雙語科技百科(天文) 第3期:《甘石星經》
The Gan,shi Classic of the Con,stellation
The Chinese people have paid great attention to astronomical phenome-na since very early times. Meteor showers and solar eclipses which oc-curred as far back as in the Xia Dynasty(2070BC～1600BC) are recorded in ancient books, and are thought to be the earliest astronomical accounts in the world. By the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, astronomy had reached quite a high level of sophistication. Astronomers of the State of Lu obseNed 37 solar eclipl ses, among which 33 have been proved accurate. The earliest record of an ap-pearance by Halley's Comet (613 BC) is contained in the chronicle of Lu known as The Spring and Autumn, Annals .
中國人很早就注意觀察天象。古書上關於夏朝（前2070年~前1600年）時流星雨和日食的記載，是世界天文史上最早的記錄。春秋戰國時期，天文學已取得了相當高的成就。魯國的天文學家在對天象的觀測中，觀測到37次日食，其中33次被證明是可靠的。哈雷彗星早在公元前613年魯國的史書《春秋》就有記載，這是世界上關於哈雷彗星的最早的記錄。During this period there appeared specialized works on d on their long-time observa-tion of the celestial phenomena, Gon De of the State of Chu wrote a work titled Astron,omy an,d Astrology in eight volumes, and Shi Shen of the State of Wei wrote his As-tronomy, also in eight volumes. The two works were combined later generations as The Gan,shi Classic of the Con,stellation, earliest astronomical work extant in the world.
這一時期還出現了天文學專著。在長期觀測天象的基礎上，楚國人甘德著《天文星佔》八卷，魏國人石申撰寫《天文》八卷，後人將它們合爲一部，稱《甘石星經》，這是世界上現存最早的天文學著作。
It recorded the motions of Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, Mars and Saturn,and the rules dictating their also recorded the names of 800 stars,of which the positions of 121 have been De discovered Jupiter s moon with the naked eye, 2,000 years earlier than the Italian astronomer Galileo,who discovered it with an astronomical telescope in 1609. Shi Shen discovered the reason for solar and lunar eclipses. A crater on the moon has been named after Shi Shen.
書中記錄了水、木、金、火、土五大行星的運行情況以及它們的出沒規律。書中還記錄了800個恆星的名字，有121個的位置現在已經被測定。甘德還用肉眼發現了木星的衛星，比意大利天文學家伽利略在1609年用天文望遠鏡發現該星早2000多年。爲了紀念石申，月球上有一座環形山就是用他的名字命名的。
