雙語科技百科(工程建築) 第73期:秦始皇陵
Mausoleum of Emperor Qin Shihuang
Mausoleum of Emperor Qin Shihuang was built from 246 BC t0 208 BC, by order of Qin Shihuang, the emperor of the first unified country of centralized power and various nationalities in the Chinese history. It is the first and largest imperial mausoleum with the most numerous sacrificial objects in China. The mausoleum is square in shape, with a flat top and ladder-shaped profile. It is 76 metres high, 345 metres long from east to west and 350 metres long from north to south. The total area of the mausoleum and its accompanying building relics is. 120,750 square meters. The grand accompanying sacrificial Terra Cotta pits, with a total area of 25,380 square metres, were constructed from 221 BC t0 209 BC. The pottery warriors and horses in the pits were organized in groups according to the army formation in the Qin Dynasty, which provided vivid materials for researching into the military establishment, fighting modes and army supplies in the Qin Dynasty. The excavation of the Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses is considered "the eighth wonder of the world" and "one of the most spectacular archaeological discoveries of the twentieth century". The realistic style of the Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses, which serves as a transitional art style in China's history of sculpture, has aroused the worldwide interest.
秦始皇陵是中國歷史上第一個多民族的中央集權國家的皇帝秦始皇於公元前246年至公元前208年營建的，也是中國歷史上第一個皇帝陵園。其巨大的規模、豐富的陪葬物居歷代帝王陵之首。陵墓近似方形，頂部平坦，腰略呈階梯形。現存高76米，東西長345米，南北寬350米，佔地120750平方米的陵墓及大量地面建築遺蹟和陪葬物。兵馬俑坑爲秦始皇陵的一組大型陪葬坑，建造於公元前221至前209年，總面積25380平方米。這些按當時軍陣編組的陶俑、陶馬爲秦代軍事編制、作戰方式、騎步卒裝備的研究提供了形象的實物資料。兵馬俑的發現被譽爲“世界第八大奇蹟”，“20世紀考古史上的偉大發現之一”。秦俑的寫實手法作爲中國雕塑史上的承前啓後藝術爲世界矚目。
