管理學碩士MiM侵蝕MBA的市場

It was when Parul Dubey was studying for her electrical engineering degree in India that she read about London Business School’s plans to launch a masters in management (MiM) degree for recent graduates.

帕魯•杜貝(Parul Dubey)是在印度攻讀電子工程學學位時，看到了倫敦商學院(London Business School)爲近期畢業的大學生提供管理學碩士（Masters in Management，簡稱MiM）項目的計劃。

Dubey had already began to question her future career. “I realised the engineering lifestyle wasn’t a good fit for me,” she recalls, so she applied to LBS for its first MiM class, which started in 2009. On graduating from LBS she got her first job, working in London for Pimco, the investment management company.

當時杜貝已經開始對自己未來的職業生涯產生疑問。“我意識到工程師的生活方式並不是特別適合自己，”她回憶道。於是，她當時申請了倫敦商學院2009年開始的第一期MiM項目。從倫敦商學院畢業後，她在倫敦的太平洋投資管理公司(PIMCO)找到了自己的第一份工作。

But that is not the end of Dubey’s business education story. Today, four years later, she is halfway through her two-year MBA programme at Harvard Business School.

杜貝的商科學習之旅並未止步於此。4年後的今天，她參加的哈佛商學院(Harvard Business School)爲期2年的MBA項目已經唸完了一半。

As MiM degrees have flourished over the past decade, one of the biggest fears of business schools that run both MBA and MiM degrees has been that the MiM degree for younger students will cannibalise the market for MBAs. Dubey’s tale would suggest otherwise and her story is not unusual, says Leila Guerra, executive director of early-career programmes at LBS.

隨着MiM學位在過去10年中逐漸興盛起來，同時提供MBA項目和MiM項目的商學院最大的擔憂是，爲更年輕的學生們準備的MiM項目會侵蝕MBA項目的市場。倫敦商學院早期職業項目（early-career programme，針對想要提升自己的職場初級員工的項目——譯者注）的執行主管利拉•格拉(Leila Guerra)表示，杜貝的經歷完全打破了這種擔憂，而且她的例子並不罕見。

Even though LBS is just graduating its fourth class, Guerra reports that alumni from the programme have already signed up to study for MBAs at several top business schools, including Wharton, Chicago Booth, Stanford and Insead. “In 2009 the value of the MiM was really discussed in the school and by alumni,” says Guerra. “Now everyone sees the value.”

雖然倫敦商學院第四期MiM項目的學生纔剛剛畢業，格拉表示已有該項目的畢業生報名攻讀多所頂級商學院的MBA項目，包括沃頓商學院(Wharton Business School)、芝加哥大學(University of Chicago)布斯商學院(Booth School of Business)、斯坦福大學商學院(Stanford Business School)和歐洲工商管理學院(INSEAD)。“在2009年，MiM的價值事實上只在學校裏和校友間被談及，”格拉說，“現在每個人都看到了它的價值。”

Though the growth in the European market for such degrees is beginning to plateau, there is increasing demand in Asia-Pacific, South America, Africa and even the US, the home of the MBA. Some of the country’s big-brand schools – Fuqua, Kellogg, Michigan Ross, MIT Sloan and Notre Dame – are among the 50 or so US business schools that already run MiMs, and others are looking closely at the model.

儘管在歐洲市場，MiM學位項目的發展已進入了平臺期，但在亞太、南美、非洲乃至MBA的發源地美國，人們對MiM的需求正在增長。美國已有約50家商學院開始提供MiM項目，其中包括一些著名商學院，比如杜克大學(Duke University)富卡商學院(Fuqua)、西北大學(Northwestern University)凱洛格商學院(Kellogg School)、密歇根大學(Michigan)羅斯商學院(Ross)、麻省理工學院(MIT)斯隆管理學院(Sloan)和聖母大學(University of Notre Dame)門多薩商學院(Mendoza)；其他商學院也在密切關注這個模式。

One of the biggest problems in the US is that recruiters and employers, seasoned MBA recruiters, find it hard to understand the value of the MiM. LBS, together with Kellogg and Duke in the US and IE in Spain, have set up the International Masters in Management Association, to help promote the degree.

美國最大的問題是，招聘官、僱主、以及資深的MBA招生人員感到很難理解MiM的價值所在。倫敦商學院、美國的凱洛格商學院和杜克大學富卡商學院、以及西班牙企業學院(IE)，共同創立了國際MiM協會(International Masters in Management Association)，以推廣這一項目。

“Because the MiM market is very young, it is very collaborative,” Guerra points out. “We need to do what we did in the European market 10 or 15 years ago so that companies and recruiters understand the value of MiM graduates.”

“因爲MiM的市場纔剛誕生，我們需要通力合作。”格拉指出，“我們必須做我們10年或者15年前在歐洲市場做的事情，以便使企業和招聘人員理解MiM畢業生的價值。”

At the Kellogg school at Northwestern University near Chicago, associate dean Betsy Ziegler believes the MiM presents a compelling proposition for recruiters. “The reason we are so excited about this is that these kids will be wildly productive and high-performing in the workplace.”

在臨近芝加哥的西北大學凱洛格商學院，副院長貝齊•齊格勒(Betsy Ziegler)認爲，招聘人員會把MiM當作一個有力的加分項。“我們對此感到非常興奮的原因是，這些孩子在工作中將成果顯著、業績斐然。”

The first two classes of the Kellogg MiM have been restricted to Northwestern undergraduates. However, from July 2015 the programme will also be open to graduates from a handful of top universities. “We have proved the concept; now we will introduce it to other universities,” says Ziegler. At Kellogg, MiM graduates will be able to enter the second year of the MBA directly.

凱洛格商學院的頭兩期MiM班僅限西北大學的本科生報名。然而，從2015年7月起，這個項目還會向其他幾所頂級大學的畢業生開放。“我們已經證明了這個計劃是可行的；現在我們會向其他大學推介它，”齊格勒說。在凱洛格商學院，MiM畢業生在讀MBA時能夠直接從二年級讀起。

Though a fledgling degree compared with the MBA, the MiM is already evolving, with business schools adapting to a rapidly changing market for business graduates. Recruiters are looking for graduates with an increasingly sophisticated attitude to world markets and the ability to work in a number of countries, says Jean Charroin, director of French business school Audencia Nantes. “Our students from developing countries won’t be placed in their native country but will work in other countries.”

儘管與MBA相比，MiM還是一個剛剛起步的項目，但商學院爲讓商科畢業生適應迅速變化的市場，已經開始對MiM項目進行調整。法國南特商學院(Audencia Nantes Business School)院長讓•沙魯安(Jean Charroin)說，招聘官眼下想要招的，是對世界市場的理解更加深刻、能在多個國家工作的畢業生。“我們來自發展中國家的學生不會回到他們的祖國工作，而是會在其他國家工作。”

Languages are critical, he continues, with recruiters often looking for graduates who speak three. “It is not enough that someone speaks English. They have to have the mindset to work in different cultures. They must be able to adapt to different contexts,” he says.

語言至關重要，他繼續補充說，招聘官往往想招會說三國語言的畢業生。他說：“只會說英語還不夠。他們得具備在不同文化下工作的思維模式，得能適應不同環境。”

Double-degree programmes are increasingly popular – Fudan University in China and LBS recently announced a two-year programme in which participants spend one year in London and one year in Shanghai. MIT Sloan also runs a double-degree programme with a number of partner schools, such as ESCP Europe. The selected participants spend one year at ESCP and one at MIT, studying on either Sloan’s master of science in management studies (MSMS) or its master of finance.

雙學位項目變得越來越受歡迎。中國的復旦大學和倫敦商學院最近宣佈開辦一個爲期兩年的項目，參加者1年在倫敦學習，1年在上海學習。麻省理工學院斯隆管理學院也和一些合作院校共同推出了雙學位項目，比如巴黎高等商業學院-歐洲管理學院(ESCP Europe)。被選中的參加者會在ESCP學習1年，在麻省理工學習1年，攻讀斯隆管理學院的管理理學碩士(master of science in management studies, MSMS)或金融學碩士(master of finance)。

Many French students want to go to the US, because they want to work there, says Léon Laulusa, ESCP’s vice-dean for international development, but he concedes that the cost of the one-year MIT programmes will deter many – the fees start at $60,000.

ESCP負責國際發展的副院長萊昂•洛呂薩(Léon Laulusa)說，許多法國學生想去美國學習，因爲他們想在美國工作。但他承認爲期1年的麻省理工項目的費用會讓許多人望而卻步，最低費用就達到6萬美元。

For Parul Dubey, LBS and Harvard have provided very different experiences and opportunities. “I believe I got the best of both worlds. LBS is in London, the financial capital of the world, and the business school is much more diverse. Harvard is a very different value-add,” she says. “The case method has taught me to be a better listener. It has enabled me to put forward an argument and defend it in a class of people.”

對帕魯•杜貝來說，倫敦商學院和哈佛商學院提供了截然不同的經歷和機會。“我認爲，兩邊的好處我都享受到了，兩邊的不足都沒有影響到我。倫敦商學院位於世界金融首都倫敦，這個商學院要多元化得多。哈佛商學院的長項則完全不同，”她說，“案例學習法教我如何做一個更好的傾聽者，讓我能夠在一羣人面前提出一個觀點併爲之辯護。”

But the degree that has given her the biggest career opportunity has been the MiM, she says. “The MiM gave me the space, time, the geography and resources to move into finance and to London.”

但她表示，在職業機會方面對她幫助最大的是MiM。“MiM給了我空間、時間，以及進入金融業和來到倫敦的地利和資源。”