雙語科技百科(化學) 第50期:元代青花瓷器
Blue and White Porcelain of Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty is a key period for the development of the firing tech-niques of the Blue and White Porcelain in China. lts unique characteris-tics were based on the techniques of the former dynasties. The Blue and White Porcelain had become major porcelain product of China by the Ming and Qing Dy-nasties.
元代是中國青花瓷器燒製工藝發展歷史上的重要時期。這一時期在前代“釉下彩”等工藝的基礎上逐步確立、完善了青花瓷器的燒製技術，並形成了自身的獨特風格。到明清時期，青花瓷器已經發展成爲中國瓷器中的主要產品。The Blue and White Porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty is large in size, with thick roughcast. Generally there are big bottle, big pot, big bowl and big plate, with the traditional flavor of the Tang and Song dynasties. Due to the underdeveloped tech-niques, there are two infer-faces on the body and sever-al veins inside the body. The roughcast is not as smooth as that of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, while the glaze of the Blue and White Porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty is thicker than that of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, due to more iron in the raw material of the glaze.
元代青花瓷器在造型方面具有胎骨厚重，形制巨大的特點。常見的器形有大瓶、大罐、大碗、大盤等，這種造型繼承了唐宋以來的傳統風格。由於當時的旋削技術較差，瓷器身上常有兩道接口，一般大罐內也多有旋紋。元代青花瓷器的胎質，在淘洗技術上不如明清時期細緻。元代青花瓷器的釉層一般比明清時期略厚，白釉地子的閃青程度也較明清爲重，可能是當時施釉較厚和釉料中含鐵量較多的緣故。
There are lines like bamboo on the foot of the porcelain. The body is connect-ed with the foot when glaze has not been coated. The body is decorated with lines of lotus, clouds and lots of e decoration was not only applied to the blue and white porcelain but also to the picture weaving and stone carving, reflec-ting the unique characteristics of that time.
在製作工藝上，元代青花瓷器的足部上下多有竹節狀凸起的弦紋，器身與器足的接合部位，多采用胎接方式。在裝飾上，元青花一般多裝飾蓮瓣紋，器物肩部繪有垂雲紋，中間主題部分填以各種花卉，紋飾繁密，層次較多。這種繁密飾紋的手法，不僅表現在青花瓷器上，也表現在元代織錦和石雕工藝上，成爲當時的獨特風格。The major producer of the Blue and White Porcelain in the Yuan Dynasty was Jingdezhen. Besides, there were kilns for the blue and white porcelain production in Zhejiang Province, east of China and Yunnan Province, southwest of China.
元代青花瓷器的主要產地是中國中部江西省的景德鎮。此外在中國東部的浙江省和西南部的雲南省，也有燒製青花瓷器的瓷窯。
