十大怪誕的睡眠障礙症狀(上)

Sometimes we don't get enough, sometimes too much, and others we get just the right amount; but everyone needs sleep and no one can avoid it for too long. It is the single best way way to refresh the body and to relieve daily stress and tension. There's nothing better than being able to lie in a nice bed at night after a long day drift into a peaceful sleep. While we all do it, it is very complex in its own nature, being classified into four stages and two types, REM sleep and NREM sleep. During sleep the brain is extremely active, as we dream. However, while some of us dream, others have to deal with a variety of sleep disorders. Sleep disorders are common, and you've probably heard of many, but here are some weird sleep disorders that may open your eyes. So relax and enjoy a top 10 list of bizarre sleep disorders. Don't let them keep you up at night.

無論睡眠時間多久，每個人都必須睡覺。睡眠是重新激發身體活力和釋放日常壓力的最好方式。在一天的奔波忙碌後能躺在舒適的牀上進入夢鄉，真是世上最棒的事情。我們對睡眠看似熟悉，其實不然，睡眠的本質十分複雜，它包含四個階段，可以劃分成兩種類型，即快速眼動睡眠和非快速眼動期睡眠。睡夢中，大腦依然十分活躍。每晚，當很多人享受美夢時，還有一部分人在痛苦地經受各種睡眠障礙困擾。睡眠障礙並不罕見，您或許已經聽說過很多次，但接下來這些怪異的睡眠障礙症一定可以讓您大開眼界。那麼，我們放鬆一下來看看十大怪誕的睡眠障礙吧。千萬不要在夜裏被它們糾纏哦！

p Bruxism

10.磨牙症

More commonly known as teeth grinding, sleep bruxism is when someone, while sleeping, is known to clench or grind their teeth together. Many say that it is caused by stress, tension, anxiety, suppressed anger, or something as simple as a misalignment of the teeth. Simple treatments are given to correct the problem generally, such as a mouth guard or therapy. Though the condition doesn't seem very serious, in many cases sleep bruxism can become an issue. If the bruxism carries on for too long, it can lead to jaw disorders, damaged teeth, headaches, and other problems.

磨牙症更常見的表述是teeth grinding，其症狀表現爲：一個人在睡覺時咬緊牙關或者磨牙。通常認爲磨牙是由於壓力、緊張、焦慮、壓抑憤怒或者僅僅是牙齒咬合不正引起的。一些簡單的治療措施，例如進行口腔防護或治療，正常情況下就可以矯正這個問題。 儘管磨牙聽起來並不嚴重，但不注意會成爲很大的健康隱患。如果長期磨牙，可能導致上下顎咬合不正，造成牙齒損傷、頭疼，甚至引起其他問題。

p Apnea

9.睡眠呼吸中止症

Sleep apnea is a very serious condition that is marked by the stopping and starting of breathing during the night. It is said that the condition elevates the risk for a stroke. Doctors say that loud snoring or waking up feeling tired even after a long nights rest may be indicators of sleep apnea. There are two main types of sleep apnea: obstructive, which is when the throat muscles relax and the airways narrow or close, and central sleep apnea, which is when the brain fails to send messages to the breathing muscles. Sleep apnea can be due to excess weight, high blood pressure, smoking, or a history of the disorder. Also, find information on how to stop snoring.

睡眠呼吸中止症是一種十分嚴重的疾病，其症狀表現爲患者睡覺時產生突發性呼吸停止，隨後再恢復呼吸。這種疾病會使中風的概率上升。醫生指出，如果一個人鼾聲如雷，或者在一晚酣睡醒來之後仍覺疲憊，這可能就是患上睡眠呼吸中止症的信號。這種疾病有兩種主要類型：一種是當咽喉肌肉放鬆時，氣道變窄或者封閉，導致的中樞性睡眠呼吸中止；一種是大腦未能成功傳遞信息給呼吸肌導致的睡眠呼吸中止。睡眠呼吸中止症可能由超重、高血壓、吸菸、睡眠障礙家族病史等因素引起。

ambulism

8.夢遊

Better known as sleepwalking, somnambulism is said to be a pretty harmless condition that many people grow out of over time. However, it can be serious in some cases, as those who sleepwalk generally do daily tasks, so a sleepwalker could easily get into a car and drive. It is said that 15% of children between the ages of 8-12 experience sleepwalking. Many times the person who sleepwalks will not remember it, but may wake up with glassy eyes or speaking clumsily. Sleep walking it usually caused by an underlying problem, such as seizures, sleep apnea, PTSD, or arrhythmias, and is therefore not treated. Instead the cause of sleep walking becomes the main focus.

夢遊，也就是我們通常理解的睡眠中無意識的走動，多是由加班熬夜造成的。有些人認爲夢遊對身體沒有害處，但在一些情況下，夢遊的後果會很嚴重。這是因爲睡夢中夢遊患者常會無意識重複白天的行爲，例如夢遊時可能自然地走入車內並開走它，真是細思極恐。有數據顯示，在8-12歲的兒童中，15%的小朋友有過夢遊的經歷。夢遊的人經常不記得睡夢中發生了什麼，他們可能醒來時目光呆滯，口齒笨拙。夢遊通常由一個潛在的病因引發，例如，癲癇、睡眠窒息、傷後應激障礙和心律不齊。若不徹底查清病因，夢遊無法直接治癒，除非有一天，導致夢遊的這些病因能夠受到人們的極大關注。

olepsy

7.發作性睡病

We've all been tired during the day at some point in time, but people with narcolepsy are generally extremely tired during the day and will often experience sudden sleep spells. Narcoleptics can be extremely serious, but there is still no known cure. One out of every 2,000 people is said to have narcolepsy. Plenty of treatments exist, but none fully get rid of the condition. Doctors believe that brain chemicals, notably hypocretin, play a large role in narcolepsy. Generally these cells are excessively damaged, which causes disruptions to sleep patterns, as hypocretin is known to regulate the REM sleep cycle as well as staying awake. However, no one knows why these cells are damaged, and how they become damaged.

正常情況下，人們只會在一天中某個時間點感到困頓，嗜睡的人則一整天疲憊不堪，常常像瞬間被施了睡眠魔咒一樣突然間睏倦。患嗜睡症有時會造成非常嚴重的後果而且目前該病仍然無法治癒。據調查，每2000個人中就有一個嗜睡症患者。治療方法雖多，但所有的方法都是治標不治本。醫生認爲大腦中某些化學物質，尤其是下視丘分泌素，是造成嗜睡的關鍵因素之一。下視丘分泌素是調節人體快速眼動睡眠週期並使人保持清醒的物質，通常情況下，患嗜睡症的人下視丘分泌素被嚴重破壞，因而人類的睡眠模式被打破。然而，沒有人知道這些細胞爲什麼會被損害，目前也不知道它們是如何被損害的。

less Legs Syndrome (RLS)

6.抖腿綜合症

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is classified by a strong and urgent need to move the legs. The urge is said to be extremely hard to resist, as there are often uneasy feelings felt inside of the legs. Some say it's a prickling sensation while others say it's more of a tingling feeling. In any case, the sensations can be painful, which makes sitting or lying down hard for those with RLS. RLS is a sleep disorder because the condition is said to be its worse at night and then eases off in the morning and it causes disruptions to normal sleep patterns. It is said that 5%-10% of people in the U.S. and Northern Europe will experience RLS.

抖腿綜合症的患者常會受強烈的抖腿需求的支配不自覺抖動雙腿。患病者腿部常常深感不適，以至於忍不住地抖動雙腿。有患者稱腿部有如針扎般的刺痛感，也有患者稱發病的痛苦遠不止於此。不論是何種形式的疼痛，這種不適都會使人坐臥難安。抖腿綜合症也被認爲是一種睡眠障礙，因爲它總會把病人折磨地半夜醒來。這種病症往往在夜晚發作，白天能得到緩解。據說，在美國和北歐有5%—10%的人在遭受着抖腿綜合症的折磨。

翻譯:風舞落月 來源:前十網