哈佛大學和麻省理工學院起訴美國政府

Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology on Wednesday sued the Trump administration over its guidance not allowing foreign students to take online-only courses in the US this fall semester.

哈佛大學和麻省理工學院本週三（7月8日）對美國政府提起訴訟。之前，美國政府宣佈禁止在今年秋季學期僅參加在線課程的國際學生留在美國。

Harvard announced earlier this week that all course instruction will be delivered online, including for students living on campus. In a statement provided to CNN, the university said the guidance stands to affect approximately 5,000 international students.

哈佛大學本週早些時候宣佈，所有課程都將在網上授課，包括對住校學生的授課。哈佛大學在提供給美國有線電視新聞網的一份聲明中表示，美國政府的這一政策將影響該校大約5000名國際學生。

"The order came down without notice—its cruelty surpassed only by its recklessness. It appears that it was designed purposefully to place pressure on colleges and universities to open their on-campus classrooms for in-person instruction this fall, without regard to concerns for the health and safety of students, instructors, and others," Harvard University President Larry Bacow said.

哈佛大學校長拉里·巴考說：“這一政策事先沒有任何通知，不僅殘酷更是魯莽。這似乎是有意給高校施加壓力，要求他們在今年秋天開放校園課堂，進行線下授課，而不考慮學生、教師和其他人的健康和安全問題。”

Visa requirements for students have always been strict and coming to the US to take online-only courses has been prohibited. Immigration and Customs Enforcement maintained that prohibition in its guidance, while providing some flexibility for hybrid models, meaning a mix of online and in-person classes.

美國對學生簽證的要求一直很嚴格，來美國上在線課程已經被禁止。移民和海關執法局在其規定中堅持這一禁令，但同時爲混合教學模式提供了一些靈活性，即在線和線下授課的混合模式。

The agency suggested that students currently enrolled in the US consider other measures, like transferring to schools with in-person instruction.

移民和海關執法局建議目前在美國就讀的國際學生考慮其他辦法，比如轉學到有線下授課的學校。

Students enrolled in a school "operating entirely online" must either leave the country or transfer to a school that is offering in-person classes, ICE said.

移民和海關執法局表示，如果就讀的學校“只開設在線課程”，學生必須離開美國，或轉學到開設線下課程的學校。

"If not, they may face immigration consequences including, but not limited to, the initiation of removal proceedings," a news release said.

該機構發表的新聞稿中稱：“如果違反規定，他們可能面臨相應的後果，包括但不限於被驅逐出境。”

The ICE announcement said that students enrolled in schools that offer a combination of in-person and online classes will be permitted to continue as long as the school certifies that the program is not all online, that the student is not exclusively taking online classes, and that "the student is taking the minimum number of online classes required to make normal progress in their degree program."

移民和海關執法局的聲明稱，只要高校提供線上和線下混合教學，證明課程不全是在線的，學生並不是只就讀在線課程，並且“爲了在學位課程中取得正常進展，學生在修讀最低數量的在線課程”，學生就可以繼續留在美國。

In an FAQ published by the agency, the Department of Homeland Security reasoned that "all students scheduled to study at a US institution in the fall will be able to do so, though some will be required to study from abroad if their presence is not required for any in-person classes in the United States."

在該機構發表的問答中，美國國土安全部認爲“所有打算今年秋季在美國高校留學的學生都將能夠這樣做，雖然有些不必來校園上課的學生將被要求在國外在線學習。”

The lawsuit, filed in the US District Court for the District of Massachusetts, seeks to block the directive, arguing it violates the Administrative Procedures Act. The universities argue that ICE's decision not to provide an exemption for online-only courses puts them in an "untenable situation" of either proceeding with their plans to operate fully or largely online or attempt to provide in-person learning.

該訴訟已經提交給美國馬薩諸塞州地區法院，試圖阻止這一政策，稱其違反了《行政程序法》。兩所大學認爲，移民和海關執法局決定不爲純在線課程提供豁免，使其處於“站不住腳的境地”，要麼繼續他們的計劃，全部或大部分教學都在線上進行，要麼嘗試提供線下授課。

The lawsuit also underscores the challenge posed to students: "Just weeks from the start of the fall semester, these students are largely unable to transfer to universities providing on-campus instruction, notwithstanding ICE's suggestion that they might do so to avoid removal from the country."

這起訴訟也突顯了學生面臨的挑戰：“距離秋季學期開學僅有幾周時間，這些學生大多無法轉學到提供線下授課的大學，儘管移民和海關執法局建議他們可以這樣做，以避免被驅逐出境。”

It continues: "Moreover, for many students, returning to their home countries to participate in online instruction is impossible, impracticable, prohibitively expensive, and/or dangerous."

訴訟中繼續寫道：“此外，對許多學生來說，回到自己的國家參加在線教學是不可能的，不可行的，成本高得令人望而卻步，或者很危險。”

Harvard and MIT's lawsuit also received support from Cornell. The university said its international students will largely not be affected due to hybrid teaching, but expressed strong opposition.

哈佛大學和麻省理工學院的訴訟也得到了康奈爾大學的支持。康奈爾大學表示，由於實施混合教學模式，該校的國際學生在很大程度上不會受到這一政策的影響，但仍對此表示強烈反對。

"This was wholly unexpected, and it is a senseless and unfair policy that runs counter to all that we stand for as a global academic community," said Martha E. Pollack, president of Cornell University. There are more than 1 million international students in the US.

康奈爾大學校長瑪莎·E.波拉克說：“這完全出乎意料，這是一項毫無意義、不公平的政策，與我們作爲國際化的學術界所主張的一切背道而馳。”美國國際學生人數超過100萬。