bit more suitable.”

“蚊子已經來到山腳下了，”莫納甘博士說。“我覺得只要氣候條件再合適一點，病毒就有可能開始傳播。”