醫學英語文章帶翻譯
當今社會中,不斷更新的科技給我們的生活帶來了更大便利,但是日理萬機的工作和生活的壓力也給我們帶來很多的健康問題。下面是本站小編帶來的醫學英語文章帶翻譯，歡迎閱讀!
醫學英語文章帶翻譯1
椎間盤突出
Unit 2 Text A Herniated Disc (Disc Herniation of the Spine)
第二單元 主題A 椎間盤突出症
Many patients with back pain, leg pain, or weakness of the lower extremity muscles arediagnosed with a herniated disc.
許多患腰腿疼痛，下肢肌端乏力的病患均爲椎間盤突出症。
When a disc herniation occurs, the cushion that sits between the spinal vertebra is pushedoutside its normal position.
椎間盤突出發生時，脊柱間的緩衝帶將發生側突。
A hrniated disc would not be a problem if it weren't for the spinal nerves that are very close tothe edge of these spinal discs.
如果脊神經不是離椎間盤特別近的話，椎間盤突出就不是什麼大問題了。
HOW ARE THE SPINE AND ITS DISCS DESIGNED?
脊柱與椎間盤
The vertebras are the bony building blocks of the spine.
脊椎是建造脊柱的構件。
Between each of the largest parts (bodies) of the vertebrae are the discs.
各椎骨之間爲椎間盤。
Ligaments are situated around the spine and discs.
脊椎和椎間盤周圍散佈着韌帶。
The spine has seven vertebrae in the neck (cervical vertebrae), 12 vertebrae in the mid-back(thoracic vertebrae) , and five vertebrae in the low back (lumbar vertebrae).
頸部有7條椎骨，胸部爲12條，腰部有5條。
In addition, in the mid-buttock, beneath the fifth lumbar vertebra, is the sacrum, followed bythe tailbone (coccyx)
此外，在臀部中央，第五條腰椎下面爲薦骨，再往下是尾骨。
The bony spine is designed so that vertebrae "stacke" together can provide a movable supportstructure while also protecting the spinal cord ( nervous tissue that extends down the spinalcolumn from the brain) from injury.
椎骨之間“層層疊加”，支撐身體移動構架，並保護脊髓(大腦神經組織在脊柱的延伸)。
Each vertebra has a spinous process, which is a bony prominence behind the spinal cord thatshields the cord s nerve tissue.
每個椎體都有一個棘突，即位於脊髓後方、保護脊髓神經組織的骨性突起。
The vertebrae also have a strong bony "body" in front of the spinal cord to provide a platformsuitable for weight-bearing.
脊髓外部爲椎骨，椎骨是人體的負重部位。
The discs are pads that serve as "cushions" between the vertebral bodies that serve tominimize the impact of movement on the spinal column.
椎間盤充當各椎體間的“襯墊”，椎體的作用是承受負重，將脊柱壓力減到最小。
Each disc is designed like a jelly donut with a central softer component ( nucleus pulposus).
椎間盤就像果凍甜甜圈，中間爲軟組織髓核。
Ligaments are strong fibrous soft tissues that firmly attach bones to bones.
韌帶由極具彈性的纖維軟組織組成，連接骨與骨。
Ligaments attach each of the vertebrae and surround each of the discs.
韌帶與每條椎骨相連，並附着在椎間盤周圍。
When ligaments are injured as the disc degenerates, localized pain in the area affected canresult.
隨着椎間盤退行性變，韌帶損傷，疼痛在所難免。
WHAT IS THE SPINAL DISC?
什麼是椎間盤
The spinal disc is a soft cushion that sits between each vertebra of the spine.
各椎體之間存在着充當“緩衝墊”的椎間盤。
This spinal disc becomes more rigid with age.
隨着年齡增長，椎間盤出現僵化。
In a young individual, the disc is soft and elastic, but like so many other structures in the body,the disc gradually looses its elasticity and is more vulnerable to injury.
對於年輕人而言，椎間盤柔軟既富彈性，像其它部位一樣，椎間盤也會逐漸失去彈性，受傷風險增加。
In fact, even in individuals as young as 30, MRIs show evidence of disc deterioration in about30% of people.
事實上，根據核磁共振顯示，像30歲年輕人，椎間盤的退行性變比例達30%。
醫學英語文章帶翻譯2
蟑螂奶未來或成爲超級食品
An international team of scientists has just sequenced a protein crystal located in the midgut of cockroaches. The reason?
最近，一個國際科學家團隊確定了蟑螂中腸內的蛋白質晶體的結構序列。爲什麼要研究這個?
It’s more than four times as nutritious as cow’s milk and, the researchers think it could be the key to feeding our growing population in the future.
因爲它的營養價值是牛奶的四倍多。研?a href="">咳嗽比銜諶絲誆歡顯齔さ慕矗肽炭梢猿晌死嗟鬧匾澄鎩?/p>
Although most cockroaches don’t actually produce milk, Diploptera punctate, which is the only known cockroach to give birth to live young, has been shown to pump out a type of ‘milk’ containing protein crystals to feed its babies.
儘管大多數蟑螂自身並不產奶，但有一種斑點折翅類蟑螂，是目前已知的唯一一種胎生蟑螂，它會分泌出一種含有蛋白質晶體的“奶”來餵養下一代。
The fact that an insect produces milk is pretty fascinating – but what fascinated researchers is the fact that a single one of these protein crystals contains more than three times the amount of energy found in an equivalent amount of buffalo milk (which is also higher in calories then dairy milk).
昆蟲產奶這一事實本身已十分有趣，但更讓研究者感興趣的是一份蛋白質晶體中所含的能量是相同重量的水牛奶的三倍(所含熱量也比相同重量的牛奶多)。
Clearly milking a cockroach isn’t the most feasible option, so an international team of scientists headed by researchers from the Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine in India decided to sequence the genes responsible for producing the milk protein crystals to see if they could somehow replicate them in the lab.
顯然，要像擠牛奶一樣擠蟑螂的“奶”並不是個切實可行的方法，所以這個國際科學家團隊就決定測定控制產生蛋白質晶體的基因序列，嘗試在實驗室內複製這組基因。該團隊的領頭人是印度幹細胞生物學和再生醫學研究院的研究人員。
"The crystals are like a complete food - they have proteins, fats and sugars. If you look into the protein sequences, they have all the essential amino acids," said Sanchari Banerjee, one of the team, in an interview with the Times of India.
其中一名隊員桑賈利·班納吉在《印度時報》的採訪中說道：“這些晶體就像完整的食物，有蛋白質、脂肪還有糖分。如果你仔細研究蛋白質序列，還會發現它們含有一切必不可少的氨基酸。”
Not only is the milk a dense source of calories and nutrients, it’s also time released. As the protein in the milk is digested, the crystal releases more protein at an equivalent rate to continue the digestion.
蟑螂奶不僅富含熱量和營養物質，同時也具有時間控釋性的。當奶中的蛋白質被消化，晶體會相應地釋放出等量的蛋白質來繼續被消化。
"It’s time-released food," said Subramanian Ramaswamy, who led the project. "if you need food that is calorifically high, that is time released and food that is complete. This is it."
研究負責人薩布拉馬年·拉馬斯瓦米說：“這是時間控釋性的食物。如果你需要高熱量、具有時間控釋性並且營養全面的食物，那麼非它莫屬了。”
It’s important to point out that this dense protein source is definitely never going to be for those trying to lose weight, and probably isn’t even required for most western diets, where we are already eating too many calories per day.
需要指出的是，這種高蛋白質的食物並不適合想要減肥的人，也不適合大多數西方人的飲食，因爲西方人每天已經攝入了太多的卡路里。
But for those who struggle to get the amount of calories required per day, this could be a quick and easy way to get calories and nutrients.
但是對於那些每天努力要獲得足夠熱量的人來說，這將是他們獲取熱量和營養快捷而簡單的方式。
"They're very stable. They can be a fantastic protein supplement," said Ramaswamy.
拉馬斯瓦米說：“它們十分穩定，將會是極好的蛋白質補充物。”
Now the researchers have the sequence, they are hoping to get yeast to produce the crystal in much larger quantities- making it slightly more efficient (and less gross) than extracting crystals from cockroach’s guts.
目前科學家們已經測定出了結構序列，他們希望用酵母大量生產這種蛋白質晶體，相比直接從蟑螂腸中獲取能更有效率一點，也比較不會令人噁心。
醫學英語文章帶翻譯3
“超級基因”將使人類不再患病
The study of nearly 600,000 people found 13 who should have developed debilitating diseases, but did not.
在這項基於60萬人的醫學研究中，科學家發現有13人本應該患有衰弱性疾病，但是卻並沒有任何跡象顯示他們曾有過類似病史。
The hope is discovering what, against the odds, keeps them healthy and if that could lead to new therapies.
鑑於這樣有這樣的情況存在，科學家們希望弄明白到底是什麼原因使得他們能夠保持健康，並且研究是否有可能因此開發出新的治療手段。
Experts said the approach, published in Nature Biotechnology, was "fascinating" but that it was still early days.
專家表示，《自然生物技術》上發表的這種研究方法非常“令人着迷”，但就目前的研究成果來說，下結論還爲時尚早。
Errors in our code of life - our DNA - can cause disease.
如果我們的生命代碼DNA出錯了的話，我們就會得病。
Large numbers of studies have tried to understand these mutations by looking at people who become ill.
許多研究都希望通過觀察病人來試圖瞭解基因突變。
But the international team of researchers tried the opposite approach - searching for people harbouring damaging mutations but who remain healthy.
但這支由各國科學家組成的團隊卻另闢蹊徑。他們研究那些本該因爲嚴重基因突變而患病，但是卻仍然健康的人。
"Millions of years of evolution have produced far more protective mechanisms than we currently understand," said Dr Eric Schadt from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York.
紐約西奈山醫院伊坎醫學院的Eric Schadt博士說：“數百萬年的進化使得人類的身體擁有了許多保護機制，而我們目前對此還知之甚少。”
He added: "Most genomic studies focus on finding the cause of a disease, but we see tremendous opportunity in figuring out what keeps people healthy."
他還說道：“大多數基因組學的研究都致力於尋找致病原因，但我們卻另闢蹊徑找到了另外一個具有重要意義的研究方向--即探究到底是什麼原因使得人類能夠保持健康。”
The researchers scoured DNA databases containing information on 589,306 people.
這項研究的數據來源於一個擁有589306個樣本的DNA信息數據庫。
They found 13 healthy people who should have developed one of eight genetic diseases: cystic fibrosis, Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, familial dysautonomia, epidermolysis bullosa simplex, Pfeiffer syndrome, autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome, acampomelic campomelic dysplasia and atelosteogenesis.
科學家們發現樣本中有13個人雖然健康，但從DNA信息來看，他們本應該患有遺傳病。從基因信息來看，他們曾經有可能患上8種不同的遺傳病，包括囊性纖維化、史密斯-雷凌-奧匹茲綜合徵、家族性自主神經功能異常、單純型大皰性表皮鬆解、斐弗綜合徵、自身免疫性多內分泌腺病綜合徵、軀幹發育異常症和骨發育不全症。
The report said the diseases were so severe that it was "highly unlikely that such an individual would have manifested the disease without it being clearly annotated in their health records".
研究報告稱這些疾病是如此的嚴重以至於“完全沒有病人患上此類疾病而沒有在健康記錄上清楚地記載的可能性。”
Prof Stephen Friend, from the Icahn School of Medicine, said: "Finding these individuals is a starting point to searching for the other changes, eg in the genome, that might give us clues to develop therapies.
來自伊坎醫學院的史蒂芬·佛倫德教師說道：“這些個體案例的發現爲我們指出了另外一個研究方向，我們開始對諸如基因組等對象進行研究，希望發現使得他們保持健康的原因。並且探尋是否有可能據此開發出新的治療手段。”
"Study the healthy, don’t just study the sick."
“我們應該研究人們保持健康的原因，而不僅僅執着於尋找到底是什麼原因使人得病。”
However, this is where the tantalising story ends. The scientists were unable to go out and find the lucky 13 because of the consent rules signed when their DNA sample was taken.
但這項前景無限的研究卻無法再進行下去了。科學家們無法找出那13名幸運的人，因爲他們在捐獻DNA信息的時候曾簽署保密協議，數據庫不得泄露捐獻人的個人信息。
It means they do not know what is protecting them against disease.
這意味着無法弄清楚到底是什麼原因使得他們能夠保持健康。
It also leaves the team unable to prove that errors in testing, bad record keeping or mosaicism - in which the genetic defect affects only some cells in the body - are not behind their findings.
同時，這也使得這項研究無法在邏輯上成立。因爲科學家們無法證明他們的研究結果是否是因爲錯誤或者不當保存的DNA信息，又或者僅僅是因爲遺傳缺陷只對部分細胞起作用的“嵌合現象。”
"Because of the inability to confirm the source or validity of the variants and the inability to recontact the individuals, this paper does not constitute a proof of principle," Dr Ada Hamosh, from Johns Hopkins University, argued.
來自約翰霍普斯金大學的艾達·哈米什教授說道：“由於這項研究不能確認數據的來源或者基因突變樣本的有效性，同時也不能和數據樣本再聯繫以進行後續研究，所以這篇論文在理論證明上缺少證據。”
And while Dr Scott Hebbring, from the University of Wisconsin, described the study as "fascinating" he also cautioned that diseases can present very differently even between patients that have same mutations.
而對來自威士康星大學的斯科特教授來說，儘管這項研究非常“令人着迷”，但他也強調到，即使是具有相同基因突變的病人，他們的病發症狀也可能會顯著不同。
Some may have few symptoms at all.
有些人可能根本不會顯現出任何症狀。
